Lab Manual CS403P – Database Management

Systems (Practical)
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Lab No. Lab Topic
No.

1 Lab 1: Installation of Microsoft SQL Server 2

2 Lab 2: Context Level DFD (Data Flow Diagram) 23

3 Lab 3: Entity Relationship Diagram 25

4 Lab 4: Super type and subtype in the ERD (Entity Relationship Diagram) 27

5 Lab 5: Relational Database 28

6 Lab 6: ERD to RDM 29

7 Lab 7: Relational Algebra Operations 30

8 Lab 8: Normalization (2NF) 33

9 Lab 9: Normalization (3NF) 36

10 Lab 10: SQL Queries (Create and Insert) 38

11 Lab 11: SQL Queries 40

12 Lab 12: SQL Queries (Select, Group By and Having clause) 43

13 Lab 13: Joins 45

14 Lab 14: Indexes 47

15 Lab 15: Views 49

16 Lab 16: Views (Continued) 50

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 Lab 1
Lab Title: Installation of Microsoft SQL Server

Problem Statement

You are required to install any version of Microsoft SQL Server in your system according to
your system and operating system requirements.

Installation Steps:

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Mechanism to Conduct Lab:

Lab will be conducted via Google Meet / Zoom.

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 Lab 2
Lab Title: Context Level DFD (Data Flow Diagram)

Problem Statement

Lemon Soda Service

“Thela”, lemon soda offering company has decided to take orders online. By using this online
system customer can place the order and view receipt generated by system. Order is
prepared/processed and sent to delivery man. The delivery man will deliver order and receive
payment form the customer. After receiving payment, the delivery man can update status in the
system as payment received.

Identify the External Entities and processes from the above scenario and draw:

 Context Level DFD

 Level 0 DFD

Solution:

Context Level DFD

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Level 0 DFD

Mechanism to Conduct Lab:

Lab will be conducted via Google Meet / Zoom.

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 Lab 3
Lab Title: Entity Relationship Diagram

Problem Statement

Lemon Soda Service

“Thela”, lemon soda offering company has decided to take orders online. Customer places the
order online and at the time of delivery pays the bill. Order is prepared and delivered by the
delivery man to the customer. Customer pays the bill to the delivery man.

Perform the following tasks on the given scenario:

 Identify Entities.
 Identify the attributes of the entities.
 Identify the relationships between the entities.
 Draw the Entity Relationship diagram from the information extracted in first three tasks.

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Solution:

ERD:

Mechanism to Conduct Lab: Lab will be conducted via Google Meet / Zoom.

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 Lab 4
Lab Title: Super type and subtype in the ERD (Entity Relationship Diagram)

Problem Statement
Lemon Soda Service

“Thela”, lemon soda offering company has decided to take orders online. Customer places the
order online and at the time of delivery pays the bill. Order is prepared and delivered by the
delivery man to the customer. Customer pays the bill to the delivery man.

Customer and Delivery man both are the person. Introduce the concept of super type and subtype
in the ERD drawn in Lab 3.

Solution

Mechanism to Conduct Lab:

Lab will be conducted via Google Meet / Zoom.

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 Lab 5
Lab Title: Relational Database

Problem Statement
Consider the following relation scheme of “Candidate” entity in the domain of Election
Commission of Pakistan (ECP).

Candidate Scheme = (CandName : Text , Constituency : Text , Age : Number , Qualification :

Text )

You are required to perform the following task:

1. A database relation having 4 tuples.

2. Represent the database relation created in 1 as a two dimensional structure called Table.

Solution:

1. Database relation:
Candidate = { (Rana Maqsood, NA-45, 40, BA) , (Sohail Khan, NA-16, 55, MA), (Shiraz
Hussain Dar, NA-21, 37, MS) ,(Asad Ullah, NA-65, 35, M.Sc) }

2. Table
CandName Constituency Age Qualification

Rana Maqsood NA-45 40 BA

Sohail Khan NA-16 55 MA

Shiraz Hussain Dar NA-21 37 MS

Asad Ullah NA-65 35 M.Sc

Mechanism to Conduct Lab:

Lab will be conducted via Google Meet / Zoom.

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 Lab 6
Lab Title: ERD to RDM

Problem Statement
You are required to transform the following ERD (Entity Relationship Diagram) to Relational
Data model using the transforming/mapping rules taught in the video lectures and handouts. You
also have to show the primary keys and foreign keys.

