Metallurgy involves extracting metals from their ores through various processes. Common ores include bauxite for aluminum, zinc blende for zinc, hematite for iron, and galena for lead. Key metallurgy processes include concentration to remove impurities from the ore, conversion of the concentrated ore to an oxide if not already an oxide, and then reduction of the metallic oxide to the pure metal. Common reduction methods are chemical leaching, thermal decomposition, and electrolytic reduction. The electrolytic reduction process involves depositing the pure metal onto the cathode through electrolysis while impurities settle on the anode.
Metallurgy involves extracting metals from their ores through various processes. Common ores include bauxite for aluminum, zinc blende for zinc, hematite for iron, and galena for lead. Key metallurgy processes include concentration to remove impurities from the ore, conversion of the concentrated ore to an oxide if not already an oxide, and then reduction of the metallic oxide to the pure metal. Common reduction methods are chemical leaching, thermal decomposition, and electrolytic reduction. The electrolytic reduction process involves depositing the pure metal onto the cathode through electrolysis while impurities settle on the anode.
Metallurgy involves extracting metals from their ores through various processes. Common ores include bauxite for aluminum, zinc blende for zinc, hematite for iron, and galena for lead. Key metallurgy processes include concentration to remove impurities from the ore, conversion of the concentrated ore to an oxide if not already an oxide, and then reduction of the metallic oxide to the pure metal. Common reduction methods are chemical leaching, thermal decomposition, and electrolytic reduction. The electrolytic reduction process involves depositing the pure metal onto the cathode through electrolysis while impurities settle on the anode.
Metallurgy involves extracting metals from their ores through various processes. Common ores include bauxite for aluminum, zinc blende for zinc, hematite for iron, and galena for lead. Key metallurgy processes include concentration to remove impurities from the ore, conversion of the concentrated ore to an oxide if not already an oxide, and then reduction of the metallic oxide to the pure metal. Common reduction methods are chemical leaching, thermal decomposition, and electrolytic reduction. The electrolytic reduction process involves depositing the pure metal onto the cathode through electrolysis while impurities settle on the anode.
Ocurvence of Melals. Mast of the mekals oceuA in the o Compounds Au and Pt OCs in he free metalie form.
Hinas : Natually ocusing Copounds al melol
mizad coith impiba .
om ohieh Ore: The nalurally ouai ng. mineah molal an be eatachd potlably and Conveniently qve Callel Oyes. Common AL. 2n and Pe Metal Common name chemical Name Pormula Bau tte Hudvad aluminium aide Ah.2H0 A1 Cryolite Sooium alum)nium Pluoide Nag Al Fe Covundum Aluminiurn oride Zinc blende Zinc sulphide Zine aarbonat Zhcoa alamine 2inc oaioe Zn0 Zincte Haemetite |Ton )0fole PezO2 Fe Hagnekte Tri irontatmide Prongyite Trodp hide FeSe ISpalhic ion ore Tun () a) Cavbonate Fe CO3
Mekallurgy: The oceg lnoleal in the extsachon oo
pure metals proeu om fhei; oYes. 1.4. Pulverisation: Cruth1ng of the Puwerlsationudar Procases involved duvtng Melaluygy Method ore into a fine Uied. Skep Process Concentration / Drerslng agne tc separabon Hydrayhe Mathad Remuvel h Flolahon Mothod of the ore *chmical Meho impurihe. |Concantrat to i) Calinahon |dxfole nee oxidy qve Cany to reolute. 4 Pocucthon ol mekalhe Elotaoyte veolueton. (ozides kiNa,CayMg A1) Oride fo melals. Thermal dewmjpoti don (oridu ofA Ba Rob Anigg impare 5 obtain puve mtal. MptlElectrehning I Concentralion of fhe ore DMagneke sepevabion: skpavadtion ol magnekc OYe (eeinoe) Am ron nagnehc gngue nagnehe OY
gargue om non magrehe
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dua drane n dansity ol partc les Dege ore
parhclas sette n groovey of aa viahng soped te ble washed g htes ergue parhcles doun B waen N) Chemical Method : sepavahon o! Ove anol gengue, by we of a cbo wica) e. Na oH - n Baayas proas duthg eatahon ol aluminium Convession of conuntatac Ore to awde Sap neewary if ore is not an oide, 9! con be done in Ju DofRoai ar hng: 1he procs of irabng am ore )n {he OYe the preence J2ns + 30, 2rn0 + SO, 4 Pes + la Fe Og + SSO2.
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a bene ok Dygan. Catborab ore.
