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CE 605 - Assignment - 2

This document provides 10 statistics problems related to probability concepts such as sets, independent and dependent events, probability mass functions, and conditional probability. Readers are asked to calculate probabilities of events occurring based on given individual and joint probability distributions of random variables representing real-world scenarios like water sources, equipment functioning, wildfires, delivery failures, soil moisture, earthquakes, and more.

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26 views2 pages

CE 605 - Assignment - 2

This document provides 10 statistics problems related to probability concepts such as sets, independent and dependent events, probability mass functions, and conditional probability. Readers are asked to calculate probabilities of events occurring based on given individual and joint probability distributions of random variables representing real-world scenarios like water sources, equipment functioning, wildfires, delivery failures, soil moisture, earthquakes, and more.

Uploaded by

chaliseram23
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CE 605 – Applied Statistics

Assignment 2
Submission deadline: October 19, 2023

1. The list of fruits in two sets (X and Y) set is as follows:


Set X: Apple, Orange, Cherry, Tomato, Mango, Peach
Set Y: Orange, Lemon, Banana, Papaya, Cherry, Grape
(i) Determine the union, intersection, and complement of these sets.
(ii) Which fruit(s) needs to be removed from Set Y to make it a subset of Set X?

2. In a region highly dependent on agriculture, water sources for irrigation come from canal water,
groundwater, and rainfall. The probability of a drought affecting the region and causing the failure
of at least one of these water sources is 0.35. The individual probabilities of each water source
failing due to a drought are as follows: canal supply (0.05), groundwater (0.1), and rainfall (0.02).
The probabilities of simultaneous failures are as follows:
(i) The probability of both canal supply and groundwater failing simultaneously due to a drought
is 0.02.
(ii) The probability of both groundwater and rainfall failing simultaneously due to a drought is
0.04.
(iii) The probability of both canal supply and rainfall failing simultaneously due to a drought is
0.01.
Calculate the probability of all three water sources failing simultaneously due to a drought.

3. The probabilities that the rain gauge instruments at stations A and B will function uninterruptedly
for 20 months are 0.8 and 0.9, respectively. Proper functioning of the rain gauge instruments is
independent. Find the probability that in 20 months (i) both, (ii) neither, (iii) at least one, will be
in function.

4. In a forest, the occurrence of wildfires is influenced by two primary factors: lightning strikes and
campfires. The probability of a wildfire being ignited by a lightning strike is 0.02, and the
probability of a wildfire being ignited by a campfire is 0.05. However, if a campfire is present,
there is a 0.1 probability of a lightning strike causing a wildfire simultaneously. Determine:
(i) The overall probability of a wildfire occurring.
(ii) The probability that a wildfire is solely caused by lightning strikes.

5. The municipality of a city uses 70% of its required water from a nearby river and remaining from
the groundwater. There could be various reasons of not getting the required supply from either
source including pump failure, non-availability of sufficient water. If probability of shortage of
water from river is 0.3 and that from groundwater is 0.15, what is the probability of insufficient
supply of water to the city?

1
6. In a transportation company, the number of months per year when a vehicle experiences a
breakdown had the following distribution:

𝐵 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑥 = 0
𝑃 (𝑥 ) = 𝑒 + 6𝑥 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑥 = 1 𝑡𝑜 12
0 𝑜𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑤𝑖𝑠𝑒

(i) Find the value of B for 𝑃 (𝑥) to be a valid probability mass function.
(ii) Find the probability of more than 2 months a vehicle experiences the breakdown.

7. A restaurant offers two types of delivery services for its orders: in-house delivery and third-party
delivery. On average, 60% of the orders are delivered in-house, and the remaining 40% are
delivered through a third-party service. Occasionally, the restaurant faces issues that lead to the
failure of delivery. The probability of a delivery failure with in-house delivery is 0.25, while the
probability of a delivery failure with a third-party service is 0.1. What is the probability that there
is a delivery failure for an order made from the restaurant?

8. In an agricultural region, soil moisture levels are categorized into three states: 1,2, and 3. The states
of soil moisture for two different fields are represented by random variables X and Y, respectively.
The joint probability mass function of soil moisture categories (X and Y) for each state are as
follows.
X/Y 1 2 3
1 0.10 0.05 0.15
2 0.14 0.17 0.23
3 0.06 0.08 0.02

Determine:
(i) The marginal distribution of X.
(ii) The marginal distribution of Y.
(iii) The probability of X > Y.
(iv) The probability of Y being one state higher than X. (e.g., Y = X + 1).

9. The joint probability mass function of two random variables X and Y is

𝑏𝑦(5(𝑥 + 𝑦 )) + 4𝑥 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑥 = 1,2,3; 𝑦 = 2,4,5


𝑃 (𝑥, 𝑦) =
0 𝑜𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑤𝑖𝑠𝑒
What is the value of b to be a valid joint probability mass function?

10. Earthquakes in two regions are categorized into four different states (1, 2, 3, and 4). The four
categories are represented by two random variables X and Y for the two regions, respectively. The
joint probability mass function of earthquake categories (X and Y) for each state when X ≤ Y is
twice that for each state when X > Y. Determine the conditional probability of X when Y ≥ 2.

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