ERD:

Solution:

Customer (CusID, CusName, CusAddress)

Order (OrderID, OrderDate, Details, CusID, EmpID)
Bill (BillID, TotalPrice, CusID, EmpD, OrderID)
DeliveryMan (EmpID, EmpName)

Mechanism to Conduct Lab: Lab will be conducted via Google Meet / Zoom.

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 Lab 7
Lab Title: Relational Algebra Operations

Problem Statement
Consider the following two relations:

Employee 1:

EmpName Designation Age Salary

Khalid Khan Director 38 65000

Tariq Khan Supervisor 27 16000

Sadiq Amin Account Officer 28 28000

Shabir Hussain Manager 35 40000

Tanveer Ahmad Admin Officer 30 30000

Farooq Clerk 25 12000

Employee 2:
EmpName Designation Age Salary

Farukh Lecturer 27 25000

Waqar Shah Assistant Professor 35 45000

Jibran Akhtar Network Admin 28 27000

Yasir Zaib HR Manager 35 42000

You are required to perform the following relational algebra operations.

1. σ Salary >20000 (Employee 1)

2. σ Salary <40000 (Employee 2)
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 3. Π EmpName, Salary (Employee 2)
4. Employee 1 U Employee 2

Solution:

1
EmpName Designation Age Salary

Khalid Khan Director 38 65000

Sadiq Amin Account Officer 28 28000

Shabir Hussain Manager 35 40000

Tanveer Ahmad Admin Officer 30 30000

2
EmpName Designation Age Salary

Farukh Lecturer 27 25000

Jibran Akhtar Network Adin 28 27000

3
EmpName Salary

Farukh 25000

Waqar Shah 45000

Jibran Akhtar 27000

Yasir Zaib 42000

4
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 EmpName Designation Age Salary

Khalid Khan Director 38 65000

Tariq Khan Supervisor 27 16000

Sadiq Amin Account Officer 28 28000

Shabir Hussain Manager 35 40000

Tanveer Ahmad Admin Officer 30 30000

Farooq Clerk 25 12000

Farukh Lecturer 27 25000

Waqar Shah Assistant Professor 35 45000

Jibran Akhtar Network Adin 28 27000

Yasir Zaib HR Manager 35 42000

Mechanism to Conduct Lab:

Lab will be conducted via Google Meet / Zoom.

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 Lab 8
Lab Title: Normalization (2NF)

Problem Statement
You have studied the concept of normalization (and different normal forms) in this course.
Following relation is already in First Normal Form. You are required to convert it into Second
Normal Form using the techniques you have studied so far.

EmpID Name DeptName salary CourseTitle DateCompleted

101 Latif Marketing 35000 Advertising 15/03/2010

101 Latif Marketing 35000 Survey 15/03/2010

103 Mukhtar Accounting 47000 MS Excel 10/06/2011

104 Zafar IT 57000 Oracle 18/04/2009

104 Zafar IT 57000 Java 14/09/2007

106 Nasir Finance 70000 Investment 19/08/2008

107 Ali Marketing 35000 Advertising 15/03/2010

107 Ali Marketing 35000 ecommerce 21/05/2012

The above relation contains different redundancies. The relation can be expressed in a shorthand
notation as follows:

EMPLOYEE (EmpID, Name, DeptName, Salary, CourseTitle, DateCompleted)

The above relation contains a composite primary key of EmpID and CourseTitle. The
functional dependencies in this relation are as follows:

EmpID  Name, DeptName, Salary

EmpID, CourseTitle  DateCompleted

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Solution:

All the partially dependent attributes are removed and placed in another relation when a relation
is converted from 1NF to 2NF. The decomposition must satisfy one of the following conditions.

A relation will be in 2NF if any of the following conditions are met:

1. The primary key consists of only one attribute

2. No non-key attributes exist in the relation
3. Every non-key attribute is functionally dependent on the full set of primary key attributes.

The EMPLOYEE relation can be divided into two relations EMPLOYEE and COURSE as
follows:

EMPLOYEE (EmpID, Name, DeptName, Salary)

EmpID Name DeptName Salary

101 Latif Marketing 35000

103 Mukhtar Accounting 47000

104 Zafar IT 57000

106 Nasir Finance 70000

107 Ali Marketing 35000

COURSE: (EmpID, CourseTitle, DateCompleted)

EmpID CourseTitle DateCompleted

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 101 Advertising 15/03/2010

101 Survey 15/03/2010

103 MS Excel 10/06/2011

104 Oracle 18/04/2009

104 Java 14/09/2007

106 Investment 19/08/2008

107 Advertising 15/03/2010

107 ecommerce 21/05/2012

The primary key in EMPLOYEE relation consists of only one attribute. It satisfies the first
condition. The attribute DateCompleted in COURSE relation is fully functionally depends on
whole composite key. It satisfies the third condition. It means that both relations are in second
normal forms.

