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COMPLEX NUMBER

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 COMPLEX NUMBER

COMPLEX NUMBER
1. DEFINITION :

Complex numbers are defined as expressions of the form a + ib where a , b  R & i = 1 .

It is denoted by z i.e. z = a + ib. ‘a’ is called real part of z (Re z) and ‘b’ is called imaginary part
of z (Im z).

Note :
(i) The set R of real numbers is a proper subset of the Complex Numbers. Hence the Complex
Number system is N  W  I  Q  R  C.
(ii) Zero is both purely real as well as purely imaginary but not imaginary.
(iii) i = 1 is called the imaginary unit. Also i2 = – l ; i3 = –i ; i4 = 1 etc.
In general i4n = 1, i4n+1 = i, i4n+2 = –1, i4n+3 = –i, where n  I
(iv) a b = ab only if atleast one of either a or b is non- negative

Illustration 1 : The value of i57 + 1/i125 is :-

(A) 0 (B) –2i (C) 2i (D) 2
1
Solution : i57 + 1/i125 = i56. i + 124
i .i

  1
14
= i4 i 
 
31
i4 i
1 i
= i   i  2  i i  0 Ans. (A)
i i
2. ARGAND DIAGRAM :
Master Argand had done a systematic study on complex numbers
and represented every complex number z = x + iy as a set
of ordered pair (x, y) on a plane called complex plane (Argand
Diagram) containing two perpendicular axes. Horizontal axis is
known as Real axis & vertical axis is known as Imaginary axis.
All complex numbers lying on the real axis are called as purely
real and those lying on imaginary axis as purely imaginary.

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 COMPLEX NUMBER
3. ALGEBRAIC OPERATIONS :
Fundamental operations with complex numbers :
(a) Addition (a + bi) + (c + di) = (a + c) + (b + d)i
(b) Subtraction (a + bi) – (c + di) = (a – c) + (b – d)i
(c) Multiplication (a + bi) (c + di) = (ac – bd) + (ad + bc)i
a  bi a  bi c  di ac  bd bc  ad
(d) Division  .   i
c  di c  di c  di c2  d 2 c 2  d 2
Note :
(i) The algebraic operations on complex numbers are similar to those on real numbers
treating i as a polynomial.
(ii) Inequalities in complex numbers (non-real) are not defined. There is no validity if we
say that complex number (non-real) is positive or negative.
e.g. z > 0, 4 + 2i < 2 + 4i are meaningless.
(iii) In real numbers, if a2 + b2 = 0, then a = 0 = b but in complex numbers, z12 + z22 = 0 does
not imply z1 = z2 = 0.

3  2isin 
Illustration 2 : will be purely imaginary, if  =
1  2isin 
  
(A) 2n  , n  I (B) n  , n  I (C) n  , n  I (D) none of these
3 3 3
3  2isin 
Solution : will be purely imaginary, if the real part vanishes, i.e.,
1  2isin 
(3  2isin ) (1  2isin ) (3  4sin 2 )  i(8sin )
 
(1  2isin ) (1  2isin ) (1  4sin 2 )

3  4sin 2 
0  3 – 4 sin2= 0 (only if  be real)
1  4sin 2 
2
 3  
2

 sin  = 
2
   sin 
 2   3

 = n± ,nI Ans. (C)
3

Do yourself -1 :
 1 i 
n

(i) Determine least positive value of n for which   1

 1 i 
5
(ii) Find the value of the sum  (i  i
n 1
n n 2
) where i = 1 .

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 COMPLEX NUMBER
4. EQUALITY IN COMPLEX NUMBER :
Two complex numbers z1 = a1 + ib1 & z2 = a2 + ib2 are equal if and only if their real &
imaginary parts are respectively equal.

(1  i) x  2i (2  3i) y i
Illustration 3 : The values of x and y satisfying the equation   i are
3i 3i
(A) x = –1, y =3 (B) x = 3, y = –1 (C) x = 0, y = 1 (D) x = 1, y = 0
(1  i) x  2i (2  3i) y i
Solution :  i  (4 + 2i) x + (9 – 7i) y – 3i – 3 = 10i
3i 3i
Equating real and imaginary parts, we get 2x – 7y = 13 and 4x + 9y = 3.
Hence x = 3 and y = –1. Ans.(B)

Illustration 4 : Find the square root of 7 + 24 i.

Solution : Let 7  24i = a + ib
Squaring a2 – b2 + 2iab = 7 + 24i
Compare real & imaginary parts a2 – b2 = 7 & 2ab = 24
By solving these two equations
We get a = ±4 , b = ±3
7  24i = ± (4 + 3i)

Illustration 5 : If x = –5 + 2 4 , find the value of x4 + 9x3 + 35x2 – x + 4.

Solution : We have , x = –5 + 2 4
 x + 5 = 4i,  (x + 5)2 = 16i2
 x2 + 10x + 25 = –16  x2 + 10x + 41 = 0
Now,
x4 + 9x3 + 35x2 – x + 4
 x2(x2 + 10x + 41) – x(x2+ 10x + 41) + 4(x2 + 10x + 41) – 160
 x2(0) – x(0) + 4(0) – 160 = –160 Ans.

Do yourself -2 :
(i) Find the value of x3 + 7x2 – x + 16. Where x = 1 + 2i.
ci b 2c
(ii) If a + ib = , where c is a real number, then prove that : a2 + b2 = 1 and  2
ci a c 1
(iii) Find square root of –15 – 8i

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 COMPLEX NUMBER
5. THREE IMPORTANT TERMS : CONJUGATE / MODULUS / ARGUMENT :
(a) CONJUGATE COMPLEX :
If z = a + ib then its conjugate complex is obtained by changing the sign of its imaginary
part & is denoted by z . i.e. z = a – ib.
Note that :
(i) z + z = 2 Re(z)
(ii) z – z = 2i Im(z)
(iii) z z = a2 + b2, which is purely real
(iv) If z is purely real, then z – z = 0
(v) If z is purely imaginary, then z + z = 0
(vi) If z lies in the 1st quadrant, then z lies in the 4th quadrant
and  z lies in the 2nd quadrant.

(b) Modulus :
If P denotes complex number z = x + iy, then the length OP is called modulus of complex
number z. It is denoted by |z|.
OP = |z| = x 2  y2
Geometrically | z | represents the distance of point P from origin. ( |z| 0)
 z if z0
Note : Unlike real numbers, | z | 
 z if z0
is not correct.
(c) Argument or Amplitude :

If P denotes complex number z = x + iy and if OP makes an angle 

with real axis, then  is called one of the arguments of z.
y
 = tan–1 (angle made by OP with positive real axis)
x

Note:
(i) Argument of a complex number is a many valued function. If  is the argument of a
complex number, then 2n+ ; n  I will also be the argument of that complex number.
Any two arguments of a complex number differ by 2n.
(ii) The unique value of  such that – < is called Amplitude (principal value of the
argument).

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 COMPLEX NUMBER
(iii) Principal argument of a complex number z = x + iy can be found
out using method given below :
1 y  
(a) Find = tan such that   0, 
x  2
(b) Use given figure to find out the principal argument
according as the point lies in respective quadrant.

(iv) Unless otherwise stated, amp z implies principal value of the argument.
y
(v) The unique value of  = tan–1 such that 0 <2 is called least positive argument.
x
(vi) If z = 0, arg(z) is not defined
(vii) If z is real & negative, arg(z) =.
(viii) If z is real & positive, arg(z) = 0

(ix) If   , z lies on the positive side of imaginary axis.
2

(x) If    , z lies on the negative side of imaginary axis.
2
By specifying the modulus & argument a complex number is defined completely.
Argument impart direction & modulus impart distance from origin.
For the complex number 0 + 0i the argument is not defined and this is the only complex
number which is given by its modulus only.

Illustration 6 : Find the modulus, argument, principal value of argument, least positive argument of
complex numbers (a) 1 + i 3 (b) –1 + i 3 (c) 1 – i 3 (d) –1 – i 3

Solution : (a) For z = 1 + i 3

z  12  ( 3) 2  2

arg (z) = 2n + ,nI
3

Least positive argument is
3
If the point is lying in first or second quadrant then amp(z) is taken in
anticlockwise direction.

