Interview Questions

31 May 2022 20:32

Java 8:

➢ What are the changes done to Java 8 interface ?

 Introduction of Static and default methods
➢ What is the need or what is the advantage of having the default methods
in interface in Java 8
 Backward compatibility.
➢ Can we override default method of interface ?
➢ What is the advantage of static methods in Java 8 interface ?
 Utility method or null check.
➢ How to call default method present in interface ?
 InterfaceName.super.methodName()
➢ How to call static method present in interface ?
 InterfaceName.methodName()
➢ What is functional interface ?
 It's an interface which has 1 abstract method and it can have any
number of static and default methods also it should be annotated
with @functional Interface
➢ What is lamda and what are the advantages of Lamda ?
 Lamda enables functional programming
 Anonymous inner class can be replaced by lamda
 Reduced code
➢ What is functional programming ?
 Passing the functionality as method argument
➢ What happens when we write more than 1 abstract in interface for which
already lamda expression is present (If the interface is annotated with
@functional interface)?
 Compilation error during writing the second abstract method
 If there is no @functional interface annotation then it allows to write
more than 1 abstract method but compilation at the place lamda
expression
➢ What is the difference between interface and functional interface ?
 Difference is only in number of abstract methods. Functional
interface will have only 1 abstract method, where as interface can
have any number of abstract methods.
 Both can have any number of default and static methods
➢ What are the different functionals interfaces introduced in Java 8.
 Predicate, Supplier, Consumer, Function
➢ What is Stream ?
 Java.util.Stream -> it's an interface.
➢ What is the advantage of Stream ?
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➢ What is the advantage of Stream ?
 It can be used to perform operation on the collection.
➢ How to create the stream ?
 Stream.of(array)
 CollectionObject.stream()
 Stream.of(directly providing the array values)
➢ What are the changes introduced in collection in Java 8 ?
 forEach, removeIf
➢ Write a stream code to delete the duplicates from array List
 Here List object is h-> h.stream().distinct().collect(Collectors.toList())
➢ Write a stream code to delete the duplicates from array list which has
Department object
 Here List object is h-> h.stream().distinct().collect(Collectors.toList())
and override hash code and equals method
➢ Write a program to sort the Array List which has user defined data
(Department Object)?
h.stream.sorted((d,d1)->d.getDepId()
<d1.getDepId()).collect(Collectors.toList())
➢ Write a Stream program to convert the array into List
 Array is int[] x={10,11,2,4,5,6,7};
 Stream.of(x).collect(Collectors.toList());
➢ Write a Stream program to convert the Employee Array into Map (Map
should have key as Emp id and value as Emp Object)
Employee[] e={new Employee("Karthik",10),new
Employee("Ashok",13)}
Stream.of€.collect(Collectors.toMap(p->p.getId(),p->p))
➢ What is the difference between map and flat Map ?
 Map provides one to one mapping
 flatMap provides one to many mapping
 If you want to convert List<List<Employee>> to List<employee> - then
u go for flat map
 List<Employee> -> EmpId as key and value as emp Object then go for
Map
➢ Write a stream program to get minimum, maximum, average salary of an
employee (given employee array)
 l.stream().min(comparator).get() -> Min salary
 l.stream().max(comparator).get() -> Max salary Or
 l.stream().collect(Collectors.summerizingInt())
 DoubleSummaryStatistics d
=empList.stream().collect(Collectors.summarizingDouble((e)->e.getEmpSalary()));
➢ What is difference between intermediate operation and terminal
operation
 Intermediate operation doesn't provide output until terminal
operation is called
➢ What is short circuit operation ?
It comes under terminal operation and based on the value it stops

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  It comes under terminal operation and based on the value it stops
the execution immediately
➢ What is the difference forEach and forEachOrdered ?
 forEach is not ordered in case of parallel stream
 forEachOrdered is ordered in case of parallel Stream
 For the foreachOrdered method if the input is ordered object output
is ordered else it can follow any order
➢ What are the examples of intermediate operation ?
 Filter, map, sorted, distinct
➢ What are the examples of terminal operation ?
 forEach, collect, min, count, max
➢ What is the difference between limit and skip methods of Stream ?
 Limit will limit the elemnts
 Skip will skip elements and do the operation afterwards
➢ What is optional ?
 Optional is a class in Java 8 which is introduced to over come null
pointer exception
➢ How to create the optional object ?
 Optional.ofNullable(null or not null value):
 Optional.ofNullable(null)
 Optional.ofNullable(10)
 Optional.ofNullable(new Employee("karthgik"))
➢ What is Local Date Time or Local Date or Local Date ?
 New Date and time objects in java 8
➢ How to get current date and time using the LocalDateTime class ?
 LocalDateTime.now()
➢ Array List consists of 5 employees and Write a lamda to sort the employee
by last name.
 Collections.sort(l,(e1,e2)->e1.getLastName().compareTo(e2.getLastName()));
➢ Print all the employees whose name starts with c ?
 l.stream().filter(p->p.startswith("c")).forEach(p->sysout(p))
➢ Print all the employees using the enhanced collections in Java 8
 forEach
➢ What is MetaSpace? How does it differ from PermGen?