Mechanism to Conduct Lab:

Lab will be conducted via Google Meet / Zoom.

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 Lab 9
Lab Title: Normalization (3NF)

Problem Statement
Following relation is already in Second Normal Form. You are required to convert it into Third
Normal Form using the techniques you have studied so far.

CustomerID Name SalesMan Region

11 Hamza Khalid South

21 Shoaib Umair West

31 Shahbaz khalid South

44 Salman Zulfiqar East

51 Rizwan Umair West

61 Farooq Uzair North

The relation can be expressed in a shorthand notation as follows:

SALES (CustomerID, Name, SalesMan, Region)

The attribute CustomerID is used as primary key. Each salesman is assigned a unique region.
The above relation contains the following functional dependencies:

CustomerID Name, SalesMan

SalesMan Region

The above relation is in 2NF because the primary key consists of single attribute. A transitive
dependency exists in the relation. The Region (a non-key attribute) is dependent on another non-
key attribute (SalesMan) and SalesMan is functionally dependent on CustomerID. It means that
region is transitively dependent on CustomerID.

Solution:

Transitive dependency exists if a non-key attribute depends on any other non-key attribute.
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The transitive dependency can be removed by decomposing the above relation into two relations
as follows:

CustomerID Name SalesMan

11 Hamza Khalid

21 Shoaib Umair

31 Shahbaz khalid

44 Salman Zulfiqar

51 Rizwan Umair

61 farooq Uzair

SALES (CustomerID, Name, SalesMan)

SalesMan Region

Khalid South

Umair West

Zulfiqar East

Uzair North

SALESMAN (SalesMan, Region)

Both relations are now in 3NF. There is no transitive dependency in these relations.

The determinant attribute in transitive dependency becomes the primary key in SALESMAN
relation.

Mechanism to Conduct Lab:

Lab will be conducted via Google Meet / Zoom.

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 Lab 10
Lab Title: SQL Queries (Create and Insert)

Problem Statement

Consider the following tables:

Teacher:

TeacherID Name Office Phone Salary Email

T001 Dr. Najma F001 9125 150000 [email protected]

Waheed

T002 Dr. Nouman F003 5291 175000 [email protected]

Masood

T003 Dr. Farhana Khan F001 9222 125000 [email protected]

Class:

ClassID CourseCode DayofWeek StartTime EndTime Venue

A001 CS403 Monday 09:00 AM 10:00 AM A Block

B002 CS301 Tuesday 09:00 AM 10:00 AM B Block

C003 CS201 Monday 10:30 AM 12:00 PM C Block

Consider the above given tables and perform the following Tasks;

1. Write the query to create the above tables in SQL Server.

2. Insert the records given in the above tables.

Solution:

CREATE TABLE Teacher(

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TeacherID varchar(5) primary key,
Name varchar(30),
Office vrchar(10),
Phone smallint,
Salary int,
Email varchar(20)

);

CREATE TABLE Class(

ClassID varchar(5) primary key,
CourseCode varchar(10),
DayofWeek varchar(10),
StartTime time,
EndTime time,
Venue varchar(10)
);

INSERT INTO Teacher(TeacherID, Name, Office, Phone, Salary, Email)

VALUES('T001','Dr. Najma Waheed','F001', 9125, 150000,'[email protected]');

INSERT INTO Teacher(TeacherID, Name,Office, Phone, Salary, Email)

VALUES('T002','Dr. Nouman Masood','F003', 5291, 175000,'[email protected]');

INSERT INTO Teacher(TeacherID, Name, Office, Phone, Salary, Email)

VALUES('T003','Dr. Farhana Khan','F001', 9222, 125000,'[email protected]');

INSERT INTO class(ClassID, CourseCode, DayofWeek, StartTime, EndTime, Venue)

VALUES('A001','CS403','Monday', '09:00:00', '10:00:00','A Block');

INSERT INTO class(ClassID, CourseCode, DayofWeek, StartTime, EndTime, Venue)

VALUES('B002','CS301','Tuesday', '09:00:00', '10:00:00','B Block');

INSERT INTO class(ClassID, CourseCode, DayofWeek, StartTime, EndTime, Venue)

VALUES('C003','CS201','Monday', '10:30:00', '12:00:00','C Block');

Mechanism to Conduct Lab:

Lab will be conducted via Google Meet / Zoom.