In this case amp(z) =
3

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 COMPLEX NUMBER
(b) For z = –1 + i 3
|z| = 2
2
arg (z) = 2n + , n I
3
2
Least positive argument =
3
2
amp(z) =
3
(c) For z = 1 – i 3
|z| = 2

arg (z) = 2n – ,nI
3
5
Least positive argument =
3
If the point lies in third or fourth quadrant then consider amp(z) in clockwise
direction.

In this case amp(z) = –
3
(d) For z = –1 – i 3
|z| = 2
2
arg (z) = 2n – ,nI
3
4
Least positive argument =
3
2
amp(z) = –
3

Illustration 7 : Find modulus and argument for z = 1 – sin  + i cos ,  (0,2)

 
Solution : z  (1  sin )2  (cos )2  2  2sin   2 cos  sin
2 2
 
Case (i) For   0,  , z will lie in I quadrant.
 2
   
cos  cos 2  sin 2 cos  sin
amp  z   tan–1
 amp(z)  tan 1 2 2  tan 1 2 2
1  sin    
2
 
cos  sin
 cos  sin  2 2
 2 2

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 COMPLEX NUMBER
 
arg z = tan–1 tan  

4 2
   
Since    , 
4 2 4 2
    
amp (z) =    , |z| = 2  cos  sin 
4 2  2 2

Case (ii) at   : z = 0 + 0i
2
|z| = 0
amp (z) is not defined.
  3 
Case (iii) For    ,  , z will lie in IV quadrant
2 2 
 
so amp (z) = – tan–1 tan   
 2 4
   
Since    ,  
2 4 2 
    3    
amp (z) = –        , z  2  sin  cos 
2 4  4 2  2 2
3
Case (iv) at   : z = 2 + 0i
2
|z| = 2
amp (z) = 0
 3 
Case (v) For    ,2 
 2 
z will lie in I quadrant
 
arg (z) = tan–1tan   
 2 4
   5 
Since    , 
2 4  4 
   3   
arg z =      , z  2  sin  cos 
2 4 2 4  2 2

Do yourself -3 :
Find the modulus and amplitude of following complex numbers :
1  2i 2  6 3i
(i) –2 + 2 3i (ii) – 3 – i (iii) –2i (iv) (v)
1  3i 5  3i

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 COMPLEX NUMBER
6. REPRESENTATION OF A COMPLEX NUMBER IN VARIOUS FORMS :
(a) Cartesian Form (Geometrical Representation) :
Every complex number z = x + iy can be represented by a point on the cartesian plane
known as complex plane by the ordered pair (x , y). There exists a one-one correspondence
between the points of the plane and the members of the set of complex numbers.
y
For z = x + iy; | z | x 2  y2 ; z  x  iy and   tan 1
x
Note :

(i) Distance between the two complex numbers z1& z2 is given by |z1 – z2|.

(ii) |z – z0| = r, represents a circle, whose centre is z0 and radius is r.

Illustration 8 : Find the locus of :

(a) |z – 1|2 + |z + 1|2 = 4 (b)Re(z2) = 0
Solution : (a) Let z = x + iy
 (|x + iy – 1|)2 + (|x + iy + 1|)2 = 4
 (x – 1) 2 + y2 + (x + 1)2 + y2 = 4
 x2 – 2x + 1 + y2 + x2 + 2x + 1 + y2 = 4  x2 + y2 = 1
Above represents a circle on complex plane with center at origin and radius unity.
(b) Let z = x + iy
 z2 = x2 – y2 + 2xyi
 Re(z2) = 0
 x2 – y2 = 0  y = ± x
Thus Re(z2) = 0 represents a pair of straight lines passing through origin.

2
Illustration 9 : If z is a complex number such that z2 = (z) , then
(A) z is purely real (B) z is purely imaginary
(C) either z is purely real or purely imaginary (D) none of these
Solution : Let z = x + iy, then its conjugate z = x –iy
Given that z2 = (z)  x2 – y2 + 2ixy = x2 – y2 – 2ixy  4ixy = 0
2

If x  0 then y = 0 and if y  0 then x = 0. Ans. (C)

Illustration 10 : Among the complex number z which satisfies |z – 25i|  15, find the complex
numbers z having
(a) least positive argument (b) maximum positive argument
(c) least modulus (d) maximum modulus

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 COMPLEX NUMBER
Solution : The complex numbers z satisfying the condition
|z – 25i|  15
are represented by the points inside and on the circle of radius 15 and centre at the
point C(0, 25).
The complex number having least positive argument and maximum positive arguments
in this region are the points of contact of tangents drawn from origin to the circle
Here  = least positive argument
and  = maximum positive argument
 In OCP,OP  (OC) 2 (CP) 2  (25) 2 (15) 2 20
OP 20 4
and sin    
OC 25 5
4 4
 tan    = tan–1  
3 3
4
Thus, complex number at P has modulus 20 and argument = tan–1  
3
3 4
 zp = 20 (cos + i sin) = 20   i 
5 5
 zp 12 +16i
Similarly zQ = –12 + 16i
From the figure, E is the point with least modulus and D is the point with maximum
modulus.
  
Hence, zE  OE  OC  EC  25i  15i  10i
  
and zD  OD  OC  CD  25i  15i  40i

Do yourself -4 :
(i) Find the distance between two complex numbers z1 = 2 + 3i & z2 = 7–9i on the complex plane.
(ii) Find the locus of |z – 2 – 3i| = 1.
(iii) If z is a complex number, then z2 + z 2 = 2 represents -
(A)a circle (B) a straight line (C) a hyperbola (D) an ellipse

(c) Trigonometric / Polar Representation :

z = r (cos  + i sin ) where | z | = r ; arg z =  ; z = r (cos i sin )

Note : cos  + i sin  is also written as CiS .

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 COMPLEX NUMBER
Euler's formula :
The formula eix = cosx + i sin x is called Euler's formula.
It was introduced by Euler in 1748, and is used as a method of expressing complex
numbers.
eix  eix eix  eix
Also cos x  & sin x = are known as Euler's identities.
2 2i
(d) Exponential Representation :
Let z be a complex number such that | z | = r & arg z =  , then z = r.ei

Illustration 11 : Express the following complex numbers in polar and exponential form :
1  3i i 1
(i) (ii)
1  2i  
cos  isin
3 3
1  3i 1  3i 1  2i
Solution : (i) Let z     1  i
1  2i 1  2i 1  2i
| z | = (1)2  12  2
1  
tan =  1  tan   
1 4 4
 Re(z) < 0 and Im(z) > 0  z lies in second quadrant.
 3
  = arg (z) =  –  =  – 
4 4
 3 3 
Hence Polar form is z = 2  cos  isin 
 4 4
3
i
and exponential form is z  2e 4

i 1 i 1 2(i  1)
(ii) Let z   
  1 i 3 (1  i 3)
cos  isin 
3 3 2 2
2(i  1) (1  i 3)  3 1  3 1
 z  z   i 
(1  i 3) (1  i 3)  2   2 
 Re(z) > 0 and Im(z) > 0  z lies in first quadrant.
2 2
 3 1   3 1  2(3  1)
 | z | 
 2    2   4
 2.
   
3 1 5 5
tan =  tan 
3 1 12 12
 5 5 
Hence Polar form is z = 2  cos  isin 
 12 12 
5
i
and exponential form is z = 2e 12

C.O.: NAIVEDHYAM, Plot No. SP-11, Old INOX, Indira Vihar, Kota (Raj.) 324005 Ph. 0744-2799900 10
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 COMPLEX NUMBER
 
Illustration 12 : If xn = cos  n 
 isin  n  , then x1x2x3......... is equal to –
2  2 
(A) –1 (B) 1 (C) 0 (D) 

  i n
Solution : x n  cos  n   isin  n   1 e 2

2  2 
x1x2x3.........
     
i i i i  2  n 
  e .e e  e
21 22 2n 2 2 2 

       
= cos   2  3  ..........   isin   2  3  .......   1
2 2 2  2 2 2 
    /2 
 as  2  3  .......    Ans.
 2 2 2 1  1/ 2 

Do yourself -5 :
Express the following complex number in polar form and exponential form :
(1  7i)
(i) –2 + 2i (ii) 1  3i (iii) (iv) (1 – cos + isin),  (0,)
(2  i) 2

