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Molecular Visualization Tutorial

This document provides an overview of a presentation on molecular visualization using UCSF Chimera. The presentation introduces Chimera and its uses for visualizing molecular structures from various data sources, representing molecules visually, manipulating structures, and applying it to areas like modeling, analysis, and publishing. The document outlines the agenda, which includes an introduction to Chimera, a hands-on tutorial, and a discussion of its applications and available tools.
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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
73 views60 pages

Molecular Visualization Tutorial

This document provides an overview of a presentation on molecular visualization using UCSF Chimera. The presentation introduces Chimera and its uses for visualizing molecular structures from various data sources, representing molecules visually, manipulating structures, and applying it to areas like modeling, analysis, and publishing. The document outlines the agenda, which includes an introduction to Chimera, a hands-on tutorial, and a discussion of its applications and available tools.
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 60

An Introduction to Molecular

Visualization with UCSF


Chimera
John “Scooter” Morris, Ph.D.
[email protected]
University of California, San Francisco

1
Introductions
• About me
– John “Scooter” Morris:
• RBVI Executive Director
• Adjunct Professor, Department of Pharmaceutical
Chemistry, UCSF
• 19 years in pharmaceutical industry (Genentech)
• 11 years at RBVI

2
Introductions
• Who are you?
– Biologists?
– Chemists?
– Bioinformaticists?
– Computer Scientists?
– Other Computational Sciences?
– Other?

3
Materials
• Handouts
• Downloads
– Chimera 1.10.1
– Data files

4
Agenda
• Demo
– …while Chimera installs.
• Introduction to UCSF Chimera
– Basic principals
• Hands on Tutorial
• Q&A
• Glimpse of the future (Chimera2)

5
Demo
• HIV Capsid

6
Molecular Visualization
• Data sources
• Representations
• Manipulations
• Analysis
• Modeling

7
Definitions
• modeling (model):
Function: verb
transitive verb
1 : to plan or form after a pattern : SHAPE
3 b : to produce a representation or simulation of <using a computer
to model a problem>
4 : to construct or fashion in imitation of a particular model <modeled
its constitution on that of the United States>
intransitive verb
1 : to design or imitate forms : make a pattern <enjoys modeling in
clay>
• visualization:
Function: noun
1 : formation of mental visual images
2 : the act or process of interpreting in visual terms or of putting into
visible form

8
Data sources
• Structure determinatation
– Xray crystallography
– NMR
– EM/Cryo EM
– Models (ab initio, homology)
• Volumetric data
– EM/Cryo EM
– Electron density
– Light microscopy
• Non-structural data sources
– Sequence data
– Pathway data
– Interaction data
– Expression data

9
Data sources
• Structure repositories
– Protein Databank: http://www.rcsb.org/
– Nucleic Acid Database (NDB): http://ndbserver.rutgers.edu/
– Structural Classification of Proteins (SCOP):
http://scop.mrc-lmb.cam.ac.uk/scop/
– ModBase: http://modbase.compbio.ucsf.edu/
– Cambridge Structural Database (CSD):
http://www.ccdc.cam.ac.uk/products/csd/
– VIPER EM Database: http://mmtsb1.scripps.edu/emdb/
– EM Database: http://www.ebi.ac.uk/msd-srv/emsearch/index.html
– Uppsala Electron Density Server: http://eds.bmc.uu.se/eds/

10
Representations
• Wire
• (Ball &) stick
• Sphere (VDW)
• Secondary Structure
– Ribbon
– “Pipes & Planks”
• Surfaces
• Specialty
– “Worms”
– Nucleic acids
11
Combining Representations

12
Other Visual Displays
• Labeling
• Hydrogen bonds
• Geometric objects
• Distances
• Clipping
• Many others
– Chimera Gallery (http://www.cgl.ucsf.edu/chimera/ImageGallery)
– VMD Gallery (http://www.ks.uiuc.edu/Research/vmd/gallery/)
– BALLView (http://www.ball-project.org/Gallery/)
– PyMOL Images (http://pymol.sourceforge.net/pmimag.html)

