Relation Wi : e must valvieet way to expres & relationship docluee ® Cements of vwo acs uw do we ordered pains made “W> of duo elated elements. For tain ease, sets of Orderecl pairs — are ealled binary weLatiovu * Depiuition + Dobikod 5 otek pond Bante debe, .A, binary Bilao © rom A to B % subset of AXB 4 re RCAXB wh e 4. tu Oy & a membut of elation, then we day CuypeR whier means x 4 elated soy or Ry o Tp ue not Kelated toy. then we 404 Cayo FR or act A (Univeral elation) ay A velatiow on sed A stelalroty fr A to A A wa aubset Relation eu \n otievwoords & Jelabere on a set of AXA- , . Example A = 82 B4Y A Deft nelotingR = fae) |e divides bY Re Lusty > (yay 9 flys (29 ads (3, DG} 7 4 Sf R CAKBRE vey > R=fouyd | x€A and yes and gecy / te Trp ot 3-T . s Ania relatow ited Trina openation sets) a oncarg ot nelatvon x An Cortera product of 7 Re A, XA” ay R= [Cm oe? x) | wie atgsie ny ae Null tel ation bSAXKA tonyHous _. _ a many, Helations ane there 4rom get A do Set B with OY lAl=m—~ and [Bl=n holt dahon 4 ndahow is aubsel of AXB. AXB has IAL IBI element (ordered par) Saxe has mxm cemeuils The number iL erent Helatioin UB tus aie . number of subsets B (= 3 Power set Pof axB) and u given by. t P(AxB) |= oleh on nh ” elemesils? QB: How mmny vielalib ane thore ou a det wi J lalen => IAxAL=N™ . nr Die o's Total relatos = 2 Ex. Mota number of vielatroru OH. % get with 3 elements : = eta sin Amu. Domain and. Range: kek R Ip R wa Melatiow yrom 4et A to set B- gotnen abuttifuat temponest of giement of R called cu clomaty R a $ CabyeERY : of R te called b& Exanaglei= let’ Ae Bay and Oe ABAE sek ee LC) FY Domain of R> wu2y - ai e AR: 434 Example of Helou except m sets ip wi Ter BR be a Aa Heal vaumbens HY pollo wing alo neato Wegeup ER AYER A Mtg 734@ Properties of Relation + zz A ° ure a se Aw neflexive wy (ajajer @ PBepenive.- A nelalio for att acR oR R is Hefrexive on hk <> WY) ( crea) > E®) ality Relatiou Exomplee GE qu Testify oo eimset neation 4H Ha ews ue ately devs thaw welotuow i) dtyaiedy Lem trae equal to relation o b Atruzall qrestt Bran €9 ? w 7: cabrically greater, thor ‘elation wi ty de om wu a nelsttow (viii) ffm ts cal : iy cd OW sevitt) but jy, avanti ane auat) Hepler dagnvalid atalement 5 + perpendicular Answers berause § 3 Styne ate “> ® A Reratiow on if Co) CR whenever WWER AK Examples > * Lim & anprametric on eLy\m abo ne eo = » 4 aACR oUt pga” mot, agrameie a 1or bet 2t) wy f " i R pad A salle grant ve OER ate (aoeR ® Trowsitives- A nelodien if (ape and (or Fat Fs ES Woe tramitve Helalon tion & nol Transitive Wy => 2 but perpersical an telatAub ; , eT ® MB byremebne >— A Helation R on ow set A &’ celled » 7 Amtiaynmedric, Up aioe aw (ba) GR ' ®: a oR: if AER and WoaVER =p a= le Note “Othe dems dywemele aurel autisymmebie OM ot, Opposites , ercamwe a pelatrow *A% we both of Arse pavportier or way lock both oF chem. Ba a = ty then deutity relation Te = fas 2.9 27) vohieh 1% 4 Wyette | as well a ant -aymmedic: } \deutity Actation’” Relation R ts depimed oA by R= oud \ ¥ eEAY ® pe tuysy Re LUns LaDy iD Neth faba Nur syyrametine @, A. delat corer. . ond. ebue uk Aputaws some ayb- form (ab) , avn? ane Nalivides” selatiow OM set of positive “anbeg ens Auestiow'- + . aymmebie & Tb ae Guabsywmedue fo sen Hin sHelatiore is ve syne ceruse Af2, hut 274: Iku cuatinyrrnvncinit yA Ura aud b or posdive siateg ers ust alo ame Blas thee a= bs 5 : a\b = a divides b Question towider Aoltovoma