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 PremGen: MetaData information of classes was stored in PremGen (Permanent-
Generation) memory type before Java 8. PremGen is fixed in size and cannot be
dynamically resized. It was a contiguous Java Heap Memory.
MetaSpace: Java 8 stores the MetaData of classes in native memory called
'MetaSpace'. It is not a contiguous Heap Memory and hence can be grown dynamically
which helps to overcome the size constraints. This improves the garbage collection,
auto-tuning, and de-allocation of metadata

➢ What are functional or SAM interfaces?

 Functional Interfaces are an interface with only one abstract method.

Due to which it is also known as the Single Abstract Method (SAM)
interface. It is known as a functional interface

➢ Can a functional interface extend/inherit another interface?

 A functional interface cannot extend another interface with abstract

methods as it will violate the rule of one abstract method
 It can extend only marker interface (or) if it extends any other
functional interface which has 1 abstract method then in child we
should not write any abstract method
 Out of n interfaces if we are performing inheritance then only 1
abstract method should be present

➢ It can extend other interfaces which do not have any abstract method and
only have the default, static, another class is overridden

➢ Given a list of integers, find out all the even numbers exist in the
list using Stream functions?

 List<Integer>myList
=Arrays.asList(10,15,8,49,25,98,32);myList.stream().filter(n ->n%2==
0).forEach(System.out::println);

➢ Given a list of integers, find out all the numbers starting with 1 using
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➢ Given a list of integers, find out all the numbers starting with 1 using
Stream functions?

 List<Integer>myList
=Arrays.asList(10,15,8,49,25,98,32);myList.stream().map(s ->s +"")//
Convert integer to String.filter(s ->
s.startsWith("1")).forEach(System.out::println);

➢ Given a list of integers, find the total number of elements present in the
list using Stream functions?

 List<Integer>myList
=Arrays.asList(10,15,8,49,25,98,98,32,15);longcount
=myList.stream().count();System.out.println(count);

➢ Given a list of integers, find the maximum value element present in it

using Stream functions?

 List<Integer>myList =Arrays.asList(10,15,8,49,25,98,98,32,15);intmax
=myList.stream().max(Integer::compare).get();System.out.println(ma
x);

➢ Write a Lamda to Sort the given numbers ?

 List<Integer> list = Arrays.asList(57, 38, 37, 54, 2);

list.stream()
.sorted()
.forEach(System.out::println);

➢ Write a Program to sort the elements in decending order ?

 List<String> strings =
Arrays.asList("Stream","Operations","on","Collections");
strings.stream()
.sorted( (s1, s2) -> s2.length() - s1.length() )
.forEach(System.out::println);
 Strings.stream().sorted(collections.reverseOrder()).forEach()
➢ How to write the method reference for a Static method ?
ClassName::MethodName
➢ How to write method reference for instance method ?
 ObjectName::MethodName
➢ How to write method reference for constructor ?
 ClassName::New
➢ How to create local date with values ?
 Of() method of LocalDate
➢ Is the Local date class immutable ?
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➢ Is the Local date class immutable ?
 yes
➢ What is the advantage of orElse() or OrELseGet() method of Optional
class ?
 If we want to replace the Null with a specific String value then we go
for OrElse()
 You can get the default value using OrElseGet(supplier)
➢ What is the difference between findAny() and findfirst() ?
 If it is ordered then first element will be returned by findfirst or
findANy
 If it is not ordered output can be anything.
➢ Write a Program to sort hashmap by keys using Stream ?
 Refer to the code mentioned in telegram group
➢ Write a program to Sort hashmap by values using Stream ?
 Refer to the code mentioned in telegram group