7. IMPORTANT PROPERTIES OF CONJUGATE :

(a) z + z = 2 Re (z) (b) z – z = 2 i Im (z) (c) z = z
(d) z1  z 2  z1  z2 (e) z1  z 2  z1  z2
(f) z1z 2  z1  z2 . In general z1z2 .............zn  z1.z2 ..........zn
 z1  z1
(g)   ;z 0 (h) If f( + i) = x + iy  f( – i) = x – iy
 z 2  z2 2
8. IMPORTANT PROPERTIES OF MODULUS:
(a) |z|  0 (b) |z|  Re (z) (c) |z|  Im (z)
(d) |z| = | z | = |–z| = |  z | (e) zz  | z | 2

(f) |z1 z2| = |z1|. |z2|. In general |z1z2......... zn| = |z1| · |z2|......|zn|
z1 |z |
(g)  1 , z2  0
z2 | z2 |
z n  z ,n  I
n
(h)
(i) |z1 + z2|2 = |z1|2 + |z2|2 + 2Re(z1z2 )
(j) |z1 + z2|2 = |z1|2 + |z2|2 + 2|z1||z2| cos(– ), where ,  are arg(z1), arg(z2) respectively.
(k) |z1 + z2|2 + |z1– z2|2 = 2 | z1 |2  | z 2 |2 
(l) | z1 |  | z 2 |  z1  z 2  | z1 |  | z 2 | [Triangle Inequality]
(m) | z1 |  | z 2 |  z1  z 2  | z1 |  | z 2 | [Triangle Inequality]
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 COMPLEX NUMBER
9. IMPORTANT PROPERTIES OF AMPLITUDE :
(a) amp(z1. z2) = amp z1 + amp z2 + 2 k : k  I
 z1 
(b) amp   = amp z1– amp z2 + 2 k ; k  I
 2
z
(c) amp(zn) = n amp(z) + 2k; n,k  I
where proper value of k must be chosen so that RHS lies in (–].

2
 (3  4i)(1  i)(1  3 i) 
Illustration 13 : Find amp z and |z| if z    .
 (1  i)(4  3i)(2i) 
Solution : amp z = 2[amp(3+4i)+amp(1+i)+amp(1+ 3i )–amp(1–i)–amp(4–3i)–amp(2i)]+2k
where k  I and k chosen so that amp z lies in (–,].
       3  
 amp z  2  tan 1        tan 1       2k
 3 4 3  4  4 2
 1  4   
 amp z  2  tan  cot 1    2k amp z = 2     2k
 3 3 3 2 3

 amp z = – [at k = –1] Ans.
3
Also,
2
2
 | 3  4i ||1  i | 1  3i 
(3  4i)(1  i)(1  3 i)
z | z |  
(1  i)(4  3i)(2i)  |1  i || 4  3i || 2i | 
 
2
 5 2  2 
 | z |    1 Ans.
 2  5  2 
Aliter
2 2
 (3  4i)(1  i)(1  3 i)   3 i 2  2 3i 1 3i
z   z    z  
 (1  i)(4  3i)(2i)   2  4 2 2

Hence |z| = 1, amp(z) = – .
3

zi
Illustration 14 : If  1 , then locus of z is –
zi
(A) x-axis (B) y-axis (C) x = 1 (D) y = 1
z i x  i(y 1)
Solution : We have, 1 1
zi x  i(y 1)
x  i(y 1)
2

  1  x 2  (y 1)2  x 2  (y 1) 2  4y  0; y  0

x  i(y 1)
2

which is x-axis Ans. (A)

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 COMPLEX NUMBER
 z1 
Illustration 15 : If |z1 + z2|2 = |z1|2+|z2|2 then   is –
 z2 
(A) zero or purely imaginary (B) purely imaginary
(C) purely real (D) none of these
Solution : Here let z1 = r1 (cos 1  isin 1 ), z1  r1
z2  r2 (cos 2  isin 2 ), z2  r2
 (z1  z2 )  (r1cos 1  r2cos2 )  i(r1 sin 1  r2 sin 2 )
2 2

= r12  r22  2r1r2 cos(1  2 )  z1  z 2 if cos(1 – 2) = 0

2 2


 1  2  
2
 z   z
 amp(z1) – amp(z2) =± amp  1     1 is purely imaginary Ans.(B)
2  z2  2 z2

z1  2z 2
Illustration 16 : z1 and z2 are two complex numbers such that is unimodular (whose
2  z1 z 2
modulus is one), while z2 is not unimodular. Find |z1|.
z1  2z 2 | z  2z 2 |
Solution : Here 1 1 1
2  z1 z 2 | 2  z1 z 2 |
2
z1  2z 2  2  z1 z 2
2
 z1  2z 2  2  z1 z 2 

   
 (z1 – 2z2) z1  2z 2  2  z1 z 2 2  z1 z 2 
  z  2z   z  2z    2  z z  2  z z 
1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2

 z1 z1  2z1 z2  2z2 z1  4z2 z2  4  2z1z2  2z1 z2  z1 z1z2 z 2

 |z1|2 + 4|z2|2 = 4 + |z1|2 |z2|2  |z1|2 – |z1|2 |z2|2 + 4|z2|2 – 4 = 0
 z 1
2

 4 1  z2
2
0
But |z2|  1 (given)
 |z1|2 = 4 Hence, |z1| = 2.

Illustration 17 : The locus of the complex number z in argand plane satisfying the inequality
 | z  1 | 4   2
log1/2    1 where | z  1 |  is -
 3 | z  1 | 2   3
(A) a circle (B) interior of a circle
(C) exterior of a circle (D) none of these

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 COMPLEX NUMBER
 | z  1| 4  1
Solution : We have, log1/2    1  log1/2  
 3 | z  1| 2  2
| z  1| 4 1
  [ loga x is a decreasing function if a < 1]
3 | z  1| 2 2
 2 |z –1| + 8 < 3|z –1|– 2 as |z – 1| > 2/3
 |z – 1| > 10
which is exterior of a circle. Ans. (C)

4
Illustration 18 : If z   2, then the greatest value of |z| is-
z
(A) 1 + 2 (B) 2 + 2 (C) 3+1 (D) 5 +1
4 4 4 4 4
Solution : We have z  z    z   2
z z z |z| |z|
 |z|2 2|z| + 4  (|z| – 1)2 5
 |z| – 1  5  |z|  5 + 1
Therefore, the greatest value of | z | is 5 +1. Ans. (D)

Illustration 19 : Shaded region is given by –


(A) |z + 2|  6, 0 arg(z) 
6

(B) |z + 2|  6, 0 arg(z + 2) 
3

(C) |z + 2| 6, 0 arg (z + 2) 
3
(D) none of these
Solution : Note that AB = 6 and 1 + 3 3 i = –2 + 3 + 3 3 i
1 3    
= –2 + 6   i   2  6  cos  isin 
2 2   3 3
 

 BAC =
3

Thus, shaded region is given by |z + 2|  6 and 0 arg (z + 2)  Ans. (C)
3
Do yourself -6 :
(i) The inequality |z – 4| < |z – 2| represents region given by -
(A) Re(z) > 0 (B) Re(z) < 0 (C) Re(z) > 3 (D) none
i iz
(ii) If z = re , then the value of |e | is equal to -
(A) e–rcos (B) ercos (C) ersin (D) e–rsin
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 COMPLEX NUMBER
10. SECTION FORMULA AND COORDINATES OF ORTHOCENTRE, CENTROID,
CIRCUMCENTRE, INCENTRE OF A TRIANGLE :
nz1  mz 2
If z1& z2 are two complex numbers then the complex number z = divides the join of
mn
z1& z2 in the ratio m : n.
Note :
(i) If a , b , c are three real numbers such that az1 + bz2 + cz3 = 0 ; where a + b + c = 0 and
a,b,c are not all simultaneously zero, then the complex numbers z1, z2& z3 are collinear.
(ii) If the vertices A, B, C of a triangle represent the complex numbers z 1, z2, z3 respectively,
then :
z  z 2  z3
 Centroid of the ABC = 1
3
 Orthocentre of the ABC =
(a secA)z1  (b sec B) z 2  (c sec C) z 3 z1 tan A  z 2 tan B  z3 tan C
or
a secA  b secB  c secC tan A  tan B  tan C
(az1  bz 2  cz3 )
 Incentre of the ABC =
(a  b c)
(z1sin 2A z 2sin 2B  z3 sin 2C)
 Circumcentre of the ABC =
(sin 2A sin 2B sin 2C)

11. VECTORIAL REPRESENTATION OF A COMPLEX NUMBER :

(a) In complex number every point can be represented in terms of position


vector. If the point P represents the complex number z then, OP = z &

OP = | z |

(b) If P(z1) & Q(z2) be two complex numbers on argand plane then PQ
represents complex number z2 – z1.

