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UNIVERSITY OF LAGOS
FACULTY OF EDUCATION
FED 321 (RESEARCH METHODS AND STATISTICS)
PAST QUESTION COMPILED BY Oni Samson Eritobi [F.O.C]

1. The “What, the “Why” and the “how” of the research is known as
a. Research proposal
b. introduction
c. Literature Review
d. Methodology

2. The APA 6th edition was published in the year_________

a. 2009
b. 2006
c. 2020
d. 2019

3. The type of review aimed at developing a body of literature which will establish
a contrary viewpoint is known as
a. Theoretical view
b. Historical view
c. Systematic view
d. Argumentative review
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4. Which type of refencing style states that surnames and initials for up to 20
authors, instead of 7 should be provided in the reference entry?
a. APA 7th edition
b. APA 20th edition
c. APA 6th edition
d. APA 2022 edition

5. The type of review which examines the quantity of theory which has be
formulated on a particular concept or issue is known as
a. Methodological review
b. Systematic review
c. Historical review
d. theoretical review

6. Which type of APA style of in-text citation is (Sheidu, 2017)?

a. 20th Edition only
b. 7th Edition and 6th edition
c. 6th edition only
d. 7th edition only

7. Which of the following is NOT a type of literature review?

a. Theoretical review
b. Systematic review
c. Historical review
d. None of the above
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8. Which of these discusses and analyses published information in a particular
subject area.
a. Research proposal
b. Literature review
c. methodology
d. Data analysis

9. Which of these may NOT be an essential element of a research proposal?

a. Research methodology
b. Research question
c. Statement of the problem
d. Research hypothesis

10. The in-text citation for works with three or more authors is now shortened right
from the ______ citation.
a. second
b. first
c. third
d. fourth

11. A brief and articulate summary of one’s proposed research is known as

a. Research proposal
b. Statement of the problem
c. Methodology
d. Introduction
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12. Which type of APA refencing style was published in the year 2020?
a. None of the above
b. APA 20th edition
c. APA 7th edition
d. APA 6th edition

13. The type of review which provides a framework for understanding aspects such
as different research designs adopted, types of research instruments used, among
others is known as
a. Historical review
b. methodological review
c. systematic review
d. theoretical review

14. The aim of a research proposal is to _________ one’s research supervisor

a. Impress
b. Convince
c. Suit
d. Mislead
15. Which of these involves locating, reading and evaluating previous research
reports that are related to the intended research by a researcher?
a. Research topic
b. Literature review
c. Research methodology
d. Statement of the problem
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16. How one plans to carry out his/her investigation is called

a. Research proposal
b. Data Analysis
c. Literature review
d. Methodology

17. Which edition of bibliography is this? Ike, P. (2017). Problems and prospects
of secondary education in Nigeria, International journal of Education and
Evaluation, 3(1), 44-51.
a. 7th Edition and 6th edition
b. 20th Edition only
c. 7th Edition only
d. 6th Edition only

18. The main goals of a ________ is to present and justify the need to study the
identified research problem.
a. Research proposal
b. Literature review
c. Methodology
d. Data analysis

19. Which of these makes a researcher to have better understanding of the problem
being investigated?
a. Methodology
b. Literature review
c. Introduction
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d. research proposal

20. Which of these is NOT a common mistake in writing a research proposal?

a. Too long or too short proposal
b. Outlines of literature review
c. Failure to stay focused on the research purpose
d. Too many citation lapses

21. The type of literature which reviews studies that address related research
problem with the view to providing the current state on a particular body of
knowledge is known as
a. Integrative review
b. Methodological review
c. Historical review
d. Theoretical review

22. Which of these in NOT detailed in writing a research proposal?

a. Methodology
b. Statement of the problem
c. Literature review
d. References

23. The stages involved in conducting a review of a literature include the following
EXCEPT
a. Searching for existing literature on the variables of the study
b. Reviewing for selected journals/books
c. Writing a research proposal
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d. Listing the key words are related to the research being carried out

24. Which of these demonstrates the originality of one’s proposed research?

a. Research proposal
b. Literature review
c. research topic
d. Methodology

25. The full meaning of APA is

a. African Psychological Association
b. Australia Psychological Association
c. American Psychological Association
d. Asian Psychological Association

26. Which of the following is NO longer included in referencing a textbook

according to APA 7th edition?
a. Title of the book
b. Year of the book
c. Place of the publication
d. Initials of Author(s)

27. Which of these keeps the practitioners/researchers updated on the current

situation on their field?
a. introduction
b. Research proposal
c. Methodology
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d. Literature review

28. Which of the following is time consuming and sometimes discouraging and
frustrating?
a. Introduction
b. Methodology
c. Literature Review
d. Proposal writing

29. In which type of APA edition is DOIs are formatted the same as URLs?
a. APA 20th Edition
b. APA 7th Edition
c. APA 6th Edition
d. None of the above

30. The “WHY” of a research means

a. One’s methodology
b. One’s research topic
c. Justification for one’s research
d. Answering unambiguous statement of the problem

31. The in-text citation used by Dr Awofala for research works with five other co-
authors is now shortened right from the ______ citation
a. Second
b. first
c. Third
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d. Fouth

32. A systematic and scientific process of finding reliable and valid solution to
problems through the collection and analysis of information is_______
a. research process
b. Research
c. variables
d. Literature review

33. Hypothesis refers to

a. the outcome of an experiment
b. a conclusion drawn from an experiment
c. a form of bias in which the subject tries to outguess the experimenter
d. a tentative statement about the relationship

34. Statistics is used by researchers to

a. analyze the empirical data collected in a study
b. make their findings sound better
c. operationally define their variables
d. ensure the study comes out the way it was intended

