Day 2

Prof. Soma Das

Department of Computer Science and Engineering
Institute of Engineering & Management, Kolkata
MATLAB Variable
MATLAB Variables
MATLAB Variables
 MATLAB Datatypes
• Numeric Types - Integer and floating-point data
• Characters and Strings - Text in character arrays and string
arrays
• Dates and Time - Arrays of date and time values that can be
displayed in different formats
• Categorical Arrays - Arrays of qualitative data with values from
a finite set of discrete, nonnumeric data
• Tables - Arrays in tabular form whose named columns can have
different types
• Timetables - Time-stamped data in tabular form
 MATLAB Datatypes
• Structures - Arrays with named fields that can contain data of varying types
and sizes
• Cell Arrays - Arrays that can contain data of varying types and sizes
• Function Handles - Variables that allow you to invoke a function indirectly
• Map Containers - Objects with keys that index to values, where keys need
not be integers
• Time Series - Data vectors sampled over time
• Data Type Identification - Determine data type of a variable
• Data Type Conversion - Convert between numeric arrays, strings and
character arrays, dates and times, cell arrays, structures, or tables
 Numeric Types

• Numeric classes in MATLAB® include signed and

unsigned integers, and single-precision and double-
precision floating-point numbers. By default, MATLAB
stores all numeric values as double-precision floating
point. (You cannot change the default type and precision.)
You can choose to store any number, or array of
numbers, as integers or as single-precision. Integer and
single precision arrays offer more memory-efficient
storage than double precision.
• All numeric types support basic array operations, such as
indexing, reshaping, and mathematical operations.
 Double
• double is the default
numeric data type
(class) in MATLAB®,
providing sufficient
precision for most
computational tasks.
Numeric variables are
automatically stored as
64-bit (8-byte) double-
precision floating-
point values.
Double- Syntax of creation
Knowing the class
What is single and double precision?

• Single-precision floating-point format uses 32 bits of

computer memory and can represent a wide range of
numerical values. Often referred to as FP32, this
format is best used for calculations that won’t suffer
from a bit of approximation.
• Double-precision floating-point format, on the other
hand, occupies 64 bits of computer memory and is
far more accurate than the single-precision format.
Double precision vs Single precision

• Use the realmin and

realmax functions
to display the
minimum and
maximum positives
values that can be
represented in
double precision.
Double precision vs Single precision

• Display the
minimum and
maximum
positive values
that can be
represented in
single precision.
 Cast
• B = cast(A,newclass) returns the data in A converted to
the data type (class) newclass, where newclass is the name
of a built-in data type compatible with A. Any values in A
that are outside the range of newclass are truncated in B
to the nearest endpoint.

• When converting a floating-point number to an integer,

the cast function rounds the number to the nearest
integer. If the floating-point number has a fractional part
of exactly 0.5, then it rounds away from zero to the
integer with larger magnitude.
 Cast - Example

• Convert int8
values to uint8. -
Define a vector
of 8-bit integers.
Convert a to
unsigned 8-bit
integers. The –5
value outside the
range of uint8 is
truncated to 0.
Convert vector to existing datatype
 Convert matrix to existing datatype

• Create a 2-by-3 matrix of zeros whose elements are

32-bit unsigned integers.
• Create a 2-by-2 sparse matrix of the data type
double.
• Convert A to the same data type and sparsity as the
variable p.
Convert matrix to existing datatype
 Typecast

• Convert data type without changing underlying data

• Y = typecast(X,type) converts the bit patterns of X
to the data type specified by type without changing
the underlying data. X must be a full, noncomplex,
numeric scalar or vector.
Typecast
 Query Type and Value
• allfinite - Determine if all array elements are finite
• anynan - Determine if any array element is NaN
• isinteger - Determine whether input is integer array
• isfloat - Determine if input is floating-point array
• isnumeric - Determine whether input is numeric array
• isreal - Determine whether array uses complex storage
• isfinite - Determine which array elements are finite
• isinf - Determine which array elements are infinite
• isnan - Determine which array elements are NaN
 isNaN

• TF = isnan(A) returns a logical array containing 1

(true) where the elements of A are NaN, and 0 (false)
where they are not. If A contains complex numbers,
isnan(A) contains 1 for elements with either real or
imaginary part is NaN, and 0 for elements where
both real and imaginary parts are not NaN.
 Example

• Create a row
vector and
determine
which
elements are
NaN.
 Steps to replace NaN values

• Create an array and find the elements with NaN

values.

• Index into A with TF to access the elements of A

that are NaN. Replace the NaN values with 0.
Before replacement
After replacement
 Task

• Explore all the query types and set example for each
Reference -
https://in.mathworks.com/help/matlab/numeric-
types.html
 Numeric value limits
• eps - Floating-point relative accuracy
• flintmax - Largest consecutive integer in floating-point format
• Inf - Create array of all Inf values
• intmax - Largest value of specific integer type
• intmin - Smallest value of specific integer type
• NaN - Create array of all NaN values
• realmax - Largest positive floating-point number
• realmin - Smallest normalized floating-point number
 Characters and Strings
Character arrays and string arrays provide storage for text data in
MATLAB®.

• A character array is a sequence of characters, just as a numeric

array is a sequence of numbers. A typical use is to store short
pieces of text as character vectors, such as c = 'Hello World'.

• A string array is a container for pieces of text. String arrays

provide a set of functions for working with text as data. You
can create strings using double quotes, such as str = "Greetings
friend". To convert data to string arrays, use the string function.
 String arrays

• string - String array

• strings - Create string array with no characters
• join - Combine strings
• plus - Add numbers, append strings
 String
• You can represent text in MATLAB® using string arrays.
Each element of a string array stores a sequence of
characters. The sequences can have different lengths
without padding, such as "yes" and "no". A string array
that has only one element is also called a string scalar.

• You can index into, reshape, and concatenate string arrays

using standard array operations, and you can append text
to them using the + operator. If a string array represents
numbers, then you can convert it to a numeric array using
the double function.
 Creation

• You can create a string scalar by enclosing a piece of

text in double quotes
• To create a string array, you can concatenate string
scalars using square brackets, just as you can
concatenate numbers into a numeric array.
Split string and find unique word
• To find the unique words in a string, split it on space characters
and call the unique function.

• First, create a string scalar.

• Remove the exclamation point.
• Convert all letters in str to lowercase characters.
• Split str on space characters using the split function. split
discards the space characters and returns the result as a string
array.
• Find the unique words in str using the unique function.
Output
 Task

• Split the following string and find Unique words

“Oh My God!!! Tell me the midsem examination is not
taking place this month. Please !! It will be a disaster if the
midsem examination takes place this month”
• Show output of each step
• Copy paste the string given in the slide. Was there any
word which got repeated? If yes why? How can you avoid
that repeatation?
Size of string
 Task

• Find the length of the following string “'Is there a

way we can postpone the exam?'”
 Convert cell array

• Convert a cell array of character vectors to a string

array.
• To access the second element in the first row of str,
index using smooth parentheses. You can access
strings in a string array with matrix indexing, just as
you would access elements of a numeric array.
Example
Convert Numeric Array
 Task

• Explain what difference will be displayed by a

Numeric array and it’s corresponding String array
• Do a vice –versa of this operation i.e take a create a
string array in which each element represents a
number and then convert it to a numeric array.
[Hint: use the double function]