SMART HELMET

Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of

Bachelor of Engineering degree in Computer Science and Engineering

By

K ABHIRAM
41614042

DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

SCHOOL OF COMPUTING

SATHYABAMA
INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
(DEEMED TO BE UNIVERSITY)
Accredited with Grade “A” by NAAC

JEPPIAAR NAGAR, RAJIV GANDHISALAI,

CHENNAI – 600119
November – 2022

1
 SATHYABAMA
INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

(DEEMED TO BE UNIVERSITY)
Accredited with ―A‖ grade by NAAC
Jeppiaar Nagar, Rajiv Gandhi Salai, Chennai – 600 119
www.sathyabama.ac.in

DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

BONAFIDE CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that this Product Report is the bonafide work of K ABHIRAM
(41614042) who carried out the Design entitled “SMART HELMET” under my super-
vision from June 2022 to November 2022.

Design Supervisor
(Dr.K.Ankayarkanni)

Head of the Department

Dr. S. VIGNESHWARI, M.E., Ph.D.

Submitted for Viva voce Examination held on _______________________

Internal Examiner External Examiner

2
 DECLARATION

I, K ABHIRAM (41614042), hereby declare that the Product Design Report entitled
“SMART HELMET” done by me under the guidance of Dr. K. Ankayarkanni, is submit-
ted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the award of Bachelor of Engineering degree
in Computer Science and Engineering.

DATE:

PLACE: Chennai SIGNATURE OF THE CANDIDATE

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 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I am pleased to acknowledge my sincere thanks to Board of Management of

SATHYABAMA for their kind encouragement in doing this project and for completing it
successfully. I am grateful to them.

I convey my thanks to Dr. T.Sasikala M.E., Ph.D., Dean, School of Computing,

Dr. S.Vigneshwari M.E., Ph.D., Head of the Department of Computer Science and En-
gineering for providing me necessary support and details at the right time during the pro-
gressive reviews.

I would like to express my sincere and deep sense of gratitude to my Design Supervisor Dr.
K.Ankayarkanni, for her valuable guidance, suggestions and constant encouragement paved
way for the successful completion of my project work.

I wish to express my thanks to all Teaching and Non-teaching staff members of the Depart-
ment of Computer Science and Engineering who were helpful in many ways for the
completion of the project.

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 ABSTRACT

A smart helmet is a type of protective headgear used by the rider which

makes bike driving safer than before. The main purpose of this helmet is to
provide safety for the rider. This can be implemented by using advanced fea -
tures like alcohol detection, accident identification, location tracking, use as a
hands free device, fall detection. This makes it not only a smart helmet but
also a feature of a smart bike. It is compulsory to wear the helmet, without
which the ignition switch cannot turn ON. An RF Module can be used as wire -
less link for communication between transmitter and receiver. If the rider is
drunk the ignition gets automatically locked, and sends a message to the reg -
istered number with his current location. In case of an accident it will send a
message through GSM. The distinctive utility of the project is fall detection; if
the rider falls down from the bike or got into an accident it sends a message

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CHAPTER TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE NO.
TITLE
NO

5
ABSTRACT
7
LIST OF FIGURES
1
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Overview 8

2
LITERATURE SURVEY-
2.1 Product Availabilities 9

3
REQUIREMENTS ANALYSIS
3.1 Objective of the product 10

3.2 3.2.1 Hardware Requirements

12
3.2.2 Software Requirements(if needed)

4
DESIGN DESCRIPTION OF PROPOSED PRODUCT

13
4.1 Main Sections of the project
4.2 Circuit Diagram
14
4.2.1 Transmitter Side Circuit Diagram of the
project
4.2.2 Receiver Side Circuit Diagram of the project 15

4.2.3 Block Diagram of Intelligent Helmet System of 16

the project
4.3
Stimulation of the project 17

5 18
CONCLUSION
6 18-19
ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTGES
7 19
REFERENCES

6
 LIST OF FIGURES

FIGURE NO. FIGURE NAME PAGE NO.

4.2 CIRCUIT DIAGRAM 15
4.3 STIMULATION OF THE PROJECT 16

7
 CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

1.1 OVERVIEW

In today’s era, especially in the young generation, the craze of motorbikes is

really remarkable. As the bikers in our country are increasing, the road
mishaps are also increasing day by day, due to which many deaths occur,
most of them are caused by the negligence in wearing helmet. And one of the
reasons for this accident is alcohol consumption. Even though breath analyz -
ers are used to detect whether the rider has consumed alcohol or not by the
traffic department, it is difficult to check each and every rider on the road.
Most of the deaths will occur since the injured person is not given proper med -
ical attention.