nulation \ > on guu3isy Re [O!d 5 Cyd, CAP > Cayapgtd, CUD Y Roe UO" ar SCUNyy oe =] Lay (2th (ar) 02} BBs OH), C4) F t3)1), (3) > Cd, On > (43) Rye Plan R52 Cry 5 U2) 9 C3) 9 CN (22) 043), C29) (3) 3)9C34)s oo CauuryRye $3, Wlentify anes Hexive , dymm etal o sae 4 yromebe ,-Audigyrnmebie vel Tens Rejirive “Ra ands eet metic “Ra and Ra Dyctuyamelric Ry RS aud Re Tramifive Ry Bs and Re Question 2. ctoveider Thee pelalious Re gta [ose & telewtity he Roz Laid) \ a7by mepierive , Aaya 3 Paz { Cred \aab or a2 -%Y Antlyenm ca Transthve polaes Rue t (aw) = by Re= {ca jasbrly Re = Uta) jatbesy pa ayn! By Re Ry and Rs Tramaave —* a a amd Ry Combis tov : Let einer weraiovt 4rom A do B Oe aubsels of AXB2 duwo retatrovs mn & BR Or be Combin' an mumbe voays “te tembing #weo ads Example Let a citinet and B= past tne Hetero Riz Fo aMt and Rez i 02 Cuz) CW 399 cy cau be sombul ota yy 5 C22 03,34 = yal) 9245 (3). 0) Fly2> CBi3vy ge BTR pew 9 cuad2 CHTe Rand $ suloliow (Lovmpotition of ive welatiow!) aet A toa 4B “ © det Rbe a rrlilion 4 ms Aue B tow aet C s . “1a. tompoitte of R oud Gp pe dulation eomirti et hue aA ACEC nen 4 Auth That Ordered pars ta,c) 5 which the cls pan element bEB HER and (w,cpes- We denote, Ve eomaposite of Rand § by SoR Examples What ds de towmpostte of Une wohere Rw Be relate from $1543 with, Re EUrgDd Crh) 1 C22) 9 3,13} Y g= PB aw Nedakon FO Tywusy eo TOY o uth $= FCO), (240) 963119 5 (32 HHH 2 Aol? = SoR = F (40), C9) > taybd C219) sc u 2 Cy ‘we set A The power. yulations R aed Ss 4 to qu2isay Befiwition See R be 6 jelation eM ery nett ane defturd recursively by . RR Rie Ree re oR RN RR 4 eUeh, Enmmple tbe Re {Uy BDU? Evnd dhe P . ry MEA” So%- Qe ReR= {Ov (aN) yas uy 3a RoR Fudinennene = Rtn Candy (3D wy RL RoR = Ay sca GB?) can Phat R= BR? 4or = set “Tp also -pollowF platen “R wn & ae A My BER for m=h23--- Theorem’- Av chaniitive 344 ip and ow' Pao Suppose RTER for NHN213-- lw pasticutlan RCR TE Cab) ER cp.creR a thew by oufinitew of ervuposiliow oye) € R™ . Sunt (ache RR > WdDER I ter Ru siti. fauae Je Ra travuitve bie nth prove 2 ae ee tat Re satin % Net aaah sHuorom od See Ww ame tat RIER where nis w poste en id) ex ude RM P tates Siuettem, Rts aap "Hane Ls an clement 2 “purl dhat (4,27 ER adh ley From tne duduclive Ry peth esi OER so (HMOIER x» eR awd (ey bER, wmplies a with XEA yer. Furr more @ (a,sd€R F 1 The Suet RMR ama covmplelus Lop Si oot + nelaLons usin raphy Cpictorial epr ® Diagry' P ‘ aoe ome ui Bb. vest lors sol qn Uae: a be Ef ordered Por weaued hy to ance). . “the vertex & b oe a aiid se el sae cage Cay) » amd dee veutr b iF called At vertex of tds | edge: 2 * a ordeed rae ain anager eQnry hha? Represent i . -euxtob n framed Graph A Arty ‘ot Aulatlon2 Mow co deteamine she tyre of Helatiom trom direst anv “ jexive » Having sett docp for tach ode a ° & 2. Suwwetine + Ip Tae 4 Symete > Tf! ere ds om edge trom a tv b then alte wut be pedge from b Po oe for all @b) ER kth) | | 3. - Anciapmmnebt e : bi. b wey equal or et e | a b a Repierive “ . Niet oe Ps Nee ab but ure . Saymmebte | Autisymmelit © pac and Not, awd. eine “Trent * becaune cage Not kransvhve ard gob yh bos but « o . au boe & Cad & Corb) , tout not Corb) fo edge from 3 aden vt neeentatrou © Adalat Twe sets ote qo vou Aone clemonls Az {daa e-- amy aie Bef bay -vbay iin Meteor ooMa = Maaix of Atlation R = [ougl man br, ba eee bn ne ere Her 4 a ai Rb; t Examples a Bm Ss Aeimyt Be fut Re LOHU 