Perl Quick Reference Card Operator Precedence (continued) 87 tr/// Modifiers 156

Associativiy Arity Precedence Class /c Complement SEARCHLIST.

version 0.01 – editor: John Bokma – freelance programmer Right 3 ?: /d Delete found but unreplaced characters.
DRAFT VERSION, check: http://johnbokma.com/perl/ /s Squash duplicate replaced characters.
Right 2 = += -= *= and so on
Backslashed Character Escapes 61
Left 2 , =>
General Regex Metacharacters 159
\n Newline (usually LF) \e ESC character
Right 0+ List operators (rightward)
\r Carriage return (usually CR) \033 ESC in octal Symbol Atomic Meaning
Right 1 not
\t Horizontal tab \x7f DEL in hexadecimal \… Varies De-meta next nonalphanumeric character, meta
Left 2 and
\f Form feed \cC Control-C next alphanumeric character (maybe).
Left 2 or xor
\b Backspace \x{263a} Unicode (smiley) …|… No Alternation (match one or the other).
\a Alert (bell) \N{NAME} Named character File Test Operators 98 (…) Yes Grouping (treat as a unit).
-r File is readable by effective UID/GID. […] Yes Character class (match one character from a set).
Translation Escapes 61
-w File is writable by effective UID/GID.
\u Force next character to uppercase (“titlecase” in Unicode).
-x File is executable by effective UID/GID. ^ No True at beginning of string (or after a newline,
\l Force next character to lowercase.
-o File is owned by effective UID/GID. maybe).
\U Force all following characters to uppercase
-R File is readable by real UID/GID. . Yes Match one character (except newline, normally).
\L Force all following characters to lowercase
-W File is writable by real UID/GID. $ No True at end of string (or before any newline,
\Q Backslash all following nonalphanumeric characters.
-X File is executable by real UID/GID. maybe).
\E End \U, \L, or \Q.
-O File is owned by real UID/GID.
Quote Constructs 63 -e File exists. Regex Quantifiers 159-160
-z File has zero size Quantifier Atomic Meaning
Customary Generic Meaning Interpolates
-s File has nonzero size (returns size). * No Match 0 or more times (maximal).
-f File is a plain file. + No Match 1 or more times (maximal).
'' q// Literal string No
-d File is a directory. ? No Match 0 or 1 time (maximal).
"" qq// Literal string Yes
-l File is a symbolic link. {COUNT} No Match exactly COUNT times.
`` qx// Command execution Yes
-p File is a named pipe (FIFO). {MIN,} No Match at least MIN times (maximal).
() qw// Word list No
-S File is a socket. {MIN,MAX} No Match at least MIN but not more than MAX
// m// Pattern match Yes
-b File is a block special file. times (maximal).
s/// s/// Pattern substitution Yes
-c File is a character special file.
y/// tr/// Character translation No
-t Filehandle is open to a tty. *? No Match 0 or more times (minimal).
"" qr// Regular expression Yes +? No Match 1 or more times (minimal).
-u File has setuid bit set.
Note: no interpolation is done if you use single quotes for delimiters. -g File has setgid bit set. ?? No Match 0 or 1 time (minimal).
-k File has sticky bit set. {MIN,}? No Match at least MIN times (minimal).
Operator Precedence 87 -T File is a text file. {MIN,MAX}? No Match at least MIN but not more than MAX
Associativiy Arity Precedence Class -B File is a binary file (opposite of -T). times (minimal).
None 0 Terms, and list operators (leftward) -M Age of file (at startup) in (fractional) days since modification.
Extended Regex Sequences 160
Left 2 -> -A Age of file (at startup) in (fractional) days since last access.
Extension Atomic Meaning
None 1 ++ -- -C Age of file (at startup) in (fractional) days since inode change.
Right 2 ** (?#…) No Comment, discard.
Right 1 ! ~ > and unary + and unary - Pattern Modifiers 147 (?:…) Yes Cluster-only parentheses, no capturing.
Left 2 =~ !~ /i Ignore alphabetic case distinctions (case insensitive). (?imsx-imsx) No Enable/disable pattern modifiers.
Left 2 */%x /s Let . match newline and ignore deprecated $* variable. (?imsx-imsx:…) Yes Cluster-only parentheses plus modifiers.
Left 2 +-. /m Let ^ and $ match next embedded \n. (?=…) No True if lookahead assertion succeeds.
Left 2 << >> /x Ignore (most) whitespace and permit comments in pattern. (?!…) No True if lookahead assertion fails.
Right 0,1 Named unary operators /o Compile pattern only once. (?<=…) No True if lookbehind assertion succeeds.
None 2 < > <= >= lt gt le ge (?<!…) No True if lookbehind assertion fails.
Additional m// Modifiers 150 (?>…) Yes Match nonbacktracking subpattern.
None 2 == != <=> eq ne cmp
/g Globally find all matches. (?{…}) No Execute embedded Perl code.
Left 2 &
/cg Allow continued search after failed /g match. (??{…}) Yes Match regex from embedded Perl code.
Left 2 |^
Left 2 (?(…)…|…) Yes Match with if-then-else pattern.
&& Additional s/// Modifiers 153
Left 2 || (?(…)…) Yes Match with if-then pattern.
/g Replace globally, that is, all occurences.
None 2 .. ... /e Evaluate the right side as an expression.