35. A literature review requires

a. planning
b. good & clear writing
c. lot of writing
d. All of the above
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36. A literature review is based on the assumption that

a. Copy from the work of others
b. Knowledge accumulates and learn from the work of others
c. Knowledge dis-accumulates
d. None of the above

37. A theoretical framework

a. elaborates the r/s among the variables
b. explains the login underlying these r/s
c. describes the nature and direction of the r/s
d. all of the above

38. Which of the following statement is not true?

a. A research proposal is a document that present a plan for a project
b. A research proposal shows that the researcher is capable of successfully
conducting the proposed research project
c. A research proposal is an unorganized and unplanned project
d. A research proposal is just like a research report and written before the research
project

39. After identifying the important variables and establishing the logical reasoning
in theoretical framework, the next step in the research process is
a. to conduct surveys
b. to generate the hypothesis
c. to focus group discussion
d. to use experiments in an investigation
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40. A list of questions which is handed over to the respondent, who reads the
questions and records the answers himself is known as the:
a. interview schedule
b. questionnaire
c. interview guide
d. all of the above

41. One of the most critical stages in the survey research process is
a. research design
b. questionnaire design
c. interview design
d. survey design

42. _______ variable is otherwise called an outcome variable

a. independent
b. dependent
c. controlled
d. interfering

43. ______ hypothesis is the type of that is formulate or staled in such a way that it
suggests “no difference” in effects or “no relationship” between the independent
and dependent varibles.
a. alternative
b. Null
c. a & b
d. none of the above
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44. Research method is applicable in all of the following fields, EXCEPT

a. Health care
b. Religion
c. Business
d. Government offices

45. All of the following are true statements about action research, EXCEPT
a. Data are systematically analyzed
b. Data are collected systematically
c. Results are generalized
d. results are used to improve practice

46. Which of the following is characteristic of action research?

a. variables are tightly controlled
b. results are generalized
c. data are usually qualitative
d. results demonstrate cause-and-effect relationships

47. If Dr. Olafare is studying the effect of using laptops in his classroom to
ascertain their merit and worth; he is likely conducting which of the following
types of research?
a. Experimental
b. Applied
c. basic
d. Evaluation
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48. Exploratory research addresses which of the following types of question?

a. if
b. how
c. why
d. what

49. Which of the following is not the sources of getting information for exploratory
research?
a. content analysis
b. survey
c. case study
d. pilot study

50. Which of the following is the main quality of a good theory?

a. A theory that has survived attempts at falsification
b. A theory that is proven to be right
c. A theory that has been disproved
d. A theory that has been falsified

51. A variable that is presumed to cause a change in another variable is known as

a. discontinuous variable
b. dependent variable
c. independent variable
d. intervening variable
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52. Which of the following is the opposite of a variable?
a. an extraneous variable
b. a dependent variable
c. a data set
d. a constant

53. There is no relationship between higher motivation level and higher efficiency
is an example of which type of hypothesis?
a. alternative
b. null
c. co relational
d. research

54. Which of the following is not a role of hypothesis?

a. guides the direction of the study
b. determine feasibility of conducting the study
c. identifies relevant and irrelevant facts
d. provides framework for organizing the conclusion

55. Hypothesis test may also be called as

a. informal test
b. significance test
c. Moderating test
d. T-test

56. ______ research is based on naturalism

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a. field research
b. descriptive research
c. basic research
d. applied research

57. Research carried out to determine which method of teaching is better or which
form of motivation brings about better academic performance among pupils with
learning difficulties is an example of
a. action research
b. basic research
c. applied research
d. evaluation research

58. Most of the research or projects carried out by final year students of higher
institutions is an example of ______ research.
a. basic
b. research and development
c. applied
d. action

59. Which of the following sets is the measure of central tendency?

a. Mean, standard deviation, mode
b. Mean, median, standard deviation
c. Arithmetic mean, median and mode
d. standard deviation, internal validity, mode
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60. How many times the students appear in the research class is the example of
_______
a. intensity
b. space
c. frequency
d. direction

61. In _________, the researcher attempts to control and/ or manipulate the

variables in the study.
a. Experiment
b. Hypothesis
c. Theoretical framework
d. Research design

62. In ________, each population element has a known and equal chance of
selection
a. Purposive sampling
b. Quota sampling
c. Stratified sampling
d. Simple random sampling

63. Examples of closed ended questionnaire items include the following EXCEPT
a. Are you a teacher? Yes [ ] No [ ]
b. Your highest teaching qualification. NCE [ ] B.Ed. [ ] M.Ed [ ]
c. Your performance in the last exam. High [ ] Average [ ] Low [ ]
d. Why do you prefer to be a teacher?
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64. A researcher is interested in studying why the “new math” of the 1960s failed.
She interviews several teachers who used the new math during the 1960s. Thes
teachers are considered as:
a. Primary sources
b. Secondary sources
c. External critics
d. Internal critics

65. A coefficient of correlation expresses basically the degree of relationship

between any two variables by number ranging from
a. -1.00 to +1.00
b. +2.00 to – 2.00
c. +1.00 to -1.00
d. none of the above

66. A perfect positive correlation is indicated by a coefficient of

a. 1.00
b. -1.00
c. 2.00
d. 0.00

67. Find the mode of: 4, 10, 3, 12, 0, 9, 4, 3, 8, 6, 3

a. 4
b. 0
c. 10
d. 3
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68. Which of the following sampling techniques is used for Employee Turnover
and Job Opening survey?
a. simple random sampling
b. cluster sampling
c. stratified sampling
d. convenience sampling

69. Investigation carried out about “the number of qualified science teachers
teaching in State Private Schools”, is an example of ______ research.
a. action
b. basic
c. applied
d. evaluation

70. _____ is an example of descriptive research

a. census studies
b. observation studies
c. job description
d. all of the above