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DC Exps

The document contains descriptions of 9 experiments related to digital communication concepts. Experiment 1 calculates entropy, total length, and efficiency of a set of messages with given probabilities and lengths. Experiment 2 performs transmission and reception of data using even and odd parity checks. Experiment 3 demonstrates error detection using a parity check matrix. Experiment 4 implements encoding of data using a generator polynomial in a Galois Field.

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305 Aditya Barai
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16 views23 pages

DC Exps

The document contains descriptions of 9 experiments related to digital communication concepts. Experiment 1 calculates entropy, total length, and efficiency of a set of messages with given probabilities and lengths. Experiment 2 performs transmission and reception of data using even and odd parity checks. Experiment 3 demonstrates error detection using a parity check matrix. Experiment 4 implements encoding of data using a generator polynomial in a Galois Field.

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305 Aditya Barai
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Exp 1

import math

msg_list = []
len_list = []

no_of_msgs = int(input("Number of messages: "))

# Input loop for probabilities


for i in range(no_of_msgs):
msg_prob = float(input("Enter probability: "))
msg_list.append(msg_prob)

# Calculation of entropy
entropy = 0
for i in range(no_of_msgs):
entropy += msg_list[i] * (math.log((1 / msg_list[i]), 2))

# Input loop for message lengths


for i in range(no_of_msgs):
msg_len = float(input("Enter length: "))
len_list.append(msg_len)

# Calculation of total length


length = 0
for i in range(no_of_msgs):
length += msg_list[i] * len_list[i]

# Calculation of efficiency
efficiency = (entropy / length) * 100

print(f"Entropy: {entropy}")
print(f"Total Length: {length}")
print(f"Efficiency: {efficiency:.2f}%")
Exp 2

#transmission
#inputs
x1 = [1,1,0,0,0,0,1]
x2 = [1,1,1,1,0,0,1]
x3 = [1,0,1,1,0,0,1]
x4 = [0,0,0,0,1,0,1]
x5 = [0,0,1,0,1,0,1]
x6 = [0,0,1,0,1,0,1]
x7 = [1,0,1,0,0,0,1]
x8 = [0,1,0,0,1,0,1]
vrc = []
realvrc = []
x = [x1,x2,x3,x4,x5,x6,x7,x8]
for j in range (0,8):
b = sum(x[j])
if b % 2 == 0:
realvrc.append(0)
else:
realvrc.append(1)
print("VRC = ",realvrc)
for i in range (0,7):
a = x1[i]+x2[i]+x3[i]+x4[i]+x5[i]+x6[i]+x7[i]+x8[i]
if a % 2 == 0:
vrc.append(0)
else :
vrc.append(1)
print("LRC = ",vrc)

#reception
#outputs
y1 = [1,1,0,0,0,0,1,1]
y2 = [1,1,1,1,0,0,1,1]
y3 = [1,0,1,1,0,0,1,0]
y4 = [0,0,0,0,1,0,1,0]
y5 = [0,0,1,0,1,0,1,0]
y6 = [0,0,1,0,1,0,1,1]
y7 = [1,0,1,0,0,0,1,1]
y8 = [0,1,0,0,1,0,1,1]
y9 = [1,1,1,0,0,0,0,1]

for k in range(0,6):
if(vrc[k] == y9[k]):
continue

else:
c = k + 1
y = [y1[7],y2[7],y3[7],y4[7],y5[7],y6[7],y7[7],y8[7]]
for m in range(0,7):
if(realvrc[m] == y[m]):
continue
else:
print("Even Parity not satisfied at", m+1,"th column of VRC")
print("Even Parity not satisfied at", k+1,"th row of LRC")
print( 'bit',c ,'of',x[m+1])
Exp 3