13
Animation
• Presentation
– Overcome lack of stereo (provide 3D cues)

14
Animation
• Presentation
– Overcome lack of stereo (provide 3D cues)
– Demonstrate (possibly) hypothetical
interactions
• Morphing between conformations
• Molecular mechanisms

15
Animation
• Presentation
– Overcome lack of stereo (provide 3D cues)
– Demonstrate (possibly) hypothetical
interactions
• Morphing between conformations
• Molecular mechanisms
• Analytic
– MD movies
– Scanning multiple structures or conformations

16
Manipulations
• Selection
• Movement
• Focus
• Zoom
• Changing representations
• Labeling
• Alignment
• Modeling “lite”
– Bond adjustments
– Adding/deleting/changing residues

17
Modeling
• Homology modeling
– Uses similar molecules of known structure as a template to
derive molecular structure.
• Molecular mechanics
– Models atoms and spheres and bonds as springs
– Non-bonded atoms interact through van der Waals attraction,
steric repulsion, and electrostatic attraction/repulsion
– General goal is to minimize an energy equation (force field)

18
Modeling
• Molecular dynamics
– Models the motions of a molecular system, including
conformational transitions and local vibrations, using molecular
mechanics force fields
– Takes into account the thermodynamic environment
– May be used to compute both thermodynamic and kinetic
properties
– Result is an ensemble (i.e., a movie) of how the molecule moves
• Quantum (ab initio) modeling
– Structures are solved by approximating the Schrödinger
equation for all particles (nuclei and electrons) in the system.

(see http://cmm.info.nih.gov)
19
Applications of molecular visualization

• Computational chemistry
– Dynamic molecules
– Molecular interactions
• Microscopy
– Lower resolution, volumetric data
• Genomics
– Sequence-structure-function relationships
• Systems biology
– Broad view across variety of data

20
Scenarios of use
• Analysis
– Molecular dynamics
– Docking
– Sequence-structure relationships
– Low-resolution representations
• Viruses and large complexes
• Electron microscopy
– Structures in context
• Publication
– High-resolution images
– Animation
21
Molecular dynamics
• Crystallography determines the
conformation of molecules in crystalline
form
• Molecular mechanics describes the
physics of atomic forces
– Energy minimization finds local minima
– Molecular dynamics (MD) simulates motion of
molecules in solution
– Free energy perturbation computes binding
energy

22
Docking
• Molecular docking is used to screen ligand
databases to find lead compounds
– Rigid-receptor docking is faster, but assumes
that a single receptor conformation is
sufficient
– Flexible-receptor docking is more realistic, but
requires much more computational resources

23
Sequence-structure relationships
• There are still many more sequences
available than structures
• Sequence similarity is often used to infer
function
• Structure similarity is critical for
mechanism
• By viewing both sequences and structures
together, we can get a more
comprehensive view

24
Volumetric Data
• Structural experiments frequently yield
volumetric data
– X-ray crystallography
– Electron microscopy
– Tomography
• Viewing derived molecular structures with
experimental data is useful for:
– Consistency check between derived data and
experimental results
– Fitting modeled structures to experimental
results
25
Multiscale representations
• Molecular data are available at different
resolutions (scales)
• Viewing structural data at multiple scales
simultaneously provides context
• Example: Virus capsid display
– Take advantage of capsid symmetry
– Showing both shape and component proteins
more useful than either alone

26
Structures in context
• Protein similarity networks
• Pathways
• Protein interaction networks

• Cytoscape — Chimera integration

27
Questions?
• Any other scenarios of interest?

28
Available Tools
• Visualization
– “Full featured” academic packages
• UCSF Chimera (http://chimera.ucsf.edu/)
• PyMOL (http://pymol.sourceforge.net/)
• VMD (http://www.ks.uiuc.edu/Research/vmd/)
– Viewers
• Jmol (http://jmol.sourceforge.net/)
• RasMol/Chime (http://www.openrasmol.org/)
• SwissProt PDB-Viewer (DeepView) (
http://www.expasy.org/spdbv/)
• RCSB Protein Workshop (http://www.rcsb.org/)
29
Available Tools
• Visualization
– Other useful tools
• Photoshop
• Renderer (POV-Ray or Renderman-based)
• Animation package (Maya)
• Stereo-capable workstation