Note:
  
(i) If OP = z = r ei then OQ = z1 = r ei(+ ) = z. ei. If OP
  
and OQ are of unequal magnitude then OQ  OP ei i.e.
z1 z i
 e
| z1 | | z |

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 COMPLEX NUMBER

(ii) In general, if z1, z2, z3 be the three vertices of ABC

z3  z1 | z3  z1 | i  z z 
then  e . Here arg  3 1   
z 2  z1 | z 2  z1 |  z 2  z1 

 z  z1 
(iii) Note that the locus of z satisfying arg     is :
 z  z2 
Case (a) 0 < < /2
Locus is major arc of circle as shown
excluding z1& z2


Case (b) < < 
2
   Locus is minor arc of circle as shown
excluding z1& z2

(iv) If A, B, C & D are four points representing the complex numbers z1, z2, z3 & z4
z 4  z3
then AB || CD if is purely real ;
z 2  z1
z 4  z3
AB CD if is purely imaginary.
z 2  z1
(v) If z1, z2, z3 are the vertices of an equilateral triangle where z0 is its circumcentre
then
(1) z12  z22  z32  z1z2  z2z3  z3z1  0 (2) z12  z22  z32  3z02

Illustration 20 : Complex numbers z1, z2, z3 are the vertices A, B, C respectively of an isosceles right
angled triangle with right angle at C. Show that (z1 – z2)2 = 2(z1 – z3)(z3 – z2).
Solution : In the isosceles triangle ABC, AC = BC and BCAC. It
means that AC is rotated through angle /2 to occupy the
position BC.
z 2  z3
Hence we have,  e i/2  i  z 2  z3  i(z1  z3 )
z1  z3
 z22  z32  2z 2z3    z12  z32  2z1z3 
 z12  z22  2z1z2  2z1z3  2z2z3  2z1z2  2z32  2  z1  z3  z3  z 2 
  z1  z2   2  z1  z3  z3  z 2 
2

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 COMPLEX NUMBER
Illustration 21 : If the vertices of a square ABCD are z1, z2, z3 & z4 then find z3 & z4 in terms of z1 & z2.
Solution : Using vector rotation at angle A
i
z3  z1 | z3  z1 | 4
 e
z 2  z1 | z 2  z1 |

 z3  z1  AC and z 2  z1  AB

Also AC = 2 AB

 |z3 – z1| = 2 |z2 – z1|

z3  z1   
 = 2  cos  isin 
z 2  z1  4 4

 z3 – z1 = (z2 – z1)(1 + i)

 z3 = z1 + (z2– z1)(1 + i)

Similarly z4 = z2 + (1 + i)(z1 – z2)

  z  1  2
Illustration 22 : Plot the region represented by  arg   in the Argand plane.
3  z 1  3
 z  1  2
Solution : Let us take arg    , clearly z lies on the minor
 z 1  3
arc of the circle passing through (1, 0) and (–1, 0).
 z  1  2
Similarly, arg   means that 'z' is lying on the
 z 1  3
major arc of the circle passing through (1, 0) and (–1, 0).
Now if we take any point in the region included between
two arcs say
  z  1  2
P1(z1) we get  arg  
3  z 1  3
  z  1  2
Thus  arg   represents the shaded region (excluding points (1, 0) and
3  z 1  3
(–1, 0)).

C.O.: NAIVEDHYAM, Plot No. SP-11, Old INOX, Indira Vihar, Kota (Raj.) 324005 Ph. 0744-2799900 17
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 COMPLEX NUMBER
Do yourself -7 :
(i) A complex number z = 3 + 4i is rotated about another fixed complex number z 1 = 1 + 2i in
anticlockwise direction by 45° angle. Find the complex number represented by new position of
z in argand plane.
(ii) If A, B, C are three points in argand plane representing the complex number z 1, z2, z3 such that
z  z
z1  2 3 , where  R , then find the distance of point A from the line joining points B
 1
and C.
 AB
(iii) If A(z1), B(z2), C(z3) are vertices of ABC in which ABC= and = 2 , then find z2 in
4 BC
terms of z1 and z3.
(iv) If a & b are real numbers between 0 and 1 such that the points z1 = a + i, z2 = 1 + bi and z3 = 0
form an equilateral triangle then a and b are equal to :-
(A) a = b = 1/2 (B) a = b = 2 – 3 (C) a = b = –2 + 3 (D) a = b = 2–1
 z 1  
(v) If arg    , find locus of z.
 z 1  4
12. DE'MOIVRE’S THEOREM :
The value of (cos + isin)n is cosn + isinn if 'n' is integer & it is one of the values of
(cos + isin)n if n is a rational number of the form p/q, where p & q are co-prime.
Note : Continued product of the roots of a complex quantity should be determined by using
theory of equations.

Illustration 23 : If cos + cos + cos = 0 and also sin + sin + sin = 0, then prove that
(a) cos2 + cos2 + cos2 = sin2 + sin2 + sin2 = 0
(b) sin3 + sin3 + sin3 = 3sin()
(c) cos3 + cos3 + cos3 = 3cos()
Solution : Let z1 = cos + i sin, z2 = cos + isin& z3 = cos + isin.
 z1 + z2 + z3 = (cos + cos + cos) + i(sin + sin + sin)
= 0 + i . 0 = 0 .......... (i)
1
(a) Also  (cos   isin ) 1  cos   isin 
z1
1 1
 cos   i sin ,.  cos   i sin 
z2 z3
1 1 1
    (cos   cos   cos  )  i(sin   sin   sin  ) ……(ii)
z1 z 2 z3
=0–i.0=0

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 COMPLEX NUMBER
Now z  z  z   z1  z2  z3   2  z1z2  z 2 z3  z3z1 
2 2 2 2
1 2 3

1 1 1
= 0 – 2z1z 2z3      0  2z1z 2z3.0  0 {using (i) and (ii)}
 z3 z1 z 2 
or (cos + isin)2 + (cos + isin)2 + (cos + isin)2 = 0
or cos2 + isin2 + cos2 + isin2 + cos2 + isin2 = 0 + i.0

Equating real and imaginary parts on both sides,

cos2 + cos2 + cos2 = 0 and sin2 + sin2 + sin2 = 0
If z1 + z2 + z3 = 0 then z1  z 2  z3  3z1z 2z3
3 3 3
(b)
 (cos + isin)3 + (cos + isin)3 + (cos + isin)3
= 3(cos + isin) (cos + isin) (cos + isin)
or cos3 + isin3 + cos3 + isin3 + cos3 + isin3
= 3{cos( +  + ) + isin( +  + )}
Equating imaginary parts on both sides, sin3 + sin3 + sin3 = 3sin()
(c) Equating real parts on both sides, cos3 + cos3 + cos3 = 3cos()

Do yourself -8 :
2r 2r 
(i) If z r  cos  isin , r = 0,1,3, 4,........., then z1z2z3z4z5 is equal to -
5 5
(A) –1 (B) 0 (C) 1 (D) none of these
(ii) If (x – 1)4 – 16 = 0, then the sum of nonreal complex values of x is -
(A) 2 (B) 0 (C) 4 (D) none of these

(iii) If ( 3 – i)n = 2n , n Z , then n is a multiple of -

(A) 6 (B) 10 (C) 9 (D) 12

13. CUBE ROOT OF UNITY :

1  i 3 1  i 3 2
(a) The cube roots of unity are 1, (), ( ).
2 2
(b) If  is one of the imaginary cube roots of unity then 1 +  + 2 = 0. In general 1 + r +
2r = 0 ; where r  I but is not the multiple of 3 & 1 + r + 2r = 3 if r = 3 ;  I
(c) In polar form the cube roots of unity are :
2 2 4 4
1 = cos 0 + i sin 0 ; = cos  isin , 2  cos  isin
3 3 3 3

C.O.: NAIVEDHYAM, Plot No. SP-11, Old INOX, Indira Vihar, Kota (Raj.) 324005 Ph. 0744-2799900 19
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 COMPLEX NUMBER
(d) The three cube roots of unity when plotted on the argand
plane constitute the vertices of an equilateral triangle.
(e) The following factorisation should be remembered :
(a, b, c  R & is the cube root of unity)
a3 – b3 = (a– b) (a – b) (a – 2b) ; x2 + x + 1 =(x– ) (x – 2) ;
a3 + b3 = (a + b) (a + b) (a + 2b) ;
a3 + b3 + c3 – 3abc = (a + b + c) (a + b + 2c) (a + 2b + c)