In order to overcome the above-mentioned problem, we are designing an intel -

ligent system that prevents road accidents and detects alcohol consumption
and also this will be able to detect crashes and will be able to notify quickly
the accident to a predefined number.

The alcohol sensor would be used to detect the presence of alcohol in the
blood, the project can detect whether the person is drunk or not. if found
drunken then it won’t allow the bike to start. if the person doesn’t put on the
helmet in that case, the bike will not start. the project won’t allow the bike to
start if he doesn’t put the helmet on his head and also won’t allow the bike to
start if he has taken alcohol.

If after starting the bike, he drinks alcohol or tries to take out the helmet then
the system will audio-visual indication in the form of a buzzer and 10 mm LED.

Here in this project first step is to identify whether the helmet is worn or not. If
the helmet is worn, then the ignition will start otherwise it remains off. For this,
the Helmet press button is used. The second step is alcohol detection. An al -
cohol sensor is used as a breath analyzer which detects the presence of alco -
hol in the rider’s breath and if it exceeds the permissible limit ignition cannot

8
start. MQ-3 sensor is used for this purpose. When these two conditions are
satisfied then only ignition starts. The third main issue is accidents and late
medical help. If the rider has met with an accident, he may not receive medi -
cal help instantly, which is one of the main reasons for death. Every second
people die due to delays in medical help. To Detect the accident, we are going
to use a Magnetic Sensor and as soon as an accident would be detected the
message will be sent to the family members so that they can take care of their
family members.

The aim of this project is to make à protection system in a helmet for the
safety of bike riders. There are two modules in this project.

CHAPTER 2
LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1 PRODUCT AVAILABILITIES

Nearly half of Indian road accident deaths involve two-wheelers. It is safe to

say that technology has been at the forefront of automotive development. There has
been a focus on measures that would make travelling safer for the masses in the last
couple of years. The government and manufactures are making efforts to create ve-
hicles that are safer to operate and reduce the number of casualties on roads. Ac-
cording to a report released by the National Crime Records Bureau, the number of
traffic – related in 2021 has risen by 14.6% to 4,22,659. A major contributor to this
figure was road accidents which amounted to 4,03,116. This figure itself has seen a
rise of 13.6% compared to the previous year. To reduce these figures, we are look-
ing to implement new various technologies in the two-wheeler. Garbage clearance
by giving an alert signal to the municipality for fast assortment of garbage in trash bin
with correct verification based on level of garbage filling.

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.

CHAPTER 3

REQUIREMENTS ANALYSIS

3.1 OBJECTIVE OF THE PRODUCT

The main objective of the project is to design a low-cost intelligent helmet that
is capable of identifying alcohol consumption and preventing road accidents.
This system is capable of providing security and safety of the bikers against
road accidents. The circuit is so designed that the bike won’t start without wear -
ing helmet and if the rider is drunk. And in case of accident, GSM system will
globally locate the biker and immediate message will be sent to the family mem -
bers about the accident.

ARDUINO

Arduino is an open source microcontroller which can be easily programmed,

erased and reprogrammed at any instant of time. Introduced in 2005 the Arduino plat-
form was designed to provide an inexpensive and easy way for hobbyists, students
and professionals to create devices that interact with their environment using sensors
and actuators.

MQ-3 ALCOHOL SENSOR

The MQ-3 gas sensor shown in Figure 2 is used for identifying the alcohol
content from breath. It can be positioned just in front of the mouth. The sensor
responds to various molecules in alcohol and determines if the rider is drunk.
The sensor also has a potentiometer to adjust the concentration of gases. We
calibrate the detector for 0.4mg/L of alcohol concentration in air and use a re -
sistance of 200 KΩ. It has 4 pins namely GND, VCC, An out and D out. The
sensor supports both analog and digital outputs. Here we use the digital out -
put of this sensor.

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It is impossible for police to check each and every vehicle for drunken drivers,
so an effective system which automatically prevents drunken driving is
needed. MQ-3gas sensor (alcohol sensor) is suitable for detecting alcohol
content from the breath. So it can be placed just below the face shield and
above the additional face protection. The surface of the sensor is sensitive to
various alcoholic concentrations. Generally, the illegal consumption of alcohol
during driving is 0.08mg/L as per the government act. But for demonstration
purposes, we programmed the threshold limit as 0.04mg/L

RF COMUNICATION CIRCUIT

An RF transmitter module is a small PCB of the RF Transmitter Section

and RF Receiver Section. RF Transmitter Section will collect signals from Al -
cohol Sensor and Helmet press button and will wirelessly transmit them at a
frequency of 433MHZ. on the other side, the RF receiver section will receive
the Signal transmitted by RF transmitter Section .

