Scribd
Upload
195 views34 pages

Motion

The motion of an object moving in a circular path with constant speed is called uniform circular motion. Some key points about uniform circular motion are: - The object moves along a circular path, so its direction of motion is continuously changing. - However, the speed of the object is constant throughout its motion. - Its velocity is not constant, as velocity involves both speed and direction. The changing direction means the velocity is constantly changing in magnitude and direction. - An important application is the motion of planets in their orbits around the Sun, which follows uniform circular motion. Some examples include: a ball attached to a string and rotated in a circular path with constant speed, the motion of seconds hand of a clock, etc.

Uploaded by

Abdullah Mamun
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
195 views34 pages

Motion

The motion of an object moving in a circular path with constant speed is called uniform circular motion. Some key points about uniform circular motion are: - The object moves along a circular path, so its direction of motion is continuously changing. - However, the speed of the object is constant throughout its motion. - Its velocity is not constant, as velocity involves both speed and direction. The changing direction means the velocity is constantly changing in magnitude and direction. - An important application is the motion of planets in their orbits around the Sun, which follows uniform circular motion. Some examples include: a ball attached to a string and rotated in a circular path with constant speed, the motion of seconds hand of a clock, etc.

Uploaded by

Abdullah Mamun
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 34

Motion

Motion
The change of position of
an object with respect to
time.
Motion used in Physical Quantities
Motion is typically described in terms of
displacement, distance (scalar), velocity,
acceleration, time and speed.
Motion in One Dimension
When a body moves along a straight line
path

It is also called as Rectilinear Motion

Ex: An ant moving in straight line, running


athlete
Motion In Two Dimensional

If a body moves along a Curved Path.

It is also called as Curvilinear Motion

Ex: throwing paper airplanes, a body


moving in a plane
Motion In Three Dimensional
The position of body change => If a body moves
in space;
It is also called as Random Motion

Ex: motion of a flying bird, kite in the sky,


molecule, etc…,
Motion in one Dimension

The important parameters required to study


the motion along a straight line are position,
displacement, velocity, acceleration.

The motion of a particle can be described


if its position is known continuously with
respect to time.
Distance

The Length of the path travelled


by a body is called distance. The
path may not be straight.
Displacement

The Shortest distance from


the initial to the final position of
the body is called the magnitude
of displacement.
Distance Displacement

1.”How much ground an object has 1.”Howfar out of place an object is”;
covered” during its motion It is the objects overall change in
position.

2.It is Scalar Quantity i.e it only has the 2. 2.It is Vector Quantity i.e it has both
magnitude. the magnitude and direction.

3.It depends on path 3. It does not depend on the path

4.It is always positive 4. It can be Positive or Negative


depending on direction.

5. The length of the path between two 5. The total length of the path is the
objects. distance travelled by the particle and the
Shortest distance between the initial and
final position of the particle.
Vector
The Vector quantities have both
magnitude and direction.

Ex: acceleration , force , displacement ,


velocity, weight, momentum, etc…
Scalar
The Scalar quantities have magnitude
only
It is denoted by a number and unit.

Ex: pressure, length, mass, time, speed,


work, energy, temperature, etc…
Speed
The Speed Of a body is the rate of change
of distance with time.

It is scalar quantity. It is represented by the


letter u & v.

Speed = Distance / Time

The S.I unit of Speed is m/s


Velocity
The Velocity of a body is the distance travelled per
second by the body in a specific direction.

It is a vector quantity.
Velocity = displacement / time
The S.I unit of Velocity is m / s
in specific direction
Speed Velocity

The distance travelled per The distance travelled per


second by a moving object second by a moving object
is called speed. in a particular direction is
called velocity.

Scalar Quantity Vector Quantity

The Speed is always The Velocity can be


positive. positive or negative
depending upon the
direction of motion.
Acceleration

The rate of change of change of velocity


with time.

Acceleration = Velocity / Time

It is Vector quantity; Represented by the

symbol a
Retardation

If the velocity decreases with time,


the acceleration is negative . The negative
acceleration is called retardation or deceleration.
Random Motion:
The irregular motion of small particles
suspended in a liquid or a gas

Ex: a fish swimming in water


Rotational Motion:
A rotation is a circular movement of an
object around a center (or point) of rotation

Ex: as the wheel of a bicycle, wind mill


Rectilinear Motion:
Ex: when a body moves in a straight
line path

Curvilinear Motion:
Ex: throwing paper airplanes

Circular Motion:
Ex: the orbits of planets
Uniform Motion
The object covers equal distances in equal intervals of
time is called uniform motion.
Non - Uniform Motion
The object covers unequal distances in equal
intervals of time is called uniform motion.
Ex: when a car is moving in a traffic
Equation of Motion

When an object moves along a straight line


with uniform acceleration, it is possible to relate its
velocity, acceleration during motion and the
distance covered by it in a certain time interval by a
set of equations known as the Equations of motion.
Equation for Velocity – Time Relation

Acceleration = change in velocity / time


a= v-u / t
at= v-u
v= u + at
Equation for Position – Time Relation

Distance = Average Velocity / time


S = u+v / 2 X t
= u+(u+at)/2 X t
= (2u+at/2) X t
= ut+ ½ at^2
Equation for Position - Velocity Relation

Distance = Average Velocity X time


s = u+v / 2 X t
s = u+v / 2 X v-u / a
= v^2 –u^2 / 2a
2as = v^2 – u^2
v^2 = u^2 + 2as
PROBLEMS
1.A train moving with uniform speed covers a distance of 120m
in 2 s. Calculate i) the speed of the train ii) the time it will take
to cover 240 m.

2.Find the distance travelled by a body in 5 mins if it travels


with a uniform speed of 20 m/s.

3. Express the speed 36 km / h in m / s

4.The velocity of an object increases at a constant rate from 20


m/s to 50 m/s in 10 s. Find the acceleration.

5.A pebble thrown vertically upwards with an initial velocity


50 m/s comes to a stop in 5s. Find the retardation.
Uniform Circular Motion :
When an object moves in a circular path with
uniform speed, its motion is called Uniform
Circular Motion.

You might also like