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 Lab 11
Lab Title: SQL Queries

Problem Statement
Given are the tables of Teacher and Class:

TeacherID Name Office Phone Email

T001 Dr. Najma Waheed F001 9125 [email protected]

T002 Dr. Nouman F003 NULL [email protected]

Masood

T003 Dr. Farhana Khan F002 9222 [email protected]

T004 Dr. Tayyaba Ali F005 9325 [email protected]

T005 Mr. Nouman F006 9145 [email protected]

Ahmad

T006 Mr. Waqass F004 NULL [email protected]

Raheem

ClassID CourseCode DayofWeek TimeStart TimeEnd Venue TeacherID

A001 CS403 Monday 09:00 AM 10:00 AM A Block T003

B002 CS301 Tuesday 09:00 AM 10:00 AM B Block T005

A001 CS304 Tuesday 14:00 PM 15:00 PM A Block T002

C003 CS201 Monday 10:30 AM 12:00 PM C Block T006

C003 CS301 Friday 12:00 PM 13:00 PM C Block T005

B005 CS403 Friday 12:30 PM 14:00 PM B Block T003

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Consider the above given tables and perform the following Tasks;

1. Display all the records of the class whose start time is between 09:00 and 12:00
2. Retrieve the details of teachers with first name Dr.
3. On which days classes of CS403 are scheduled at 09:00 AM?
4. List down the Subjects which are taught in B Block.
5. Select the course code from Class table, avoiding the duplicate values.
6. Display all the records of the class whose start time is 09:00 or 12:00 and end time is less
than 14:00

Solution:
1:

Select *
From Classes
Where StartTime Between '09:00' and '12:00'

2:
Select * from Teacher
Where Name Like 'Dr.%'

3:
Select DayofWeek
From Classes
Where CourseCode='CS403' AND StartTime='09:00'

4:
Select CourseCode
From Classes
Where Venue='B Block'

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5:
Select distinct CourseCode

From Classes

6:
Select *
From Classes
Where (StartTime='09:00' OR StartTime='12:00') AND EndTime<'14:00'

Mechanism to Conduct Lab:

Lab will be conducted via Google Meet / Zoom.

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 Lab 12
Lab Title: SQL Queries (Select, Group By and Having clause)

Problem Statement
Teacher:

TeacherID Name Office Phone Salary Email

T001 Dr. Najma F001 9125 150000 [email protected]

Waheed

T002 Dr. Nouman F003 5291 175000 [email protected]

Masood

T003 Dr. Farhana Khan F001 9222 125000 [email protected]

Class:

ClassID CourseCode DayofWeek StartTime EndTime Venue

A001 CS403 Monday 09:00 AM 10:00 AM A Block

B002 CS301 Tuesday 09:00 AM 10:00 AM B Block

C003 CS201 Monday 10:30 AM 12:00 PM C Block

Consider the above given tables and perform the following Tasks;

1. Count the number of teachers

2. Count the unique courses from Classes table
3. List subject-wise classes according to earlier end time.
4. Calculate the average salary of the teachers sitting in the same office with office not null.

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Solution:

1:
Select count(*) from Teacher;

2:
Select count(distinct CourseCode) As All_Courses
from Class;

3:
Select Min(EndTime) As Late_Classes
from Class
GROUP BY CourseCode;

4:

Select AVG(Salary)
From Teacher
GROUP BY Office
Having Office IS NOT NULL;

Mechanism to Conduct Lab:

Lab will be conducted via Google Meet / Zoom.

