Architecture is usually conceived - designed - realized - built according to a set of criteria.

The act of creating architecture is

Design is first and foremost a deliberate action, a purposeful effort. Architecture as an art is more than just meeting the
purely functional needs of a construction program. Basically, the physiological manifestations of architecture embody
human activity. Form and space are presented not as ends in themselves, but as means of solving a problem in response to
conditions of function, purpose, and context—in fact, architecture. The basic elements, systems, and orders that make up a
work of architecture. All these components can be perceived and experienced. As we experience these forms around us, we
should be able to perceive the existence of essential elements such as points, lines, planes and volumes in their structures.A
point marks a location in space. Conceptually it is no length, width or depth and therefore static and centered, and no
direction.

POINT

A dot mark service as the main item in the format dictionary:

-The two ends of a line

-The intersection of two lines

-The meeting of lines at the corner of a plane or volüme

-The center of a field

However, when the point is moved off-center, its space becomes more aggressive and begins to compete for visual
supremacy. Visual tension is created between the point and its area.The point has no size.In order to visibly mark a position
in or on space, on the ground plane, a point must be projected vertically into a linear form. Any such columnar element is
seen in plan as a.point and therefore preserves the visual properties of a point.the line they define.and about their
symmetry. Because this axis can be eternal.the length may occasionally be more dominant than the defined line. Column
elements or two centralized points in space forms can define an axis, a list tool used throughout historyorganizing building
forms and spaces.On the plan, two points can indicate a passage describing the passage from one place to another.

LINE

Form a line by connecting or extending points. Conceptually, a line has length but no width or depth. Lines are one-
dimensional. Lines are a key element in forming any visual structure. Line; it can express direction, movement and size by
combining visual elements, delineating, cutting, defining surfaces. The characteristics of a line, whether it is tight or loose,
thick or thick, vague, graceful or irregular, are determined by our perception of its aspect ratio, its outline, and its degree of
continuity. Even simple repetitions of similar movements can be considered a line if they are continuous enough. Such lines
have structural properties. On the other hand, a vertical line can represent a state of equilibrium with gravity. Horizontal
lines represent balance and ground. Diagonal lines are formed by the deviation of vertical and horizontal lines.

Vertical linear elements such as columns, obelisks and towers have had important uses throughout history. Vertical linear
elements can also describe a transparent volume of space . Linear elements can perform structural functions. On a smaller
scale, lines refer to the edges and surfaces of planes and volumes. How these linear elements affect the texture of a
surface will depend on their visual density, spacing and orientation. The line may be an imagined element in architecture,
not a visible one. For example , axes that organize elements around it can be " axes " . Although architectural space is
three-dimensional, it can be linear in form to accommodate the movement path in a building and connect its spaces,
especially when they consist of repeating spaces organized along a circulation path.

Two parallel lines are sufficient to visually define a plane. A transparent spatial membrane can be stretched between them
to perceive their visual relationship. As these lines extend along the plane they define, the implied plane becomes real and
the original spaces between the lines become mere interruptions of the planar surface. the transformation of a series of
columns that initially supported part of the wall, then became square buttresses forming part of the wall plane, and finally
became the columnar remains of the original columns that appeared as reliefs on the wall. A row of columns supporting an
entablature – a series of columns – is often used to describe the public face or façade of a building, especially one that faces
large urban areas. In addition to the structural role they play in supporting the upper floor or roof plane, columns also
express the permeable boundaries of spatial spaces that intertwine easily with adjacent spaces. The linear elements of the
trellis and pergola provide modest definition and protection to the outdoors while allowing in filtered sunlight and breezes.

PLANE
When a line runs in a different direction, it becomes a plane. The plane has length and width but no depth. Its shape is its
defining feature. Since our perception of shape is distorted due to perspective, the real shape can only be understood when
viewed from the front. Planes define 3 dimensional form and volumes of space.

There are 3 types of planes: 1- overhead 2-wall 3-floor

The ground plane partially supports the entire architectural structure. The topographic character of the ground plane
affects the shape of the building rising above it. For example, the building can merge with the ground plane, sit on it, or rise
above it.

the ground plane can be modified to define the building (eg. raising, carving, cascading..) The ground plane must be
structurally sound and durable. It is also an important design element. The texture and density of the material affects our
walk on its surface.

The exterior wall planes of a building control the interior spaces by the configuration of the exterior wall planes along with
their openings. The outer wall planes are called facades. An important use of the vertical wall plane is as a support element
in the load-bearing wall structural system. Bearing walls define linear spaces. The wall plane can be joined to the floor or
ceiling plane or articulated as an isolated plane. Interior walls define and delimit the areas and rooms of the building.

While we have contact with the floor and wall planes, the ceiling plane remains further away and becomes a visual event in
a space. It can be raised, lowered, shaped to achieve the desired design. The roof plane is the main shelter and protection
element of a building and protects its interior from climatic elements. The geometry and material of the roof is important.
The roof plane can be shaped according to the design; It can be combined with walls or hidden from view.

A planar quality can be achieved by carefully introducing openings in between and at the corners to visually reveal the
edges of a building, bringing about changes in the overall form, material, color and texture in the vertical and horizontal
planes.

VOLUME

A plane extended in different directions from its own direction becomes a volume. Volume has three dimensions;

-length,

-width,

-depth.

The volume consists of:

Vertices: points where several planes meet

Edges: lines where two planes meet, lines joining vertices.

Planes(surfaces); boundaries of a volume

The first property used to describe volume is form. The shapes of the planes and their mutual relations determine the
boundaries of the volume.

According to the architectural design lexicon, a three-dimensional element can be a volume, an area in which mass is
displaced, or a space enclosed or enclosed by planes

Architecturally, volume can also be used as a piece of space defined by a wall, floor, roof, or ceiling, or as the amount of
space displaced by the mass of a building.

It is very important to perceive this duality when reading plans and sections.

-Plan and section: The area defined by the planes of the wall, floor and ceiling or roof

-Elevation: Space displaced by the mass of a building

Building forms standing as objects in the landscape can be read as volumes occupying space.

Building forms that act as containers can be read as masses that define volumes