Java 9
➢ What is Jshell ?
 Jshell is Repl tool
➢ Why Java 9 doesn't have rt.jar ?
 Because from Java 9 onwards java follows modular approach
➢ What is the difference between module and Jar ?
 Module contains extra file called module-info.java
➢ What principle does Jshell follow ?
 REPL: Read, Evaulate, Print, Loop
➢ What are the advantages of Jshell ?
 Developer firendly
➢ What is snippet in Jshell ?
 Any valid java statement, variable declarion or method, or interface
or class
➢ What is the command to know all the snippets in Jshell
 /list -all
➢ What is scratch variable ?
 It is something which is create by Jshell
➢ What is the command to see all the methods in Jshell ?
 /methods
➢ How to delete the method or variable in Jshell ?
 /drop snippetId
➢ What is inactive snippet ?
 /list - Active snippets
 /list -all - inactive
➢ How to list all active and inactive snippets ?
➢ What is the command to see all the interfaces and classes present in
Jshell ?
/types

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  /types
➢ How to edit the content in Jshell ?
 /edit
➢ How Many modules present in Jdk 9 ?
 98
➢ What is the base module in Jdk 9 ?
 Java.base
➢ What does module-info.java contains ?
 Module description, exports, requires etc
➢ Explain the project architecture with multiple module ?
 Look at the example code
➢ How to access one module code in another module ?
 Exports packageName in 1 module and which ever module is using
then it should requires PackageName
➢ What is the difference between requires and requires transitive ?
 Requires transistive-> compile time
 Requires both compile and run time
➢ What is the difference between Qualified export and exports ?
 Export PackageName -> will be visible for all the mdoules
 Export packageName to module1, module2 -> this package will be
visible for only module 1 and module 2 packages
 To reduce the visibility of a module we go for Qualified exports.
➢ What is try with resource ?
 Generally we close the resource in finally block, but with the help of
try with Resource JVM will close the resource automatically without
mention finally block
➢ What is the change performed in try with resource in Java 1.9 ?
 Local variable reference can be accepted in Java 1.9 try() block
 Bufferread r1, bufferReader r2
 Try(r1,r2) -> This is possible in java 1.9
➢ What is the change performed for diamond operator in java 1.9 ?
 We can use diamond operator for Anonymous innerclass
➢ What is takeWhile() ?
 Same as Limit method but the difference is limit will take number and
takewhile will accept predicate -> if performs the operation till the
condition is satisfied. Once the condition is failed it will stop
➢ What is dropWhile()?
 Same as Skip() but the difference is skip() will take number and
dopwhile will take predicate -> it ignores the data till the predicate is
satisfied once fails then does the operation
➢ Write a Stream program to display the employees whose salary is <10000
using takeWhile()
 empList.Stream.takeWhile(p->p.getSalary>10000).forEach() ->
➢ What is the difference between takeWhile and filter?
 Filter will execute through out the stream
Takewhile will execute till the predicate is true. Once the predicate
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  Takewhile will execute till the predicate is true. Once the predicate
fails then it will stop the execution and doesn't apply that condition
to the rest of the stream.
➢ Write a program to create the immutable collection object without Java
9?
 List<Integer> c= new ArrayList<Integer>();
 c.add(10);c.add(20);
 I want make C as immutable object ->Collections.unmodifiableList();
➢ Write a program to create the immutable collection object with Java 9?
 List.of(arguements);
 Set.of(arguements)
➢ What happens if you perform add or remove on immutable collection ?
 Runtime Exception-> Unsupported Exception
➢ Is it possible to declare same package in different modules ?
 No.
➢ What is the advantage of modularity or module-info.java in Java 9 ?
 Security,
 Jar size will be reduced.
 JVM will check for dependencies before start of the program so there
is no way we get no class def error from Java 9
➢ Write a program to close the specific task ?
 Process API->
 ProcessHandler pr=ProcessHandler.of(taskId)
 Pr.destory();
➢ Write a program to display all the running processes ?
 ProcessHandler pr=ProcessHandler.allProcesses()
➢ Write a program to open eclipse using java program or start the process
using java 9 Process API?
 ProcessBuilder("exepath").start()
➢ What is the advantage of having the private methods in interface ?
 Reusability of code present in interface
➢ Can you access interface private method outside of interface ?
 No

Java 11
➢ Can you execute a program without compilation ?
 Yes from java 11, we can execute the program using the below
command and it does the compilation internally
 Java className.java (Example: java Test.java)
➢ What is the difference between trim() and strip() method in Java 11
 strip() method uses Character.isWhitespace() method to check if the
character is a whitespace. This method uses Unicode code points
whereas trim() method identifies any character having codepoint
value less than or equal to ‘U+0020’ as a whitespace character
➢ What are the changes to predicate in Java 11 ?

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➢ What are the changes to predicate in Java 11 ?
 Not method
➢ What are the file changes
 readString and Write String
➢ What are the String API changes
 isBlank(), isEmpty(), Strip(), leadingString(), tralingStrip(), lines()
➢ What are the collection API changes ?
 toArray()
➢ What is local variable var and how can we use it in lamda ?

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