Programming and Problem Solving through Python Language

O Level / A Level

Chapter - 5: Sequence Data Types

Python Collections (Arrays)

There are four collection data types in the Python programming language:
 List is a collection which is ordered and changeable. Allows duplicate members.
 Tuple is a collection which is ordered and unchangeable. Allows duplicate members.
 Set is a collection which is unordered and unindexed. No duplicate members.
 Dictionary is a collection which is unordered, changeable and indexed. No duplicate
members.

Tuple

 A tuple is a collection which is ordered and unchangeable (immutable).

 The tuple is a datatype available in Python which can be written as a comma-separated
values (items). Optionally, you can put these comma-separated values between
parentheses also.
 Items in a tuple need not be of the same type.

Creating Tuple
tup1 = ( 'physics', 'chemistry', 1997, 2000)
tup2 = (1, 2, 3, 4, 5 )
tup3 = "a", "b", "c", "d"

To create a tuple with only one item, you have to add a comma after the item,
otherwise Python will not recognize it as a tuple.
thistuple = "apple", "mango"
print(type(thistuple))

thistuple = () Output
print(type(thistuple)) <class 'tuple'>
<class 'tuple'>
# a tuple with one item <class 'tuple'>
thistuple = ("apple",) <class 'str'>
print(type(thistuple))

#NOT a tuple
thistuple = ("apple")
print(type(thistuple))
Access Items
To access values in tuple, use the square brackets for slicing along with the index or
indices to obtain value available at that index.

tup1 = ['physics', 'chemistry', 1997, 2000]

tup2 = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 ]
print ("tup1[0]: ", tup1[0])
print ("tup2[1:5]: ", tup2[1:5])
print ("tup1[3]: ", tup1[-1])

Output−
tup1[0]: physics
tup2[1:5]: [2, 3, 4, 5]
tup1[3]: 2000

Negative Indexing
Negative indexing means beginning from the end, -1 refers to the last item, -2 refers to
the second last item etc. tup1[-1]

Range of Indexes (Slicing)

 You can specify a range of indexes by specifying where to start and where to end the
range.
 Tup1[2:5] - The search will start at index 2 (included) and end at index 5 (not included).
 Remember that the first item has index 0.
 Tup1[ :5] - By leaving out the start value, the range will start at the first item:

Range of Negative Indexes

Specify negative indexes if you want to start the search from the end of the list. Tup1[-4:-1]

Updating Tuple
Tuples are immutable which means we cannot update or change the values.
tup1 = (12, 34.56)
tup2 = ('abc', 'xyz')
# Following action is not valid for tuples
# tup1[0] = 100
# So let's create a new tuple as follows
tup3 = tup1 + tup2
print (tup3)

Output
(12, 34.56, 'abc', 'xyz')
 Adding new item in Tuple
t = (10, 20, 30, 40)
t = t + (60, ) # this will do modification of t.
print (t)

Output
(10, 20, 30, 40, 60)

Method to update the values in Tuple

You can convert the tuple into a list, change the list, and convert the list back into a tuple.
x = ("apple", "banana", "cherry")
y = list(x)
y[1] = "kiwi"
x = tuple(y)
print(x)

Output
("apple", "kiwi", "cherry")

Loop Through a Tuple

You can loop through the Tuple items by using a for loop:
list = ( "apple", "banana", "cherry" )
for x in list:
print(x)

Check if Item Exists

To determine if a specified item is present in a tuple use the “in” keyword:
tuple = ( "apple", "banana", "cherry" )
if "apple" in tuple:
print("Yes, 'apple' is in the fruits tuple")

Tuple Length
To determine how many items a tuple has, use the len() function. e.g. print(len(tuple))

Removing Item from the Tuple

Tuples are unchangeable, so we cannot remove items from it, but we can delete the tuple
completely
 The del keyword removes the tuple completely.
del tuple
Basic Tuple Operations

Python Expression Results Description

len( (1, 2, 3) ) 3 Length
(1, 2, 3) + (4, 5, 6) (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6) Concatenation
('Hi!) * 4 ['Hi!', 'Hi!', 'Hi!', 'Hi!'] Repetition
3 in (1, 2, 3) True Membership
for x in (1,2,3) : print (x,end = ' ') 123 Iteration

Built-in Function

Sr.No. Function & Description

1 len(tuple) : Gives the total length of the tuple.
2 max(list) : Returns item from the tuple with max value.
3 min(list) : Returns item from the tuple with min value.
4 tuple(seq): Converts a list into tuple.
5 cmp(tuple1, tuple2) : Compares elements of both tuples.

Tuple Built-in Methods

Sr.No. Methods & Description

1 tuple.count(obj): Returns count of how many times obj occurs in list
2 tuple.index(obj) : Returns the lowest index in tuple that obj appears

Example
Write a program to input ‘n’ numbers and store it in tuple.

t=tuple()
n=input("Enter any number")

print " enter all numbers one after other"

for i in range(n):
a=input("enter number")
t=t+(a,)

print "output is"

for i in range(n):
print t[i]
Assignment
1. Define Tuple
2. What is the output of the following code:
a) print type ((1,2)) b) a= (1, 2, 3, None, ( ), [ ]}
3. Write the output from the following code:
A=(2,4,6,8,10)
L=len(L)
S=0
for I in range(1,L,2):
S+=A[I]
print “Sum=”,S
4. Write a program to input ‘n’ numbers and store it in a tuple and find maximum &
minimum values in the tuple.
5. Find the output from the following code:
t=tuple()
t = t +(PYTHON,)
print t
print len(t)
t1=(10,20,30)
print len(t1)
6. Write a program to input two set values and store it in tuples and also do the comparison.
7. Write a program to input ‘n’ employees’ salary and find minimum & maximum salary
among ‘n’ employees.
8. Write a program to input ‘n’ customers’ name and store it in tuple and display all
customers’ names on the output screen.
9. Write a program to input ‘n’ numbers and separate the tuple in the following manner.
Example
T=(10,20,30,40,50,60)
T1 =(10,30,50)
T2=(20,40,60)
10. Find the errors from the following code:
t=tuple{}
n=input(Total number of values in tuple)
for i in range(n)
a=input("enter elements")
t=t+(a)
print "maximum value=",max(t)
print "minimum value=",min(t)