Illustration 24 : If & are imaginary cube roots of unity then n +n is equal to (where n  I) –
2n 2n 2n 2n
(A) 2cos (B) cos (C) 2isin (D) isin
3 3 3 3
2 
Solution :   cos  isin ;
3 3
2 
  cos  isin
3 3
2    2 2 
n n

     cos
n n
 isin    cos  isin 
 3 3   3 3 
 2n n   2n  2n    2n 
=  cos  isin    cos  isin     2cos   Ans.(A)
 3 3   3  3   3 

Illustration 25 : If , ,  are roots of x3 – 3x2 + 3x + 7 = 0 (and  is imaginary cube root of unity),

 1  1  1
then find the value of   .
 1  1  1
Solution : We have x3 – 3x2 + 3x + 7 = 0
 (x – 1)3 + 8 = 0
 (x – 1) 3 = (–2) 3
 x 1  x 1
3

   1  = (1)1/3 = 1, , 2 (cube roots of units)

 2  2
 x = –1, 1 – 2, 1 – 22
Here  = –1, = 1 – 2,  = 1 – 22
 – 1 = –2, – 1 = –2,  – 1 = –22
  1   1   1  2   2   22  1 1
Then     
2          
2 2 2 2

  1   1   1  2   2   2   
 1  1  1
Therefore    32 . Ans.
 1  1  1

C.O.: NAIVEDHYAM, Plot No. SP-11, Old INOX, Indira Vihar, Kota (Raj.) 324005 Ph. 0744-2799900 20
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 COMPLEX NUMBER

Do yourself -9 :
(i) If  is an imaginary cube root of unity, then (1 +  – 2)2 equals : -
(A)    (B) –4  (C) 2 (D) 4
(ii) If  is a non real cube root of unity, then the expression (1 – )(1 – 2)(1 + 4)(1 + 8) is
equal to :-
(A) 0 (B) 3 (C) 1 (D) 2

14. nth ROOTS OF UNITY :

If 1 , 1 , 2 , 3..... n –1 are the n , nth root of unity then :

(a) They are in G.P. with common ratio ei(2/n)

2
(b) Their arguments are in A.P. with common difference
n
(c) The points represented by n, nth roots of unity are located at the
vertices of a regular polygon of n sides inscribed in a unit
circle having center at origin, one vertex being on positive real
axis.

(d) 1p  1p  p2  ....  pn1  0 if p is not an integral multiple of n

= n if p is an integral multiple of n

(e) (1 – 1) (1 – 2)...... (1 – n – 1) = n

(f) (1 + 1) (1 + 2)....... (1 + n – 1) = 0 if n is even and

= 1 if n is odd.

(g) 1. 1. 2. 3......... n – 1 = 1 or – 1 according as n is odd or even.

6
 2k 2k 
Illustration 26 : Find the value   sin  cos 
k 1  7 7 
6
 2k  6  2k  6 2k 6 2k
Solution :  
k 1 
sin  

7  k 1 
cos  

7  k 1
sin  cos
7 k 0 7
1

 Sum of imaginary part of seven seventh roots of unity 

k 0
6
 (Sum of real part of seven seventh roots of unity) +1 = 0 – 0 + 1 = 1
k 1

C.O.: NAIVEDHYAM, Plot No. SP-11, Old INOX, Indira Vihar, Kota (Raj.) 324005 Ph. 0744-2799900 21
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 COMPLEX NUMBER

15. THE SUM OF THE FOLLOWING SERIES SHOULD BE REMEMBERED :

sin(n  / 2)  n 1 
(a) cos + cos2 + cos3 + ……..+ cosn = cos   .
sin( / 2)  2 
sin(n  / 2)  n  1 
(b) sin + sin2 + sin3 + ………+ sin n= sin   .
sin( / 2)  2 
Note : If  = (2/n) then the sum of the above series vanishes.

16. STRAIGHT LINES & CIRCLES IN TERMS OF COMPLEX NUMBERS :

(a) amp(z–) =  is a ray emanating from the complex

point and inclined at an angle  to the x-axis.

(b) |z – a| = | z – b| is the perpendicular bisector of the segment joining a & b.

(c) The equation of a line joining z1& z2 is given by; z = z1 + t (z1– z2) where t is a
parameter.

(d) z = z1 (1 + it) where t is a real parameter, is a line through the point z1 & perpendicular
to z1.

C.O.: NAIVEDHYAM, Plot No. SP-11, Old INOX, Indira Vihar, Kota (Raj.) 324005 Ph. 0744-2799900 22
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 COMPLEX NUMBER
(e) The equation of a line passing through z1 & z2 can be expressed in the determinant form
z z 1
as z1 z1 1  0. This is also the condition for three complex numbers to be collinear.
z2 z2 1

(f) Complex equation of a straight line through two given points z1 & z2 can be written as
z  z1  z2   z  z1  z 2    z1z2  z1z2   0 , which on manipulating takes the form as
z  z  r  0 , where r is real and  is a non zero complex constant.

(g) The equation of circle having centre z0 & radius is : | z  z0 |  or

zz  z0 z  z0z  z0z0  2  0 which is of the from
zz  z  z  r  0 r is real centre = – & radius =   r . Circle
will be real if   r  0 .
 z  z2  
(h) arg     or (z z1 )(z  z2 )  (z z 2 )(z  z1)  0 this equation
 z  z1  2
represents the circle described on the line segment joining z1 & z2 as
diameter.
z3  z1 z 4  z 2
(i) Condition for four given points z1, z2, z3 & z4 to be concyclic is, the number .
z3  z 2 z 4  z1
is real. Hence the equation of a circle through 3 non collinear points z 1, z2 & z3 can be
(z  z 2 )(z3  z1 ) (z z 2 )(z3  z1 ) (z  z2 )(z3  z1 )
taken as is real  
(z  z1 )(z3  z 2 ) (z z1 )(z3  z 2 ) (z  z1 )(z3  z2 )

Miscellaneous Illustration :
z2
Illustration 27 : If z is a point on the Argand plane such that |z – 1| = 1, then is equal to –
z
(A) tan (arg z) (B) cot (arg z) (C) i tan (arg z) (D) none of these
Solution : Since |z – 1| = 1,
let z –1 = cos + i sin 
Then, z – 2 = cos+ i sin  –1
     
= 2sin 2  2isin cos  2isin  cos  isin  …..(i)
2 2 2 2 2 2
and z =1 + cos  + i sin 
     
= 2cos 2  2isin cos  2cos  cos  isin  …..(ii)
2 2 2 2 2 2
z2    
From (i) and (ii), we get  i tan  i tan  arg z 
 arg z  from(ii)  Ans.(C)
z 2  2 
C.O.: NAIVEDHYAM, Plot No. SP-11, Old INOX, Indira Vihar, Kota (Raj.) 324005 Ph. 0744-2799900 23
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 COMPLEX NUMBER
Illustration 28 : Let a be a complex number such that |a| < 1 and z1, z2, ....... , zn be the vertices of a
polygon such that zk = 1+ a + a2 + .... ak, then show that vertices of the polygon lie
1 1
within the circle z   .
1  a |1  a |
2 1  a k 1
k
Solution : We have, zk = 1 + a + a +……+ a =
1 a
k 1
1 a 1 |a|k 1 1
 zk    zk    | a | 1
1 a 1 a 1  a |1  a | |1  a |
1 1
 Vertices of the polygon z1, z2,.....,zn lie within the circle z  
1  a |1  a |

Illustration 29 : If z1 and z2 are two complex numbers and C > 0, then prove that
|z1 + z2|2 (1 + C) |z1|2 + (1 + C–1)|z2|2
Solution : We have to prove that : |z1 + z2|2 (1 + C) |z1|2 + (1 + C–1)|z2|2
i.e. |z1|2 + |z2|2 + z1z2  z1z2  (1  C) |z1|2 + (1 +C–1)|z2|2
or z1z2  z1z2  C | z1 |2 C1 | z 2 |2
1
or C | z1 |2  | z 2 |2 z1z2  z1z 2  0 (using Re (z1z2 )  z1z2 )
C
2
 1 
or  C | z1 |  | z2 |   0 Which is always true.
 C 