30
Available Tools
• Analytical tools (partial list)
– PROCHECK (http://www.biochem.ucl.ac.uk/~roman/procheck/)
– Structure-Function Linkage Database (http://sfld.rbvi.ucsf.edu/)
– ExPASy (http://www.expasy.org/)

• Modeling tools
– Amber (http://amber.scripps.edu/)
– Charmm (http://www.charmm.org/)
– NAMD (http://www.ks.uiuc.edu/Research/namd/)
– Gaussian (http://www.gaussian.com/)
– ModBase (http://modbase.compbio.ucsf.edu/)
– Modeller (http://www.salilab.org/modeller/)
– DOCK (http://dock.compbio.ucsf.edu/)
– Many, many more (see http://cmm.info.nih.gov/)
31
Comparison of Visualization Packages

• Viewers
– Jmol
• best-in-class viewer
• web enabled
• scriptable
• input only
• compatible with RasMol scripts
• limited analytical capabilities
– mostly through Javascript wrappers

32
Comparison of Visualization Packages

• “Full Featured”
– PyMol
• best-in-class for peptidometics, speed
• single-screen interface (+command line)
• extensible
• some modeling capabilities
• good publication tools (built-in ray tracer)
• scriptable

33
Comparison of Visualization Packages

– VMD
• best-in-class for MD (integrated with NAMD) and
other analysis tools
• scriptable
• excellent stereo capabilities
• embedded ray tracer (Tachyon)
• extensible
– now supports Python, previously was only TCL/TK

34
Comparison of Visualization Packages
– Chimera
• best-in-class for visualizing very large structures
– multiscale extension
– volume viewer
• focus on extensibility, broad functionality
• primarily analytical interface
• familiar GUI interface (+command line)
• scriptable
• reasonable tools for publication & presentation
• embedded ray tracer (POV-Ray)
• excellent sequence/structure capabilities
• reasonable interface to modeling programs
35
Comparison of Visualization Packages

• Caveats
– Our focus is primarily on Chimera
– We are not users of other packages
– There is no “best” package for everything (in our
opinion)
– YMMV (Your Mileage May Vary)
• What we think is easy, you may think is hard
• What we think is hard, you may think is easy
– Choosing the best package for you
• Does what you need
• Good documentation
• Good support (either local or from the authors)

36
UCSF Chimera
• Target audience
– Scientists who need to analyze and model
molecular systems in some detail
– Scientists who want to develop new analytical
methods
– Scientists or educators who wish to
communicate biological concepts visually
• Organization
– Core features
– Additional tools
37
Chimera Core Features
• Concepts
– Graphical manipulation
– Chemical knowledge
• Hierarchy: Model→Chain→Residue→Atom
• Attributes available at model, residue, and atom
levels
– Selection - Action
– GUI/Command-line equivalence
• For core, not necessarily extensions

38
Core Features (cont.)
• Using the mouse
– Pointer over atom
• “Tooltip” with atom and residue information
– Left-button
• X-Y Rotation (on virtual sphere)
• Z Rotation (outside of virtual sphere)
– Middle-button
• X-Y Translation
– Right-button
• Scale
– Control+
• Left-button: select (click or drag)
• Middle-button: Z translation

39
Core Features (cont.)
• Useful tools
– Side View
• Helps locate model in Z direction
• Provides access to hither-and-yon clipping planes

40
Core Features (cont.)
• Useful tools
– Side View
• Helps locate model in Z direction
• Provides access to hither-and-yon clipping planes
– Selection Inspector
• Provides information about currently selected atom, residue, and model
(and bond, pseudo-bond, and surface)
• Short-cut to changing representation of selected item