GSM MODULE

GSM is a global system for mobile communication and is used to send

messages to pre-programmed numbers. The modulation technique used is
GSMK. The protocol used by the GSM modem for setup and control is based
on the Hayes AT-Command set. AT is the abbreviation of Attention. GMAT
commands are extension commands.

CONCEALED MAGNETIC SENSOR

Basically, these are the Read switches. Reed Switches will be on or off
depending on whether a magnet is in their vicinity or not. Here in the project,
these magnetic sensors are used to detect the occurrence of Accidents. to
know more about how they work. please watch the given video.

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3.2 REQUIREMENTS

HELMET

A helmet is a form of protective gear worn to protect the head. More specifically,
a helmet complements the skull in protecting the human brain. Ceremonial or sym-
bolic helmets (e.g., a policeman's helmet in the United Kingdom) without protective
function are sometimes worn. Soldiers wear combat helmets, often made
from Kevlar or other lightweight synthetic fibres.

3.2.1 HARDWARE REQUIREMENTS

• HELMET

• ARDUINO UNO SENSOR

• BATTERY

• LCD (LIQUID CRYSTAL DISPLAY)

• RF TRANSMITTER

• RF RECIVER

• MQ-3 ALCOHOL SENSOR

• GSM MODULE

• CONCELAED MAGNETIC SENSOR

• INDICATORS

• IGNITION

• DC MOTOR

3.2.2 SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS

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 • Open CV

• Auto cad

CHAPTER 4
DESIGN DESCRIPTION OF PROPOSED PRODUCT

4.1 MAIN SECTIONS OF THE PROJECT

Transmission section (On Helmet)

This will detect whether the person is drunk or not. And it will also detect
whether the helmet is put on the head or not. RF Transmitter will send this sig -
nal wirelessly to the bike.

Receiver Section (On Bike)

This section will receive the signal from the helmet section and will give it to
the microcontroller unit to process. here the microcontroller will decide
whether the ignition system should be off or on with the help of the ignition
control relay unit. An LCD here will also display what is happening in the pro -
ject.

13
4.2 CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

4.2.1 Transmitter Side circuit diagram of the project

14
4.2.2 Receiver Side circuit diagram of the project

15
4.2.3 BLOCK DIAGRAM OF INTELLIGENT HELMET SYSTEM

16
4.3 STIMULATION OF THE PROJECT

17
 CONCLUSION

Nowadays, most cases of accidents are caused by motorbikes. The severity of

those accidents is increased because of the absence of helmets or by the us -
age of alcoholic drinks. In our project, we have a tendency to develop an elec -
tronic intelligent helmet system that efficiently checks the wearing of helmets
and drunken driving. By implementing this system, a safe 2-wheeler journey is
possible which would decrease the head injuries throughout accidents caused
by the absence of a helmet and additionally reduce the accident rate due to
drunken driving.

The designed system is highly useful to avoid accidents which happen around
the night time. It provides more than 70% safety for two-wheelers. It is a fact
that the implementation of the system will increase the cost of vehicles but it
is better to have some percent safety rather than having no percentage of
safety. This system could be further enhanced with future technologies to pro -
vide further safety and security to vehicle systems.

ADVANTAGES

 The system will ensure that the motorbike will not start unless the rider
is wearing a helmet and has not consumed alcohol.
 Also, GSM technology is used to inform family members in case of an
accident.
 It will help to reduce the number of road accidents which are very fre -
quent in a country like India where the traffic is very high.
 It will help to create awareness about the need to wear helmets during
bike riding.

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DISADVANTAGES

 The bike will not start unless we wear the helmet.

 Miss-handling of the helmet may cause unnecessary message alert.
 The cost of the project is high

SCOPE FOR FUTURE WORK

 In future, we have planned to construct our intelligent system at a com -

pact size and additionally as globally acceptable to avoid accidents be -
cause of bikes.
 Can be modified for four-wheelers.
 GPS can be used to track the location of an accident.
 Light dimmer sensors can be used to dim the light automatically when
light from other vehicles falls on it.

REFERENCES

1. Rafeeq M, Alam S. Automation of plastic, metal and glass waste materials se-
gregation using Arduino in scrap industry. In2016 International Conference on
Communication and Electronics Systems (ICCES) 2016 Oct 21 (pp. 1-5).
IEEE.
2. Anushri G, Manikandan A, Nivas P, Vignesh K. Garbage Monitoring System
Using Arduino.
3. Cluley, J.C., 1985. Transducers for Microprocessor Systems. New York: Mac-
millan.
4. Edmonds, T.E. 1985. Chemical Sensors. New York: Blackie and Sons.
5. Göpel, W., J. Hesse, and J.N. Zemel. 1989. Sensors: A Comprehensive Sur-
vey, Vol. 4. New York: VCH.

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