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 Lab 13
Lab Title: Joins

Problem Statement

TeacherID Name Office Phone Email

T001 Dr. Najma Waheed F001 9125 [email protected]

T002 Dr. Nouman F003 NULL [email protected]

Masood

T003 Dr. Farhana Khan F002 9222 [email protected]

T004 Dr. Tayyaba Ali F005 9325 [email protected]

T005 Mr. Nouman F006 9145 [email protected]

Ahmad

T006 Mr. Waqass F004 NULL [email protected]

Raheem

ClassID CourseCode DayofWeek TimeStart TimeEnd Venue TeacherID

A001 CS403 Monday 09:00 AM 10:00 AM A Block T003

B002 CS301 Tuesday 09:00 AM 10:00 AM B Block T005

C003 CS201 Tuesday 14:00 PM 15:00 PM A Block T002

D004 CS501 Monday 10:30 AM 12:00 PM C Block T006

E005 CS401 Friday 12:00 PM 13:00 PM C Block T005

F006 CS402 Friday 12:30 PM 14:00 PM B Block T003

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Consider the above given tables and apply the following types of joins:

1. Inner join
2. Full Outer join
3. Right Outer join
4. Left Outer join

Solution:

1. SELECT * FROM Teacher INNER JOIN Class ON

Teacher.TeacherID=Class.TeacherID;
2. SELECT * FROM Teacher FULL OUTER JOIN Class ON
Teacher.TeacherID=Class.TeacherID;
3. SELECT * FROM Teacher RIGHT OUTER JOIN Class ON
Teacher.TeacherID=Class.TeacherID;
4. SELECT * FROM Teacher LEFT OUTER JOIN Class ON
Teacher.TeacherID=Class.TeacherID;

Mechanism to Conduct Lab:

Lab will be conducted via Google Meet / Zoom.

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 Lab 14
Lab Title: Indexes

Problem Statement

Consider the following table:

TEACHER:

TeacherID Name Office Phone Email

T001 Dr. Najma Waheed F001 9125 [email protected]

T002 Dr. Nouman F003 NULL [email protected]

Masood

T003 Dr. Farhana Khan F002 9222 [email protected]

T004 Dr. Tayyaba Ali F005 9325 [email protected]

T005 Mr. Nouman F006 9145 [email protected]

Ahmad

T006 Mr. Waqass F004 NULL [email protected]

Raheem

You are required to perform the following tasks:

1. Write SQL query to create a UNIQUE INDEX on the “TeacherID” column of the given
table in Descending order.
2. Write SQL query to create a UNIQUE INDEX on the “Name” and “Office” columns of
the given table in ascending order.

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Solution:

CREATE UNIQUE INDEX Teacher_Index1

On TEACHER (TeacherID DESC);

CREATE UNIQUE INDEX Teacher_Index2

On TEACHER (Name, Office ASC);

Mechanism to Conduct Lab:

Lab will be conducted via Google Meet / Zoom.

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 Lab 15
Lab Title: Views

Problem Statement
Class:

ClassID CourseCode DayofWeek TimeStart TimeEnd Venue TeacherID

A001 CS403 Monday 09:00 AM 10:00 AM A Block T003

B002 CS301 Tuesday 09:00 AM 10:00 AM B Block T005

C003 CS201 Tuesday 14:00 PM 15:00 PM A Block T002

D004 CS501 Monday 10:30 AM 12:00 PM C Block T006

E005 CS401 Friday 12:00 PM 13:00 PM C Block T005

F006 CS402 Friday 12:30 PM 14:00 PM B Block T003

You are required to write an SQL query to create a “View” on this table having ClassID,
CourseCode and Venue columns. Furthermore, the view would have information for only those
classes conducted in the “A Block” venue.

Solution:

CREATE VIEW Class_View AS

SELECT ClassID, CourseCode, Venue
FROM CLASS
WHERE Venue='A Block';

Mechanism to Conduct Lab:

Lab will be conducted via Google Meet / Zoom.

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 Lab 16
Lab Title: Views (Continued)

Problem Statement
Consider the following table:

Products:

ProductName Purchase_Price Sale_Price Stock_Qty

Bread 20 25 50

French Pastry 17 25 35

Slice 20 25 20

Large Cake 50 60 30

Dairy Cream Cake 40 47 40

Pastry 10 15 70

Biscuit 15 20 45

Rolls 25 30 65

Lays Chips (small size) 18 20 115

Lays Chips (Medium size) 47 50 100

Lays Chips (Large size) 92 100 80

You are required to write an SQL query to create a “View” on this table having ProductName,
Sale_Price and Stock_Qty columns. Furthermore, the view would have information for only those
products having Sale price greater than the average sale price in the given table.

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Solution:

CREATE VIEW Product_View AS

SELECT ProductName, Sale_Price, Stock_Qty
FROM Products
WHERE Sale_Price > (SELECT AVG(Sale_Price) FROM Products) ;

Mechanism to Conduct Lab:

Lab will be conducted via Google Meet / Zoom.

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