41
Core Features (cont.)
• Useful tools
– Side View
• Helps locate model in Z direction
• Provides access to hither-and-yon clipping planes
– Selection Inspector
• Provides information about currently selected atom, residue,
and model (and bond, pseudo-bond, and surface)
• Short-cut to changing representation of selected item
– Model Panel
• Access to several attributes and actions of currently open
models
• Allows selective display of models
• Allows selection of models that will respond to mouse motion
(useful to move one model in relation to another)

42
Core Features (cont.)
• Useful tools
– Side View
• Helps locate model in Z direction
• Provides access to hither-and-yon clipping planes
– Selection Inspector
• Provides information about currently selected atom, residue, and model (and
bond, pseudo-bond, and surface)
• Short-cut to changing representation of selected item
– Model Panel
• Access to several attributes and actions of currently open models
• Allows selective display of models
• Allows selection of models that will respond to mouse motion (useful to
move one model in relation to another)
– Sequence
• Displays sequence of currently loaded structures
• Selection linked to structure
• Can display alignments
• Access to several sequence-related tools: CDD & Uniprot annotations,
BLAST PDB, sequence alignment calculations, modeling
43
Core Features (cont.)
• Selection methods
– Using mouse
• Control-click and control-drag
• Shift-control-click and shift-control-drag to add to selection
– By atom and residue names and types
– By higher order structure
• e.g., chains, ligands, solvent
– By spatial location
• e.g., within some distance of another selection
– By attribute values
• e.g., temperature factor, occupancy
– Can extend any selection with up-arrow: ↑
– NOTE: by default, if nothing is selected, everything is selected

44
Core Features (cont.)
• Actions
– Hide/show/delete parts of structure
– Change representations
– Change colors
– Display labels
– Show molecular surfaces
– Focus on parts of interest

45
Commonly used tools
• Depictions
– Nucleotides
– Rainbow coloring
• Structure analysis
– FindHBond
– Sequence
– Distances
• Utilities
– 2D Labels
– Reply Log
– Movie Recorder

46
Questions?
• Anything you want to see in particular?

47
Extending Chimera
• Incorporating user data
• Scripting
• Python extensions

48
Incorporating user data
• Chimera supports user-defined attributes
for atoms, residues and molecules
• Once defined, these attributes may be
used for selection and rendering using the
“Render by Attribute” extension

49
Scripting
• Scripting is executing a set of commands
from a file
– Useful for repetitive tasks
– Can serve as documentation
– Available in most visualization packages
• Chimera commands may be read in from a
file or typed directly in the command line
interface
• Chimera “Demo” extension combines
scripting with simple hypertext to create
illustrations
50
Questions?

51
Chimera Recent Additions
• Modeling
- Rotamers
- Fetch modeled structures from ModBase
- Web service interface to Modeller and IMP
- Web service interface to BLAST
• Animation and illustration
– Movies can now be rendered with POVray
– Scenes and Storyboards
• Volume visualization
– New tools for tomographic data
• Systems biology
– structureViz: links Cytoscape to Chimera

52
Visualization Directions
• Context
– Environment
– Systems biology
• Complexes
– Protein-protein
– Protein-nucleic acid
– Molecular machinery
• Motion
– Molecular transitions
– Machinery mechanisms
– Conceptual illustration
53
Visualization Directions
• Data sources
– Web services
– Multiple data types

54
The End
• Questions?
• Comments?
• Suggestions?

55
Backup Slides
• Detailed comparison charts

ISMB 2008: Introduction to Molecular Visualization 56


feature Chimera RasMol Jmol 10.2 PyMol 0.99 Deep View VMD 1.8.4 DINO Molmol 2K.
1.2199 2.7.3 3.7 0.9.1 2

PDB I/O I/O I I/O I/O I/O I/O I/O


Mol2 I/O I - I - I/O - I
CIF/mmCIF - I I - - - - -
Web app - PE + - - - - -
sessions + - - + + + - +
color editing + - - + + + - +
transparency + - + + SG SD + -
molecular surfaces + + + + + + DR +
interface surfaces + - - - - + - -
solid clipped surface + + - - - PV + -
arbitrary clipping + - - - - + + -
movable labels 2D - - + - - - +
special nucleic disp + - - + - + + +
geometric objects + - + + - + - +
high-quality images + - - + - - + +
ray-tracing support + + + ++ + + + +
stereo + + + + + ++ + +
multiscale/low-res + - - - - LR - SH
volume isosurfaces ++ - + + + + + +
transparent volumes + - - - - - - -
edit/write vol data + - - - - - - -
auto fit to density + - - - - - - -
measure volume + - - - - - - -

