Integration Formulas - Trig, Definite Integrals - Class 12

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Integration of Trigonometric Functions, Properties of Definite Integration are all mentioned here.

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Integration Formula Sheet - Chapter 7 Class 12 Formulas - Part 7

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Basic Formula
1. ∫x n = x n+1 /n+1 + C
2. ∫cos x = sin x + C
3. ∫sin x = -cos x + C
4. ∫sec 2 x = tan x + C
5. ∫cosec 2 x = -cot x + C
6. ∫sec x tan x = sec x + C
7. ∫cosec x cot x = -cosec x + C
8. ∫dx/√ 1- x 2 = sin -1 x + C
9. ∫dx/√ 1- x 2 = -cos -1 x + C
10. ∫dx/√ 1+ x 2 = tan -1 x + C
11. ∫dx/√ 1+ x 2 = -cot -1 x + C
12. ∫e x = e x + C
13. ∫a x = a x / log a + C
14. ∫dx/x √ x 2 - 1= sec -1 x + C
15. ∫dx/x √ x 2 - 1= cosec -1 x + C
16. ∫1/x = log |x| + c
17. ∫tan x = log |sec x| + c
18. ∫cot x = log |sin x| + c
19. ∫sec x = log |sec x + tan x| + c
20. ∫cosec x = log |cosec x - cot x| + c

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Practice Basic Formula questions - Part 1 and Basic Formula questions - Part 2.

Integrals of some special function s

1. ∫dx/(x 2 - a 2 ) = 1/2a log⁡ |(x - a) / (x + a)| + c
2. ∫dx/(a 2 - x 2 ) = 1/2a log⁡ |(a + x) / (a - x)| + c
3. ∫dx / (x 2 + a 2 ) = 1/a tan (-1) ⁡ x / a + c
4. ∫dx / √(x 2 - a 2 ) = log |"x" + √(x 2 -a 2 )| + C

5. 1.∫dx / √(a 2 - x 2 ) = sin-1 x / a + c

6. ∫dx / √(x 2 + a 2 ) = log |"x" + √(x 2 + a 2 )| + C

Check Practice Questions

Integrals by partial fractions

1. (px + q) / ((x - a) (x - b)) = A/(x - a) + B / (x - b)

2. (px + q) / (x - a) 2 = A/(x - a) + B / (x - a) 2

3. (px 2 + qx + r) / (x - a) (x - b) (x - c) = A / (x - a) + B / (x - b) + C / (x - c)
4. (px 2 + qx + r) / ((x - a) 2 (x - b) ) = A / (x - a) + B / (x - a) 2 + C / (x - b)
5. (px 2 + qx + r) / (x - a) (x 2 + bx + c) = A / (x - a) + (Bx + C) / (x 2 + bx + c)
Where x 2 + bx + c can not be factorised further.

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Integration by parts

1. ∫𝒇(𝒙) 𝒈⁡(𝒙) 𝒅𝒙 = 𝒇(𝒙) ∫𝒈 (𝒙) 𝒅𝒙− ∫(𝒇 ' (𝒙) ∫𝒈(𝒙) 𝒅𝒙) 𝒅𝒙

To decide first function. We use

I → Inverse (Example sin (-1) ⁡x)

L → Log (Example log ⁡x)

A → Algebra (Example x 2 , x 3 )

T → Trigonometry (Example sin 2 x)

E → Exponential (Example e x )

2. ∫ex [f (x) + f ′(x)] dx = ∫ex f(x) dx + C

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Other Special Integrals

1. ∫√ (x 2 - a 2 ) dx = x / 2 √(x 2 - a 2 ) − a 2 / 2 log |x + √(x 2 - a 2 )| + C
2. ∫ √( x 2 + a 2 ) dx = x / 2 √(x 2 + a 2 ) + a 2 / 2 log |x +√(x 2 + a 2 )| + C

3. ∫ √( a 2 - x 2 ) dx = x / 2 √(a 2 - x 2 ) + a 2 / 2 sin 1 x / a + C

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Integral of the form ∫ (px+q) √( ax 2 + bx + c ) dx

We solve this using a specific method.

1. First we write
px + q = A (d(√(ax 2 + bx + c))/dx) + B
2. Then we find A and B
3. Our equation becomes two seperate identities and then we solve.

Some examples are

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Area as a sum

∫a→b f (x) dx = (b - a) (lim) (n→∞) 1 / n (f (a) + f (a + h) + f (a + 2h)…+ f (a + (n - 1) h))

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Properties of definite integration

1. P 0 : ∫a→b f(x) dx = ∫a→b f(t) dt
2. P 1 : ∫a→b f(x) dx = -∫b→a f(x) dx .In particular, ∫a→a f(x) dx = 0
3. P 2 : ∫a→b f(x) dx = ∫a→c f(x) dx + ∫c→b f(x) dx
4. P 3 : ∫a→b f(x) dx= ∫a→b f(a + b - x) dx.
5. P 4 : ∫0→a f(x)dx = ∫0→a f(a - x) dx
6. P 5 : ∫0→2a f(x) dx = ∫0→a f(x) dx + ∫0→a f(2a - x) dx
7. P 6 : ∫0→2a f(x) = {(2∫0→a f(x) dx, if f (2a - x) = f (x) , if f (2a - x) = -f(x))
8. P 7 : ∫(-a)→a f(x) = {(2∫0→a f(x) dx, if f(-x) = f(x), if f ( -x) = -f(x)

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