4 OHO» EW Y Mee ao =*{ 1 0 y|o (0 alo 4 OLX, mresentalient * ldentipiation of Antations sypt tsi Petals SAPS T «, AU dre elements i i ' pelation bs mapas panels diagonal oo one's then at Me ‘ daymmetrtc mada ae tte. subation must be + Tp. supe! and nF=O isp) dhe Helation & auctiqyenmebic ° “Teams tite pretation can't om alase by au omabix representa Vere Suppose dnok dre sulamon Row a sek & represenled toy tee a 3 aa . : sh ra RB neplexives ayn oN \3 a *| and [or andingumenie? o 1 2 . Aus. Because all Whe cagonals elermerils of He amcduix equal a dy Rb mM reninne = Moreover > Ma ce dypmetaie | feltovop that Rie Ayoamibric + Ste uralso easy te gee that RE an mst cls mam elete + : Expt Auppose dak se polarevs Ri and Ry Owe set A ore represented Joy wu manices — May = 1 Ot and Mazi eo! mmatnces sepresenting Snip [> ai} whol ont ae RvR. ond BOR. 2 Soi - z _fi o- ns meets = MY Ma” | F | - 10From 2th ini m she dlefinitiou of tu Booleaw prodiret » Q: Meon = Mr © Ms- S Find tne meactuix representing qu relation S oR, Wie Ale madres neprererteinn Rand S me aot -fo 10° menf 2 23] and Me fe | BE o 0 © 1 0 ne Ao Sn omobiin for SoR o t]fTo 4 oO 1 o|\o o 4 o ol|s 2 + | Mee = MRO Ms = xe) oe e faa 0-Daseh . aed +0-044-0 4-04 0-144-2 4p 44-0 40% 4-441-040-0 sor t-i4o bo 40-0 40-4 Ol + 0°040-0 o-D+ 0-140) =f overt J+ 040 oO Ort yu et O+o+Dd 1+ O+0 ortto\= lo 1 | o+D41 od Ot0+O oO +040 db 0 O uuivolenee Relation Bel" A Adieliow on o se A aw ealted ome Ajit u sreplenive , aymamebine aud Sonictive Examplel- Ret A athUsty and R&AAA ond Rb a aclalou ve iakensaRb <> ab & exaed! divisible by 2" check anethen Rie 0% euivale relation om A- Souctiows 3~ Akl ab & exactly divisible by 2 Ae wet 2 =i Tay 9 C2129 9 CBD? C's tay, C318) OI ay Clearly! act % we Neplerive > wimebrie ond Jravuibve | a | 4 Auletion ou. A + in equivalevrer dulalion om Lae Au of peal rum bet Example a- Let tbe Ae Auth Aba ote i aud only tf a-bu an as Ts Row Loyuiwalener dulariou 2 Aolution’, Because 0-0 =O uw an anteater for all dua] ADB - a, aRa ¥ act Hume Re suplediut:L-Intorseehoin of tue Helatin RAS is defined by Sav) | aRb and a5 bf Rns = ushete sane R and S° ane depind . by y= Cag] and Ms = Cog], the matrix ds en Pe aca and be®. es amabu ces of. thee titerrading Ras Maange fla + Ps. Taiz * big], whee the product epeuection bs performed on | element- wise amasttiplionion- : 2s Usui of Relations Mh. Wwubn of te Helabon RUS “Gs defined by emer Or asby Rus= (a,b) a> paovided ae A anal be B. ay ti, relations R’ andl ‘e agoed > aur. « aetkey Of die pelation = RUS peg eh following amatix Mpe = Mat s- Taig +l, 7 Whee “the sum of ne element Clelaite a de xules ; 4402 OFd=1s ataeh. Ot0=0,gf Seen of Actationg” The ly af tuo Aclationt 46 defirud as follows wot R\S= (layer | are avel, ast} 5 S\R= Fab) |"ARb and ash} Whee ab A and LEB. Ex'- Suppose Axfabed} ancl Bx §l,2,3- The dations RB and 6 have the form Rea flan, (2), C39, Cf S=£ Cand, CID »CeNd, Cdonf Thin ye elation cliffaence RIS and, S\R re geen by y — R\S= $c%,2) » CesDt S\R= Flo, CeyIDy 4: Syenmietete” Diff eren ee af Relaviow The symmetric Atpferener of tao binary Avlations Rand &- js divary Heleln alefintsl Oe > Ras = (RUSD\ CROS) or Rag = (RSD O(S\R) In previous example * RAS = } (b,2)$ erat v fb, w Con} eu = f (by), Cb), Cad, cesar}5 Complement of @ binary sulatbn Suppose that R uw a bm relation bls two sch A B- The tompl of Rover A and B * is R- flab) [rot arby usheore aén bEee~