Question 3
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ScribdTranslationsQuestion 3
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ScribdTranslationsA study of the amount of rainfall and the amount of air pollution removed produced the
following data:
Daily rainfall amount Particulates removed
"x"(0.01cm) y(ug/m^3)
4.3 126.0
4.5 121.0
5.9 116.0
5.6 118.0
6.1 114.0
5.2 118.0
3.8 132.0
2.1 141.0
7.5 108.0
a) Calculate the equation of the regression line to predict the particles removed from
the daily precipitation amount.
b) Estimate the amount of particles removed if the daily precipitation is x= 4.8 units.
1) The shape of the model is assumed, in the case of the relationship between two
variables, the points can be plotted on the plane (i.e. the scatter diagram) to
observe the possible relationship between them.
The dependent variable is the number of particles removed. Being the
factor that alters our model and the independent variable that is the amount
of daily rainfall.
Conclusion: There is no significant difference between the amount of rainfall and particles
removed.
2) The sample data are used to estimate the unknown parameters of the
model (the Bi), i.e. the model fit (assuming a simple linear regression
model 𝒚=𝑩𝟎+𝑩𝟏𝒙).
Y = βo + β1*x
Y= 153.18+(-6.32*X)
Y= 122.82
3) Specify the probability distribution of error(S), estimating any unknown
parameters of this distribution.
S^2 4.85
S 2.20 The standard deviation is 2.20
Cantidad de lluvia y de la contaminación del aire
Partículas eliminadas y(ug/m^3) Linear (Partículas eliminadas y(ug/m^3))
160.0
140.0
f(x) = − 6.32398753894081 x + 153.17549325026
120.0 R² = 0.957772194002061
Partículas Eliminadas
100.0
80.0
60.0
40.0
20.0
0.0
1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 7.0 8.0
Cantidad de lluvia diaria
4) Statistically test the adequacy of the model (by hypothesis testing, confidence
intervals, coefficient of determination and correlation).
R -0.979
Particulate matter removed increases as the amount of rainfall increases.
R^2 0.9578
95.78% of the estimates will be valid.
Hypothesis testing.
1. Hypothesis Statement
: 0 (H0: That x does not contribute information to predict Y)
H0 B1=
H1:B1≠0
H1:B1< 0 (H1: These values are linearly related)
H0: the spaces between the amount of rainfall do not contribute to predict
the particles removed. H0: B1= 0
There is a linear relationship between the amount of rainfall and the
H1:
particles removed. H1: B1≠ 0
2. Test statistic
B1
t=
S
√ SSxx
❑
−6.32
t=
2.20 = -12.6073 calculated value, the value found in Excel and spss is used
√ 19.26
❑
because it helps us to have a better precision of the estimated values.
3. Critical Region taking 𝛼 0.05 which is 5% which is the level of significance we are
willing to accept to consider the hypothesis as valid.
t (1- α/2), n-2= t (0.95,7) =1.895 the value found from t-student table
t(α/2), n-2= -1.895
4. Statistical decision.
The calculated t =-12.6073
Then:
-12.6073.….-1.895…..1.895
-12.6073<1.8995
Conclusion: The null hypothesis (Ho) is rejected and it is
affirmed that there is a relationship between the amount
of rainfall and the particles removed.
5) When satisfied with the fit, the model is used to
make predictions, estimates, etc.
B1+- t(1- α/2), n-2SB1 SB1 = S/√𝑆𝑆𝑋𝑋= 0.1142
B1+-(1.895)(0.1142)= 0.2164
