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Lesson 4 Ellipse

This document is a lesson on ellipses that defines key characteristics and concepts. It defines an ellipse as a set of points where the sum of the distances to two fixed points (foci) is constant. It discusses the standard form equation of an ellipse and how to sketch an ellipse using different methods. It also provides examples of finding attributes like foci, vertices and axes of example ellipses.

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45 views18 pages

Lesson 4 Ellipse

This document is a lesson on ellipses that defines key characteristics and concepts. It defines an ellipse as a set of points where the sum of the distances to two fixed points (foci) is constant. It discusses the standard form equation of an ellipse and how to sketch an ellipse using different methods. It also provides examples of finding attributes like foci, vertices and axes of example ellipses.

Uploaded by

jarenhndsm.placiego
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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ELLIPSE

L E S S O N 4

Precalculus Teacher: Ms. Rinalyn D. Saballe


Define ellipse and determine the standard form
equation of an ellipse

Precalculus Lesson 4: Ellipse


An ellipse is a set of all
coplanar points such that the
sum of its distances from two
fixed points is constant . The
fixed points are called the foci of
the ellipse.

Precalculus Lesson 4: Ellipse


Precalculus Lesson 4: Ellipse
Note:
• The longer axis is called major axis, the shorter is
called minor axis
• The major axis contains the foci
• The intersection of the two axes is called the center of
the ellipse.
• The center is the midpoint between the two foci, and
also the midpoint between two vertices.
• The ellipse intersects the major axis in two points
called the vertices of the ellipse.
Note:
• The intersection of an ellipse and the minor axis are
called covertices.
• The segment passing through a focus of the ellipse that
is perpendicular to the major axis is called a latus
rectum.
• A line parallel to the minor axis and has a less than or
the same distance from a vertex as the focus is the
directrix. The are two directrices.
Ways in sketching the graph of an ellipse:

• Pins-and-string method.
Ways in sketching the graph of an ellipse:

2.Trammel method.
Ways in sketching the graph of an ellipse:

3.Parallelogram method.
Ellipse with center at (0,0)
Characteristics of the graph of these ellipses:

Ellipse with foci on Ellipse with foci on


Center (0,0)
the x-axis the y-axis
2 2
𝑥 𝑦 2 2
+ 2=1 𝑥 𝑦
𝑎 2 𝑏 + 2=1
𝑏 2 𝑎
Equation Where
Where c= 𝑎2 − 𝑏 2 𝑎𝑛𝑑
c= 𝑎2 − 𝑏 2 𝑎𝑛𝑑
𝑎>𝑏
a>b

Vertices (±𝑎, 0) (0, ±𝑎)

Foci (±𝑐, 0) (0, ±𝑐)


Characteristics of the graph of these ellipses:

Ellipse with foci on Ellipse with foci on


Center (0,0)
the x-axis the y-axis
Equation: 𝑦 = 0 Equation: 𝑥 = 0
Location: on the x-axis Location: on the y-axis
Major axis
Length: 2a Length: 2a
Endpoints: (±𝑎, 0) Endpoints: (0, ±𝑎)
Equation: 𝑥 = 0 Equation: 𝑦 = 0
Location: on the y-axis Location: on the x-axis
Minor axis
Length: 2b Length: 2b
Endpoints: (0, ±𝑏) Endpoints: (±𝑏, 0)
Characteristics of the graph of these ellipses:

Ellipse with foci Ellipse with foci


Center (0,0)
on the x-axis on the y-axis
x-intercepts ±𝑎 ±𝑏
y-intercepts ±𝑏 ±𝑎
𝑎2 𝑎2
directrices x=± y=±
𝑐 𝑐
Characteristics of the graph of these ellipses:
Ellipse with foci on Ellipse with foci on
Center (0,0)
the x-axis the y-axis
Equation: 𝑥 = ±𝑐 Equation: y= ±𝑐
Direction: vertical Direction: horizontal
2𝑏2 2𝑏2
Latus rectum Length: Length:
𝑎 𝑎
Endpoints: (-c, Endpoints:
𝑏2 𝑏2 𝑏2 𝑏2
± ) 𝑎𝑛𝑑 (𝑐, ± ) (± , −𝑐) 𝑎𝑛𝑑 (± , 𝑐)
𝑎 𝑎 𝑎 𝑎
−𝑎 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 𝑎 −𝑏 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 𝑏
Permissible values
−𝑏 ≤ 𝑦 ≤ 𝑏 −𝑎 ≤ 𝑦 ≤ 𝑎
Find the coordinates of the foci and vertices, the endpoints
of the major axis, minor axis, and the latus rectum for each
ellipse whose center is at (0,0). Draw the ellipse, its focus,
and directrices.

𝑦2 𝑥2
a. + =1 𝑏. 9𝑥 2 + 16𝑦 2 − 144 = 0
36 20

Precalculus Lesson 4: Ellipse


Write the equation of the ellipse with center at the origin that
satisfies the given conditions. Draw the ellipse, its foci, and
directrices.
a. The foci have coordinates (±4,0) and a vertex at (5,0)
b. The length of the latus rectum is 8/5 and the vertices have
coordinates (0,-5) and (0,5).

Precalculus Lesson 4: Ellipse


END OF DISCUSSION
H AV E A G R E AT D AY A H E A D : )

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