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Tm Rocduchon of Melallie oudes to it Mekal. (mp sdey)
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eleaopoi bve an have leat athn
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V Rehnina inpre Melal tu pure Hefal -Eleedovehring
ke kn1ng impane metal Arda :Ahck blek of ve metl Calhde: Thin theet of puve melal. On elato lyis puve mekal is daposited at the cathole 'irmpaihea ettle daun frming anode mud. Tevms wed in metaluray: an be Matsiz) hangue: Imprities present in the ore
auole baic Flux: chemical which io uoe uoed toto Yemove parhicles preoent in the eYe Slag: slag o the roolct fovmed wben fhuc Yea ct gue. 1f the gangue is aueic, then we shoulo aold a baic Aluoc ano vic Vessa aude flu1 Si O2 +Ca0 Hgot Slag banie gargus. aachon of a melal Smelting: 94 in a proun ofOre by a procas, imolu" Rom oasted oide veauun and a pouph ayea a moth ! biab a o thal amerati the mefal prudueol Prudlive ma
&o Ct achon ot luminiu). eatiat eatsats d mtt main ore om bauztte, Aluminium is AuO.H¡o. Boutte conteind 60% A403 the and btanjum c°le. Sandl, eme oile rest beng 1 onntrahon o the ore: Bountto is piked by Basyess prou. Ore is teah Powderea ore wth hot Conentab lbetion of! sblim hohide. Aluminiumn Aluminium iode preent so in bauclle olisolueo forming Jolu ble Jodlium alumi nak.(ha Ara) hi Tho ko callel leathing. pnhe removaa Ale ratsh. Impurides Yemaln unafkead sinee are not amphoauie oocaHila +3 H,0 ISDdooc
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precpi fatz ANOHD
NaoH t Al-D, The pI H), pecipilata Alkrahon. anel heabd o to yje lo pue alumina
Skp Convexkon of Conantralad ore fo oxide -not
an 0de hcede Sinu the Oye in ahudy Shp m Re otuchon ol Mealle ozPde. by elautoly'c vealuchon -by 4ell Heroules Proeey
Gncgbite Gnade (Halkn Al, + Molkne Aurinl LMalko Alumniuy las imon tank cuith a sloping botom Aedend call Aveckangu iD the botfom uby om the the removal o molken Auminiuy de tl i Oned with Gas cavbor. This tank. qhe cal lIning ati au the cathode Graphile md upnlal in fhe ela duolyi ate as the anode puve molkn e ano /s a miti re do ) Flyonpar (he mo lkn elactoly by el tial heahng A lowuo ltae uenk lous Vollag. prewont dorompoi/on of elloly) then he Alowing reat hony wil! tak pae
au At catho in the molten Here A io Avmeol th in APt+3¢A} lath ine dhe prwalling mp in melal the eleetodyllc call in aoe which -4e0 is above he mp o AI(s60c) popak The Oa Ame base med at the anoole ortdines qrophike be the anodles have Henu a o co an co to eploual petoli cally. is coveud with a melals ’ 1he surthe of eactalyh daisable coke! Loye of owdausl burning of anode other - too prevent redue buvni, heala by zaliahon. estain (Nag IA) is useal to lowes the kuion tomp. -’Cyplode adoing, t 4rocand enhanes o ALo, Aom dofoe to
by otain conaluchvty Pluorspa (a) and Nag AiAIF alts at a Solven to repaved a for0. They also inerease conaluchuy, fpoor conaluctor o electsit poportron bulb in atached to the utt bulb A 1f the syply o alum)na io will glo boighty substane Over in the elataolylic miztare. he othes to appmoptake eledaolyko. The boh elecbolyl arve thang alumina hauld be alelad tha eletsolyte A/ oblaine y this methol 9spure. -Alloy mietue ol uo 0Yor moYe An allos ço a homageneus mekals one oY more mefal with utain non mekallee eloment metal Y|Ause Brone Brass Stoinless Solder Duvalumin Ally steelFe Zn (soo), ShPb (9) Sn Cu C Corn | (As), (0s), Ms HnAl position ((s (s%) o (40-20%) (S (iQo Ni s ,C)y), ) u (0s M (-9 (o-) skength tenile Hrmeleng gh pont,dow attracion Havd luwtrous Hard , Austrous|Reano ally'tor , hard
Cadoff, I. B., Miller, E., Egli, P. H., & Balise, P. L. (1961) - Thermoelectric Materials and Devices and Thermoelectricity. Physics Today, 14 (5), 52-52
Cadoff, I. B., Miller, E., Egli, P. H., & Balise, P. L. (1961) - Thermoelectric Materials and Devices and Thermoelectricity. Physics Today, 14 (5), 52-52