ISMB 2008: Introduction to Molecular Visualization 57


feature Chimera RasMol Jmol 10.2 PyMol 0.99 Deep View VMD 1.8.4 DINO Molmol 2K.
1.2199 2.7.3 3.7 0.9.1 2

atom type ident + - - - - - - -


select AA category + + FG/ST - + + + -
H addition + - - SA SA SM - SR
H-bond ident ++ + FG + + + - +
charge assignment SR - - SR SA SM - SR
ESP calculation ID/DR CL - AP/DR CL/PB AP/DR DR PB
AA rotamer library - - - + + - - -
energy minimization - - - - + NM - -
render by attribute (e.g. ++ + + + + + + +
color bfactor)
user-defined attribs + - - - - - - -
seq align viewer ++ SP SP/ST(I) SP IG SP/IG - -
seq-based match + - - + + - - -
struct-based match + - - SP + + - -
seq align from match + - - - PW + - -
MD playback + - PO + - ++ + PO
view docking results + - - - - - - -

context/balloon help + - + - - - - +

user docs ++ + + OD + + + ++
programming docs + - - - + + - -

extensibility + - + + - + - -
source distrib + + + + - + - +
platforms W/M/U W/M/U W/M/U W/M/U W/M/U W/M/U M/U W/U

ISMB 2008: Introduction to Molecular Visualization 58


I input
O output
- feature not present
+ feature present
++ feature present and comparatively extensive or sophisticated
PE Protein Explorer { #52} is a Web application based on RasMol
SG only surfaces and only on Silicon Graphics
SD “screen door” transparency
DR displays results from other programs
PV non-interactive solid-color clip available via POV ray-tracer
2D arbitrary labels can be created and moved in the plane of the screen
SH only certain shapes (rectilinear boxes, spheres, ellipsoids)
FG via FirstGlance in Jmol (http://firstglance.jmol.org)
ST via STING { #56} (http://www.cbi.cnptia.embrapa.br/SMS/); (I) = Windows/Intel Linux only and only alignments from STING-
related databases
SA residues with topology files in the distribution (standard amino acids and a few others)
SM small structures only
SR residues in the AMBER 94 library { #77} (used in the ff94-ff99 versions of the force field)
ID interface to DelPhi { #75; #76} (obtained separately)
CL Coulomb’s law calculation
PB Poisson-Boltzmann calculation
AP interface to Adaptive Poisson-Boltzmann Solver { #74} (obtained separately)
NM via input to/output from NAMD { #73}
SP STRAP plug-in { #49}, http://www.charite.de/bioinf/strap/ (Java); according to the author, interfacing to RasMol and VMD may
only work on Unix, and only PyMol shows structure superpositions from STRAP (see
http://www.charite.de/bioinf/strap/pymol.html)
IG internally generated alignments
PW pairwise comparisons only; adjusts one sequence relative to one other
PO PDB-format input only
OD out-of-date user manual supplemented with mailing list and volunteer-provided tutorials and wiki
platforms: W Windows, M Macintosh, U Unix

ISMB 2008: Introduction to Molecular Visualization 59


Backup
RasMol { #53; #54} : http://www.bernstein-plus-sons.com/software/rasmol/
Jmol { #32}: http://jmol.sourceforge.net/
PyMol { #29}: http://pymol.sourceforge.net/
Deep View (Swiss-Pdb Viewer) { #51}:http://ca.expasy.org/spdbv/
VMD { #24}: http://www.ks.uiuc.edu/Research/vmd/
DINO { #55}: http://www.dino3d.org/
Molmol { #48}: http://hugin.ethz.ch/wuthrich/software/molmol/

ISMB 2008: Introduction to Molecular Visualization 60

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