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Reported Speech Slides For E Learning Pdf1661738385

This document provides information about reported speech, including: 1. It explains that reported speech is used to report what someone else has said by changing the direct speech into indirect speech, usually changing verb tenses and pronouns. 2. It provides examples of changes that are made in reported speech, such as changing verb tenses to one tense back, changing pronouns, and adjusting time and place references. 3. It also notes exceptions for certain reporting verbs like "say" and discusses other reporting verbs that can be used besides "said", "told", and "asked".

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abdullah farhan
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130 views25 pages

Reported Speech Slides For E Learning Pdf1661738385

This document provides information about reported speech, including: 1. It explains that reported speech is used to report what someone else has said by changing the direct speech into indirect speech, usually changing verb tenses and pronouns. 2. It provides examples of changes that are made in reported speech, such as changing verb tenses to one tense back, changing pronouns, and adjusting time and place references. 3. It also notes exceptions for certain reporting verbs like "say" and discusses other reporting verbs that can be used besides "said", "told", and "asked".

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abdullah farhan
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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LEARNING OBJECTIVES:

❑Understanding that reported


speech is one of the important
language features in News Item
❑Comprehending the sentences
that include Reported Speech
❑Using Reported Speech

REPORTED
contextually Adjusted to the
situation

SPEECH
We use reported speech to report what
someone had said. In other words, we
change the direct spech to indirect speech.

What did she say?


She said …..
When we change DIRECT SPEECH to REPORTED
SPEECH, we usually change the verb form to go
ONE TENSE BACK (OTB)
Change in Modals
NOTES FOR EXCEPTION:
• If the reporting verb (the main verb of the sentences,
e.g., said, is in the past, the verb in the noun clause will
usually be in a past form. If the reporting verb is simple
present, present perfect, or future, the noun clause verb is
not changed.
NOTES FOR EXCEPTION:

For example:
Changing pronouns, personal and possessive.
Pronouns change (or not) depending on the view of
the reporter

I ME MY WE US OURS
HE/SHE HIM/HER HIS/HER THEY THEM THEIR
DIRECT SPEECH: JOHN SAID, “I AM
COOKING”

REPORTED SPEECH: JOHN SAID


THAT HE WAS COOKING
TIME AND PLACE CHANGES
 It is often necessary to make time and place changes in relation
to tense changes.
THE EXAMPLES OF TIME CHANGING:

 “I saw Tom yesterday”.


 John said (that) he had seen Tom the day before.
 “I’m going to Liza’s party tonight.”
 María said (that) she was going to Liza’s party
that night.
Reporting Verbs
Said, told and asked are the most common verbs used
in indirect speech.
❖ We use “asked” to report questions:
I asked Lynne what time the lesson started.
❖ We use “told” with an object.
Lynne told me she felt tired.
❖ We use “said” without an object.
Lynne said she was going to teach online.
❖ If “said” is used with an object we must include “to”
Lynne said to me that she'd never been to China.
SAY & TELL

 TELL SOMEBODY (SOMETHING)


She told me her name.
NOT She said me her name.
 SAY SOMETHING (TO SOMEBODY)
We said goodbye to our cousins.
There are many other verbs we can use apart
from said, told and asked.

These include:

accused, admitted, advised, alleged, agreed, apologized,


begged, boasted, complained, denied, explained,
implied, invited, offered, ordered, promised, replied,
suggested and thought.
Questions to Reported Speech (WH Quesstions)
 Direct question: He said, “Where is she going?”
 Indirect question: He asked where she was going.

Changes;
❑ Tenses, pronouns and possessive adjectives, and adverbs
of time and place change as in statements.
❑ The interrogative form of the verb changes to the
affirmative form.
❑ The question mark is omitted in indirect questions.
Questions to Reported Speech (Yes/No)

“Can you pass me the salt?” she asked.


1. Subject + asked if / whether….
2. Inversion of the subject order
3. Change pronouns, time and place
expressions and tenses

“Is anyone there?” he asked


He asked if/whether anyone was there.
Commands, Requests, Advice and
Order in Indirect Speech
❖ Verb of command/request/advice + object + infinitive.
Direct command: He said, “Lie down,
Tom”.
Indirect command: He told Tom to lie
down.
❖ Negative commands, requests, advice and order are usually reported
by not + infinitive:
“Don’t swim out too far, boys”, I said
I warned/told the boys not to swim out too far.
Offers, Suggestions, Promise
and others in Indirect Speech
A. OFFERS:
“Shall I bring you some tea?”
He offered to bring me some tea.

B. SUGGESTIONS:
“Shall we meet at the theatre?
He suggested meeting at the theatre.
Exclamations in Indirect Speech
A. Exclamations beginning What (a) ... or How ... can be reported by:
exclaim/say that:
He said, “What a dreadful idea!” or “How dreadful!”
He exclaimed that it was a dreadful idea/was dreadful.

B. Good! Marvellous! Splendid! Heavens! Oh! Ugh! Etc;

“Good!” he exclaimed.

C. We could change the exclamation into a verb


He said, “Thank you!” He thanked me.
He said, “Good luck!” He wished me luck
Indirect Speech: MIXED TYPES
✓ “I don’t know the way. Do you?” he asked.

He said he didn’t know the way and asked her if she did/if she knew it.

✓ He said, “Someone is coming. Get behind the screen.”

He said that someone was coming and told me to get behind the screen.

✓ ‘Hello!’ my friend said to me. ‘How are you?’

My friend greeted me and asked how I was.


EXERCISES
I. Change the following sentences from direct to indirect speech.

1. ‘Congratulations! You have come first in the exams,’ the principal said to
me.
2. ‘What an expensive car he drives! said Steve’s neighbour.
3. “Yes, the economy is getting better” the journalist said
4. “You are the responsible of revealing hanna’s secrets” she said
5. The correspondent said :“the president will be here to inspect the damage”
6. ‘Hurry up!’ said Viru’s mother. ‘The bus will be here in a minute.’
7. He said to one of them: “Let me see the streets once more before I die. I’ll
be back in five minutes.”
8. My grandfather said, ‘May you have a long life!’
9. ‘How well you speak German,’ his teammate said.
10. Mr Jain said to his colleague, ‘Will you please drop me at the airport?’
11. “Would you mind telling me how to get to the art gallery, please?”
12. ‘Light travels in a straight line,’ the teacher said.
REFERENCES

1. Sorensen , Mary Nell. Grammar Part, accessed from


https://staff.washington.edu/marynell/grammar/r
eprtdsp.html on October, 2021

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