clc ;
clear all ;
P = input ( "enter the parity matrix " )
disp ( P )
k = input ( "enter the value of k " )
n = input ( "enter the value of n " )
I = eye ( 3 , 3 ) ;
disp ( I )
G=[IP]
disp ( G )
M = input ( "enter the message matrix " )
C=M*G
c1 = modulo ( C, 2 )
disp ( c1 )
disp ( P ' )
H = [ P'I ] ;
disp ( H ' )
disp ( "enter the vector to be checked " )
X = input ( "enter the code for error detection " )
E = modulo ( X * H ' , 2 )
disp ( "error = " ) ;
disp ( E ) ;
if E == [ 0 , 0 , 0 ] then
disp ( "the code vector does not have any error" ) ;
else
disp ( "the code vector has an error" )
end
for t = 1 : k
if H ( : ,t ) == E ' then
disp ( "error bit of code vector=" ) ;
disp ( t ) ;
X ( 1 ,t ) = bitcmp ( X ( 1 ,t ) , 1 ) ;
disp ( "corrected code vector is " ) ;
disp ( X ) ;
end
end
Exp 4

clc;
clear all;
n=input("Enter the value of n:");
k=input("Enter the value of k:") ;
for i = 1 : n - k + 1
x(i)=input("Enter the coefficients of Generator Polynomial:");
end

x1=poly(x,"p","coeff");
X=pol2str(x1);
disp("The Generator Polynomial is ");
disp("x(p)");
disp(X);
for j = 1 : k
m(j)=input("Enter the coefficients of message polynomial:");
end

ml = poly(m,"p","coeff");
M = pol2str(ml);
disp("The message Polynomial:");
disp("m(p)");
disp(M);
ul=x1*ml;
u=coeff(ul);
u2 = modulo(u,2);
u3=poly(u2,"p","coeff");
U=pol2str(u3);
disp("The Codeword polynomial is: ");
disp("u(p)");
disp(U);
l=length(u2);
if l<n then
for r = (l + 1) : n
u2(r) = 0;
end
end
disp("The Non-systematic Codeword");
disp("U(Non-systematic)");
z=n;
for t = 1 : n
g(t) = u2(z);
z = z - 1;
end
disp(g');
p=poly(0,"p");
p2=(p ^(n-k));
p3=pol2str(p2);
disp("Multiplication Polynomial");
disp(p3);
q=p2*ml;
q2=pol2str(q);
disp("Shifted Message=") ;
disp(q2);
[rem,quo]=pdiv(q,x1);
reml=coeff(abs(rem));
disp("Remainder Code: ");
disp(reml);
rem2=modulo(reml,2);
R=poly(rem2,"p","coeff");
P=pol2str(R);
disp("Remainder Polynomial =");
disp(P);
Q=q+R;
Q1=coeff(Q);
Q2=modulo(Q1,2);
Q3=poly(Q2,"p","coeff");
Q4=pol2str(Q3);
disp("The Systematic Polynomial:");
disp(Q4)

l1 =length(Q2);
if l1<n then
for v=(l1+1):n
Q2(v)=0;
end
end

disp("The Systematic Codeword:");


disp("Q(Systematic)");
disp(Q2);
Exp 5

NRZ L

NRZ M
NRZ S

BI PHASE L
BI PHASE M

BI Phase S
AMI Encoding
Decoding NRZ L

Decoding NRZ M
Decoding NRZ S

Decoding BI L
Line Encoding

Jumper 1 : Sdata --> IN 16


Jumper 2: Clk2 --> TxClk

Probe1: Sdata and ground


Probe2 : Out 10 and ground

Settings:
GP4
128Khz
Even

Click S3 for various Waveforms

Line Decoding:
Change IN 16 to IN 17

AMI :
Change Out 10 to Out 11
Exp 6
ASK mod:

Probe 1: Digital Data Generator ( NRZ ) and Ground


Probe 2: Balance Modulator ( 1 or 2 for ASK 1 or 2 ) and Ground
Probe 3 (Optional) : FSK modulator output and Ground
Exp 8

BPSK Mod
BPSK Demod
Exp 9

Channel 1: Data Generator ( Data )


Channel 2: Dibit Encoder ( Even_out )
Channel 3: Dibit Encoder
( Odd_out)
Channel 4: QPSK modulator ( Mod_out)
Jumper 1: Dibit Encoder(even) --> QPSK modulator
Jumper 2: Dibit Encoder(odd) --> QPSK modulator
Jumper 3: Data Generator (Pcs22) --> Dibit Encoder (Pcs1)

Channel 1,3 and 2 and 4 --> QPSK Modulator (Psc21)

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