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    Sludge Thickening

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    Sivaprashadr Dr.NGP Itech
    The document discusses different sludge thickening processes commonly used in wastewater treatment plants. These include gravity thickening, dissolved air flotation, rotary drum thickening, and centrifuge thickening. Gravity thickening uses circular tanks to concentrate thin sludges into denser sludge. Dissolved air flotation attaches air bubbles to solids to make them float. Centrifuges use centrifugal force for thickening. Rotary drum thickeners use a spiral screw to transport and thicken sludge inside a drum.

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    Sludge Thickening

    Uploaded by

    Sivaprashadr Dr.NGP Itech
    19 views16 pages
    The document discusses different sludge thickening processes commonly used in wastewater treatment plants. These include gravity thickening, dissolved air flotation, rotary drum thickening, and centrifuge thickening. Gravity thickening uses circular tanks to concentrate thin sludges into denser sludge. Dissolved air flotation attaches air bubbles to solids to make them float. Centrifuges use centrifugal force for thickening. Rotary drum thickeners use a spiral screw to transport and thicken sludge inside a drum.

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    The document discusses different sludge thickening processes commonly used in wastewater treatment plants. These include gravity thickening, dissolved air flotation, rotary drum thickening, and centrifuge thickening. Gravity thickening uses circular tanks to concentrate thin sludges into denser sludge. Dissolved air flotation attaches air bubbles to solids to make them float. Centrifuges use centrifugal force for thickening. Rotary drum thickeners use a spiral screw to transport and thicken sludge inside a drum.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    19 views16 pages

    Sludge Thickening

    Uploaded by

    Sivaprashadr Dr.NGP Itech
    The document discusses different sludge thickening processes commonly used in wastewater treatment plants. These include gravity thickening, dissolved air flotation, rotary drum thickening, and centrifuge thickening. Gravity thickening uses circular tanks to concentrate thin sludges into denser sludge. Dissolved air flotation attaches air bubbles to solids to make them float. Centrifuges use centrifugal force for thickening. Rotary drum thickeners use a spiral screw to transport and thicken sludge inside a drum.

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    of 16

    EN8592 – WASTE WATER

    ENGINEERING

    UNIT – 5 – SLUDGE TREATMENT AND


    DISPOSAL

    SESSION – 2 – SLUDGE THICKENING


    • Wastewater treatment plants commonly use thickening devices to
    increase the solids concentration at the end of a particular process step
    within the activated sludge process.

    • Thickening of sludge increases its solids content and reduces the volume
    of free water thereby minimizing the unit load on downstream processes
    such as digestion and dewatering.
    The most commonly used thickening processes include

    • Gravity thickening,

    • Dissolved air flotation, and

    • Rotary drum thickening.

    • Centrifuge thickening is also becoming more common. The type of


    thickening selected is usually determined by the size of a wastewater
    plant, its physical constraints and the downstream process.
    1. Gravity Thickening:
    • This process involves the concentration of thin sludges to more dense sludge

    in special circular tanks designed for this purpose.

    • Its use is largely restricted to the watery excess sludge from the activated

    sludge process.

    • It may also be used to concentrate sludge to primary tanks or a mixture of

    primary and excess activated sludge prior to high rate digestion.


    GRAVITY THICKENER DESIGN
    • A gravity thickener is similar to a conventional sedimentation tank in
    design, but has a more steep floor slope.

    • Tanks range from 6 – 20 m dia & side water depth (SWD) may vary from 3
    – 4 m.

    • Floor slope is varies from 1:4 to 1:6 depending upon the type of sludge,
    time required for thickening & storage volume to absorb peak solids load.
    The steeper slope reduces the raking problems by providing more gravity.
    Gravity Thickening
    2. Dissolved Air Floatation
    • The objective of flotation-thickening is to attach a minute air bubble to

    suspended solids and cause the solids to separate from the water in an

    upward direction.

    • This is due to the fact that the solid particles have a specific gravity lower

    than water when the bubble is attached.


    • Flotation thickening is most applicable to activated sludges but higher

    float concentrations can be achieved by combining primary with activated

    sludge.

    • Equal or greater concentrations may be achieved by combining sludges in

    gravity thickening units


    3. Centrifugation
    • Centrifugation has been demonstrated to be capable of thickening a variety of

    wastewater sludges.

    • Centrifuges are a compact, simple, flexible, self-contained unit.

    • They have the disadvantages of high capitals, maintenance and power costs

    and often a poor, solids-capture efficiency if chemicals are not used for bio

    sludges.
    • Centrifugal thickening is acceleration of sedimentation through the use of

    centrifugal force.

    • Centrifuges are commonly used for thickening WAS (Waste Activated Sludge).

    • Primary sludge is normally not fed to centrifuge as it may contain abrasive

    material.

    • In addition of being effective in thickening, they have additional advantage of

    less space requirement, less odour potential & housekeeping requirement.


    Centrifugation
    4. Rotary Drum Thickener
    The rotary drum thickener consists of the following components:

    • stainless steel structural frame,

    • sludge distribution system,

    • filtering drum,

    • filtering drum washing system,

    • drum drive system,

    • full set of covers,

    • electric control panel


    • Water flows out through surface of the drum and sludge is transported by the
    spiral screw along the drum and finally out from the end of the drum.

    • Sludge is led inside and through the drum over the flow edge.

    • The spiral screw transports the sludge along the drum and finally out from the
    drum.

    • The spiral screw mixes sludge slowly inside the drum so that water can come
    out from sludge very effectively.
    Rotary Drum Thickener

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