Illustration 30 : If  [/6, /3], i = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and z4 cos1 + z3 cos2 + z2 cos3 + z cos4 + cos5
3
= 2 3 , then show that |z| >
4
Solution : Given that cos1.z + cos2.z3 + cos3.z2 + cos4. z + cos5 = 2 3
4

or cos 1.z  cos 2 .z  cos 3.z  cos 4 .z  cos 5  2 3

4 3 2

2 3  cos 1.z4  cos 2 .z3  cos 3.z 2  cos 4.z  cos 5

 i [ /6, /3]
1 3
  cos i 
2 2
3 4 3 3 3 2 3 3
2 3 |z|  |z|  |z|  |z|
2 2 2 2 2
 3 | z |  | z |  | z |  | z |
4 3 2
 3 | z |  | z |2  | z |3  | z |4  | z |5 .......
|z|
3 3 – 3|z| < |z| 4|z| > 3
1 | z |
3
 | z |
4
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 COMPLEX NUMBER
2 1 1
Illustration 31 : If z1, z2, z3 are complex numbers such that   , show
z1 z 2 z3
that the points represented by z1, z2, z3 lie on a circle passing
through the origin.
2 1 1 1 1 1 1 z z z z
Solution : We have,        2 1  1 3
z1 z 2 z3 z1 z 2 z3 z1 z1z 2 z1z3
z 2  z1 z 2  z z   z 
   arg  2 1   arg  2 
z3  z1 z3  z3  z1   z3 
 z z  z  z
arg  2 1     arg  2   or     arg 3          
 z3  z1   z3  z2
Thus the sum of a pair of opposite angle of a quadrilateral is 180°. Hence, the points
0, z1, z2 and z3 are the vertices of a cyclic quadrilateral i.e. lie on a circle.

Illustration 32 : Two given points P & Q are the reflection points w.r.t. a given
straight line if the given line is the right bisector of the segment
PQ. Prove that the two points denoted by the complex numbers z1
& z2 will be the reflection points for the straight line
z  z  r  0 if and only if ; z1   z2  r  0 , where r is real
and  is non zero complex constant.
Solution : Let P(z1) is the reflection point of Q(z2) then the perpendicular
bisector of z1 & z2 must be the line
z  z  r  0 …….(i)
Now perpendicular bisector of z1 & z2 is, | z – z1 |= | z – z2 |
or (z z1 )(z  z1 )  (z z 2 )(z  z2 )
 zz1  z1z  z1z1   zz2  z 2 z  z 2 z2 ( zz cancels on either side)
or (z2  z1 )z (z 2  z1 ) z  z1z1  z 2 z2  0 ………(ii)
  r
Comparing (i) & (ii)   
z2  z1 z 2  z1 z1z1  z 2 z2
   (z2  z1 ) …….(iii)   (z 2  z1 ) …….(iv)
r  (z1z1  z2 z2 ) ……….(v)
Multiplying (iii) by z1; (iv) by z2 and adding
 z1   z2  r  0
Note that we could also multiply (iii) by z2& (iv) by z1 & add to get the same result.
Hence  z1   z2  r  0
Again, let  z1   z2  r  0 is true w.r.t. the line  z z  r  0
Subtracting (z z1 )  (z  z2 )  0
or (z z1 )    (z  z2 ) or z z1  z z 2  z  z 2
Hence 'z' lies on the perpendicular bisector of joins of z1 & z2.

C.O.: NAIVEDHYAM, Plot No. SP-11, Old INOX, Indira Vihar, Kota (Raj.) 324005 Ph. 0744-2799900 25
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 COMPLEX NUMBER
ANSWERS FOR DO YOURSELF
1: (i) n = 4 (ii) 0 2: (i) –17 + 24i (iii) ±(1 – 4i)
2 5 
3: (i) |z| = 4; amp(z) = (ii)| z | = 2; amp(z) = – (iii) | z | = 2; amp(z) = –
3 6 2
1 3 
(iv) | z | ;amp(z)  (v)| z | = 2; amp(z)=
2 4 3

4: (i) 13 units
(ii) locus is a circle on complex plane with center at (2,3) and radius 1 unit.(iii) C
 3   4 
 3 3  i 
 4 4  i 3 
5: (i) 2 2  cos  isin  ;2 2e  4  (ii) 2  cos  isin  ;2e
 4 4   3 3 
 3 
 3 3  i 
(iii) 2  cos  isin  ; 2e  4 
 4 4 
 
            i  
(iv) 2sin    cos     isin     ;2sin   e  2 2 
 2   2 2  2 2  2

6: (i) C (ii) D

7: (i) 1+ (2 + 2 2 )i (ii) 0 (iii) z2 = z3 + i(z1 – z3) (iv) B

(v) Locus is all the points on the major arc of circle as shown excluding points 1 & –1.

8: (i) C (ii) A (iii) D

9: (i) D (ii) B

C.O.: NAIVEDHYAM, Plot No. SP-11, Old INOX, Indira Vihar, Kota (Raj.) 324005 Ph. 0744-2799900 26
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 COMPLEX NUMBER

EXERCISE # 1
PART-A

1. Simplify and express the result in the form of a + bi

2
 1  2i   4i3  i 
2
–1 (2  i) 2 (2  i) 2
(a)   (b) –i(9 + 6i)(2 – i) (c)   (d) 
 2i   2i  1  2i 2i
(e) A square P1P2P3P4 is drawn in the complex plane with P1 at (1, 0) and P3 at (3, 0). Let
Pn denotes the point (xn, yn) n = 1, 2, 3, 4. Find the numerical value of the product of
complex numbers (x1 + i y1)(x2 + i y2)(x3 + i y3)(x4 + i y4).
2. Given that x, y  R, solve :
(a) (x + 2y) + i (2x – 3y) = 5 – 4i
(b) (x + iy) + (7 – 5i) = 9 + 4i
(c) x2– y2– i (2x + y) = 2i

3. Find the square root of :

(a) 9 + 40 i (b) –11 – 60 i (c) 50 i

4. (a) If f (x) = x4 + 9x3 + 35x2– x + 4, find f (– 5 + 4i)

(b) If g (x) = x4– x3 + x2 + 3x – 5, find g(2 + 3i)

5. Solve the following equations over C and express the result in the form a + ib, a, b  R.
(a) ix2– 3x – 2i = 0 (b) 2 (1 + i) x2– 4 (2 – i) x – 5 – 3 i = 0

6. Locate the points representing the complex number z on the Argand plane :
(a) |z + 1 – 2i| = 7 (b) |z – 1|2 + |z + 1|2 = 4
z 3
(c) 3 (D) |z – 3| = |z – 6|
z3

7. If a & b are real numbers between 0 & 1 such that the points z1 = a + i, z2 = 1 + bi & z3 = 0
form an equilateral triangle, then find the values of 'a' and 'b'.

8. Let z1 = 1 + i and z2 = – 1 – i. Find z3 C such that triangle z1z2z3 is equilateral.

9. For what real values of x & y are the numbers –3 + ix2 y & x2 + y + 4i conjugate complex ?

x y
10. If (x + iy)1/3 = a + bi, then prove that 4 (a2– b2) =  .
a b
11.
2

(a) Prove the identity, 1  z1z2  z1  z 2  1  z1
2
1  z 
2
2
2

(b) Prove the identity, 1  z1z2  z1  z 2  1  z 1  z 

2 2 2 2
1 2

(c) For any two complex numbers, prove that z1  z 2  z1  z 2  2  z1  z 2  . Also give the
2 2 2 2
 
geometrical interpretation of this identity.
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 COMPLEX NUMBER
12. Find the Cartesian equation of the locus of 'z' in the complex plane satisfying, |z – 4| + |z + 4| = 16.

Paragraph for question nos. 13 to 15

z i
Consider a complex number w = , where z = x + iy and x, y  R.
2z  1
13. If the complex number w is purely imaginary then locus of z is -
(A) a straight line
 1 1 5
(B) a circle with centre   ,  and radius .
 4 2 4
1 1
(C) a circle with centre  ,   and passing through origin.
4 2
(D) neither a circle nor a straight line.

14. If the complex number w is purely real then locus of z is

(A) a straight line passing through origin
(B) a straight line with gradient 3 and y intercept (–1)
(C) a straight line with gradient 2 and y intercept 1.
(D) none

15. If | w | = 1 then the locus of P is

(A) a point circle (B) an imaginary circle
(C) a real circle (D) not a circle.

