Find the centre of mass of three particles at the vertices of an equilateral triangle. The masses of the particles are 100 g, 50 g and 200 g respectively. Each side of the equilateral triangle is 0.5 m long. Solution : x B (0.25, 0.25V3 ) (0.0 (0.25 ,0) A(0.5,0) With the x- and y- axes chosen as shown in the figure, the coordinates of points O,A and B forming the equilateral triangle are respectively (0,0), (0.5,0), (0.25,0.25V3 ). Let the masses 100 g, 150 g and 200 g be located at O, A and B be respectively. Then, X = Meatmexetmaxs gy = Mayatmayetmsys m,+m2+m3 m,+m2+ms [100(0)+150(0.5)+200(0.25)] gm (200+150+200)g xX 750+50 125 m = 450 450 UL =—m 18 y = [2100(0)+150(0)+200(0.25¥3)] gm (100+150+200)9The angular speed of a motor wheel is increased from 1200 rpm to 3120 rpm in 16 seconds. (i) What is its angular acceleration, assuming the acceleration to be uniform? (ii) | How many revolutions does the engine make during this time? Solution : (i) We shall use w = w, + at w, = initial angular speed in rad/s = 2n x angular speed inrev/s _ 2mxangular speed in rev/min 60s/min ad/s = 40n rad/s 2nx1200 =r 60 Similarly , w = final angular speed in rad/s = BESO ag 75 60 =2n x 52rad/s = 104 mrad/s angular acceleration ete = 4m rad/s* The angular acceleration of the engine = 4 1 rad/s? a= (ii) The angular displacement in time Cis given by 8 = wot + Fat? = (407 x 16 +2 x an x 16%) rad = (640m + 512n)rad = 11520 rad Number of revolutions = 11s" _ 576 anA cord of negligible mass is wound round the rim of a fly wheel of mass 20 kg and radius 20 cm. A steady pull of 25 N is applied on the cord as shown in the figure. The flywheel is mounted on a horizontal axle with frictionless bearings. (a) Compute the angular acceleration of the wheel. (b) Find the work done by the pull, when 2m of the cord is unwound. (c) Find also the kinetic energy of the wheel at this point. Assume that the wheel starts from rest. (d) Compare answers to parts (b) and (c). Solution : F=25N (a)Weuse Ia=Tt The torque t = FR = 25 x 0.20 Nm (as R = 0.20 m) =5.0Nm I= MLL of flywheel about its axis =“ _ 20.0%(0.2) 2 = angular acceleration = 5.0 N m/0.4 kg m2 =12.5 5-2 = 0.4kg m? (b) Work done by the pull unwinding 2 m of the cord =25Nx2m=50J) (©) Let w be the final angular velocity. The kinetic energy gained = +1w?, since the wheel starts from rest. Now, w? =wi+2a0, wo =0 The angular displacement @ = length of unwound string / radius of wheeltm = = 10rad w? = 2x 12.5 x 10.0 = 250 (%24)" F K.E. gained = : x 0.4 x 250 = 50/ (d) The answers are the same, i.e. the kinetic energy gained by the wheel = work done by the force. There is no loss of energy due to friction. In HCI molecule, the separation between the nuclei of the two atoms is about 1.27 A (1 A= 10~?° m). Find the approximate loctaion of the CM of the molecule, given that a chlorine atom is about 35.5 times as massive as a hydrogen atom and nearly all the mass of an atom is concentrated in the nucleus. Solution : Let the nucleus of hydrogen atom be chosen as the origin for measuring distance. Mass of hydrogen atom m, = 1u, mass of chlorine atom m; = 35.5u x; =O and x) = 1.27 A= 1.27 x 107! m Distance of CM of HCI molecule from the hydrogen atom is given by _ myx, + M2X2 4 my tm, 1x 0 +35.5 x 1.27 x 10779 aes 1.235 x 107m = 1.235A ‘A solid of mass 20 kg rotates about its axis with angular speed 100 rad s~?, The radius of the cylinder is 0.25 m. What is he kinetic energy asssociated with the rotation of the cylinder? What is the magnitude of angular momentum of the cylinder about its axis? Solution : ‘Moment of inertia of a cylinder about its axis of symmetry is aero: p= ME = x02" = 0.625 kg m? Angular speed w = 100 rad s~? Kinetic energy of rotation = plu? = 5X 0.625 x 100? = 3125] Angular momentum L = Iw = 0.625 x 100 = 62.5 kg m? s~? A rope of negligible mass is wound round a hollow cylinder of mass 3 kg and radius 40 cm. /What is the angular accelertaion of the cylinder if therope is pulled with a force of 30 N? What is the linear acceleration of the rope? Assume that there is no slipping. Solution : Here, M=3kg, R=40cm=04m, F=30N Moment of inertiaa of the hollow cylinder about its axis of symmetry is I = MR? = 3x (0.4)? = 0.48 kg m? Torque acting on the cylinder is t=RF=04x30=12Nm If a is the angular acceleration produced, then t = Ja or a= . . =~ 2 -2 a= T= 25 rads Linear acceleration a = aR = 25x 0.4=10ms~? 92.To maintain a rotor at a uniform angular speed of 200 rad s~!, an engine needs to transmit a torque of 180 N M, What is the power required by the engine? (Note: Uniform angular velocity in the absence of friction implies zero torque. In practice applied torque is needed to counter frictional torque) Solution : Here, w = 200rads"!, t=180Nm Power P = tw = 180 x 200 = 36000 watt