PART-B
1. If z + z3 = 0 then which of the following must be true on the complex plane?
(A) Re(z) < 0 (B) Re(z) = 0 (C) Im(z) = 0 (D) z4 = 1

2. Number of integral values of n for which the quantity (n + i)4 where i2 = – 1, is an integer is
(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 3 (D) 4

3. Let i = 1 . The product of the real part of the roots of z2 – z = 5 – 5i is

(A) – 25 (B) – 6 (C) – 5 (D) 25

4. There is only one way to choose real numbers M and N such that when the polynomial
5x4 + 4x3 + 3x2 + Mx + N is divided by the polynomial x2 + 1, the remainder is 0. If M and N
assume these unique values, then M – N is
(A) – 6 (B) – 2 (C) 6 (D) 2

5. The complex number z satisfying z + | z | = 1 + 7i then the value of | z |2 equals

(A) 625 (B) 169 (C) 49 (D) 25

6. Number of values of z (real or complex) simultaneously satisfying the system of equations

1 + z + z2 + z3 + .......... + z17 = 0 and 1 + z + z2 + z3 + .......... + z13 = 0 is
(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 3 (D) 4
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 COMPLEX NUMBER
x 3 y 3
7. If   i where x, y  R then
3i 3i
(A) x = 2 & y = – 8 (B) x = – 2 & y = 8 (C) x = – 2 & y = – 6 (D) x = 2 & y = 8

8. Number of complex numbers z satisfying z3= z is

(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 4 (D) 5

9. Let z = 9 + bi where b is non zero real and i2 = – 1. If the imaginary part of z2 and z3 are equal,
then b2 equals
(A) 261 (B) 225 (C) 125 (D) 361

13
10. The value of sum  (i n  i n 1 ) , where i = 1 , equals
n 1
(A) i (B) i – 1 (C) –1 (D) 0

One or more than one is/are correct :

11. The diagram shows several numbers in the complex plane. The circle is the unit circle centered
at the origin. One of these numbers is the reciprocal of F, which is

(A) A (B) B (C) C (D) D

1  iz
12. If z = x + iy & = then || = 1 implies that, in the complex plane
z i
(A) z lies on the imaginary axis (B) z lies on the real axis
(C) z lies on the unit circle (D) none

13. On the complex plane locus of a point z satisfying the inequality

2  | z – 1 | < 3 denotes
(A) region between the concentric circles of radii 3 and 1 centered at (1, 0)
(B) region between the concentric circles of radii 3 and 2 centered at (1, 0) excluding the inner
and outer boundaries.
(C) region between the concentric circles of radii 3 and 2 centered at (1, 0) including the inner
and outer boundaries.
(D) region between the concentric circles of radii 3 and 2 centered at (1, 0) including the inner
boundary and excluding the outer boundary.

14. The complex number z satisfies z + | z | = 2 + 8i. The value of | z | is

(A) 10 (B) 13 (C) 17 (D) 23

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 COMPLEX NUMBER
15. Let Z1 = (8 + i)sin  + (7 + 4i)cos  and Z2 = (1 + 8i)sin  + (4 + 7i)cos  are two complex
numbers. If Z1 · Z2 = a + ib where a, b  R then the largest value of (a + b)  R, is
(A) 75 (B) 100 (C) 125 (D) 130

16. The locus of z, for arg z = –3 is

(A) same as the locus of z for arg z = 2/3
(B) same as the locus of z for arg z = 3
(C) the part of the straight line 3x  y  0 with (y < 0, x > 0)
(D) the part of the straight line 3x  y  0 with (y > 0, x < 0)

17. If z1 & z1 represent adjacent vertices of a regular polygon of n sides with centre at the origin &
Im z1
if  2  1 then the value of n is equal to :
Re z1
(A) 8 (B) 12 (C) 16 (D) 24

18. All real numbers x which satisfy the inequality 1  4i  2 x  5 where i  1 , x  R are
(A) [–2, ) (B) (–, 2] (C) [0, ) (D) [–2, 0]

1 i 1 i 1 i
19. For Z1  6 ; Z2  6 ; Z3  6 which of the following holds good?
1 i 3 3 i 3 i
3
(A)  Z1 
8
(B) Z1  Z2  Z3
2 4 4

2
(C)  Z1  Z2  Z3
6
(D) Z1  Z2  Z3
3 3 4 4 8

20. Number of real or purely imaginary solution of the equation, z3 + i z – 1 = 0 is :

(A) zero (B) one (C) two (D) three

21. A point 'z' moves on the curve |z – 4 – 3 i| = 2 in an argand plane. The maximum and minimum
values of | z | are
(A) 2, 1 (B) 6, 5 (C) 4, 3 (D) 7, 3

22. If z is a complex number satisfying the equation | z + i | + | z – i | = 8, on the complex plane

then maximum value of | z | is
(A) 2 (B) 4 (C) 6 (D) 8

23. Let zr (1  r  4) be complex numbers such that | zr | = r  1

and | 30 z1 + 20 z2 + 15 z3 + 12 z4| = k | z1z2 z3+ z2z3 z4+ z3z4 z1+ z4z1 z2 |.
Then the value of k equals
(A) | z1z2 z3 | (B) | z2z3z4 | (C) | z3z4 z1 | (D) | z4z1 z2 |

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 COMPLEX NUMBER
24. Let Z be a complex number satisfying the equation (Z3 + 3)2 = – 16 then | Z | has the value
equal to
(A) 51/2 (B) 51/3 (C) 52/3 (D) 5

3 4 5
25. If z1, z2, z3 are 3 distinct complex numbers such that   ,
| z 2  z3 | | z3  z1 | | z1  z 2 |
9 16 25
then the value of   equals
z 2  z3 z3  z1 z1  z 2
(A) 0 (B) 3 (C) 4 (D) 5

26. The area of the triangle whose vertices are the roots z3 + iz2 + 2i = 0 is
3 3
(A) 2 (B) 7 (C) 7 (D) 7
2 4

27. Consider two complex numbers  and  as

 a  bi   a  bi 
2 2
z 1
    , where a, b  R and  = , where | z | = 1, then
 a  bi   a  bi  z 1
(A) Both  and  are purely real
(B) Both  and  are purely imaginary
(C)  is purely real and  is purely imaginary
(D)  is purely real and  is purely imaginary

28. Let Z is complex satisfying the equation z2 – (3 + i)z + m + 2i = 0, where m R. Suppose the
equation has a real root. The additive inverse of non real root, is
(A)1 – i (B)1 + i (C)– 1 – i (D)–2

29. The minimum value of |z – 1 + 2i| + |4i – 3 – z| is

(A) 5 (B) 5 (C) 2 13 (D) 15

334 365
 1 i 3  1 i 3
30. If i = 1 , then 4 + 5     + 3     is equal to
 2 2   2 2 
(A) 1 – i 3 (B) – 1 + i 3 (C) i 3 (D) – i 3

31. Let C1 and C2 are concentric circles of radius 1 and 8/3 respectively having centre at (3, 0) on
 | z  3 |2 2 
the argand plane. If the complex number z satisfies the inequality, log1/3   1
 11| z  3 | 2 
then:
(A) z lies outside C1 but inside C2
(B) z lies inside of both C1 and C2
(C) z lies outside both of C1 and C2
(D) none of these

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 COMPLEX NUMBER
32. Identify the incorrect statement.
(A) no non zero complex number z satisfies the equation, z = – 4z
(B) z = z implies that z is purely real
(C) z = – z implies that z is purely imaginary
(D) if z1, z2 are the roots of the quadratic equation az2 + bz + c = 0 such that Im (z1 z2)  0 then
a, b, c must be real numbers .

33. The equation of the radical axis of the two circles represented by the equations,
|z – 2| = 3 and |z – 2 – 3 i| = 4 on the complex plane is :
(A)3y + 1 = 0 (B) 3y – 1 = 0 (C)2y – 1 = 0 (D) none

a b
34. z1  ; z2  ; z3 = a – bi for a, b  R
1 i 2i
if z1 – z2 = 1 then the centroid of the triangle formed by the points z1, z2, z3 in the argand’s
plane is given by
1 1 1 1
(A) (1  7i) (B) (1  7i) (C) (1  3i) (D) (1  3i)
9 3 3 9

35. Consider the equation 10z2 – 3iz – k = 0, where z is a complex variable and i2 = – 1. Which of
the following statements is True?
(A) For all real positive numbers k, both roots are pure imaginary.
(B) For negative real numbers k, both roots are pure imaginary.
(C) For all pure imaginary numbers k, both roots are real and irrational.
(D) For all complex numbers k, neither root is real.

z z
36. Number of complex numbers z such that | z | = 1 and   1 is
z z
(A) 4 (B) 6 (C) 8 (D)more than 8

2
37. If z is a complex number satisfying the equation |z – (1 + i)|2 = 2 and   , then the locus
z
traced by'' in the complex plane is
(A)x – y – 1 = 0 (B) x + y – 1 = 0 (C)x – y + 1 = 0 (D)x + y + 1 = 0

1 1 1 1
38. If P and Q are respectively by the complex numbers z1 and z2 such that    , then
z1 z 2 z1 z 2
the circumcentre of OPQ (where O is the origin) is
z z z z z z
(A) 1 2 (B) 1 2 (C) 1 2 (D) z1 + z2
2 2 3

39. If z1& z2 are two non-zero complex numbers such that |z1 + z2| = |z1| + |z2|, then Arg z1– Arg z2
is equal to
(A) – (B) –/2 (C) 0 (D)/2

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 COMPLEX NUMBER
40. A particle starts from a point z0 = 1 + i, where i = 1 . It moves horizontally away from origin
by 2 units and then vertically away from origin by 3 units to reach a point z 1. From z1 particle
moves 5 units in the direction of 2iˆ  ˆj and then it moves through an angle of cosec–1 2 in
anticlockwise direction of a circle with centre at origin to reach a point z2. The arg z2 is given
by
 3 1   1 
(A) sec–12 (B) cot–10 (C) sin 1   (D) cos 1  
 2 2   2
41. Consider az + bz + c = 0, where a, b, c  R and 4ac > b .
2 2

(i) If z1 and z2 are the roots of the equation given above, then which one of the following
complex numbers is purely real?
(A) z1 z2 (B) z1z 2 (C) z1  z 2 (D)  z1  z 2  i
(ii) In the argand's plane, if A is the point representing z1, B is the point representing z2 &

OA
z =  then
OB
(A) z is purely real (B) z is purely imaginary
(C) | z | = 1 (D) AOB is a scalene triangle.

1
42. If the complex number z satisfies the condition |z|  3, then the least value of z  is equal to:
z
(A) 5/3 (B) 8/3 (C) 11/3 (D)none of these

   
43. Given z p  cos  P   isin  P  , then Lim(z1z 2z3 .........z n ) =
2  2  n 

(A) 1 (B) –1 (C) i (D) –i

44. The maximum & minimum values of |z + 1| when |z + 3| 3 are :

(A) (5, 0) (B) (6, 0) (C) (7, 1) (D) (5, 1)

45. If |z| = 1 and | – 1| = 1 where z, C, then the largest set of values of
|2z – 1|2 + |2 – 1|2equals
(A) [1, 9] (B) [2, 6] (C) [2, 12] (D) [2, 18]

 2
46. If Arg (z + a) = and Arg (z – a) = ; a  R+, then
6 3
(A) z is independent of a (B)|a| = |z + a|
 
(C)z = a C is (D) z = a C is
6 3

47. If z1, z2, z3 are the vertices of the ABC on the complex plane which are also the roots of the
equation,z3– 3z2 + 3z + x = 0, then the condition for the ABC to be equilateral triangle is
(A)2 =  (B)  = 2 (C) 2 = 3 (D) = 32

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 COMPLEX NUMBER
48. The locus represented by the equation, z – 1 + | z + 1 | = 2 is :
(A) an ellipse with focii (1 , 0) ; (–1 , 0)
(B) one of the family of circles passing through the points of intersection of the circles |z – 1| = 1 &
|z + 1| = 1
(C) the radical axis of the circles |z – 1| = 1 and |z + 1| = 1
(D) the portion of the real axis between the points (1 , 0) ; (– 1 , 0) including both.

Paragraph for question nos. 49 to 51

Let A, B, C be three sets of complex numbers as defined below.

 z 1 
A = {z : | z +1 |  2 + Re(z)}, B = {z : | z –1 |  1} and C = z :  1
 z 1 

49. The number of point(s) having integral coordinates in the region A B  C is

(A) 4 (B) 5 (C) 6 (D) 10

50. The area of region bounded by A B C is

(A) 2 3 (B) 3 (C) 4 3 (D) 2

51. The real part of the complex number in the region A  B C and having maximum amplitude
is
3 1
(A) –1 (B) (C) (D) –2
2 2

[MATCH THE COLUMN]

52. Match the equation in z, in Column-I with the corresponding values of arg(z) in Column-II.
Column-I Column-II
(equations in z) (principal value of arg (z) )
2
(A)z – z + 1 = 0 (P) – 2/3
2
(B) z + z + 1 = 0 (Q) – /3
2
(C) 2z + 1 + i 3 = 0 (R) /3
(D) 2z2 + 1 – i 3 = 0 (S) 2/3

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 COMPLEX NUMBER
EXERCISE # 2
1. Find the modulus, argument and the principal argument of the complex numbers.
2i
(i) 6 (cos 310° – i sin 310°) (ii) –2 (cos 30° + i sin 30°) (iii)
4i  (1  i) 2

2. (a) Let Z is complex satisfying the equation, z2 – (3 + i)z + m + 2i = 0, where m R.

Suppose the equation has a real root, then find the value of m.
(b) a, b, c are real numbers in the polynomial, P(Z) = 2Z4 + aZ3 + bZ2 + cZ + 3. If two roots
of the equation P(Z) = 0 are 2 and i, then find the value of 'a'.

3. Find the real values of x & y for which z1 = 9y2– 4 – 10 i x and z2 = 8y2– 20 i are conjugate
complex of each other.

4. (a) Solve the following equation z2 – (3 – 2i)z = (5i – 5) expressing your answer in the form
of (a + ib).
(b) If (1 – i) is a root of the equation z3 – 2(2 – i)z2 + (4 – 5i)z – 1 + 3i = 0, then find the
other two roots.

5. (a) If i Z3 + Z2– Z + i = 0, then find |Z|.

z1  2z 2
(b) Let z1 and z2 be two complex numbers such that  1 and | z2 |  1, find | z1 |.
2  z1 z2
(c) Find the minimum value of the expression E = |z|2 + |z – 3|2 + |z – 6i|2
(where z = x + iy, x,y  R)

6. Show that the product,

  1  i    1  i     1  i     1  i 2 
22 n

 
2
1
1   2   1   2   1   2   ...... 1   2   is equal to  1  2n  (1  i) where n  2.
                 2 

1  z  z2
7. Let z be a complex number such that z  c\R and  R , then prove that |z| = 1.
1  z  z2

n
8. Let z = (0, 1) C. Express  z k in terms of the positive integer n.
k 0

9. Among the complex numbers z satisfying the condition |z + 3 – 3i |= 3 , find the number
having the least positive argument.

e2iA eiC eiB

10. If A, B and C are the angles of a triangle D = eiC e 2iB eiA , where i = 1 , then find the
eiB eiA e 2iC
value of D.

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 COMPLEX NUMBER
11. Dividing f(z) by z – i, we get the remainder i and dividing it by z + i, we get the remainder
1 + i. Find the remainder upon the division of f(z) by z2 + 1.

12. (a) Find all non-zero complex numbers Z satisfying Z = i Z2.

(b) If the complex numbers z1, z2, .................zn lie on the unit circle |z| = 1 then show that
|z1 + z2 + ..............+zn| = |z1–1 + z2 –1 +................+ zn –1|.

z 1
13. Let |z| = 2 and w  where z, w  C (where C is the set of complex numbers). If M and m
z 1
respectively be the greatest and least modulus of w, then find the value of (2010m + M).

14. If  is the imaginary cube root of unity, then find the number of pairs of integers (a, b) such the
|a + b| = 1.

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 COMPLEX NUMBER
EXERCISE # 3 (JM)
1. If |z + 4|  3, then the maximum value of |z + 1| is- [AIEEE-2007]
(1) 4 (2) 10 (3) 6 (4) 0

1
2. The conjugate of a complex number is , then that complex number is- [AIEEE-2008]
i 1
1 1 1 1
(1) (2) (3) (4)
i 1 i 1 i 1 i 1

4
3. If Z   2, , then the maximum value of |Z| is equal to :- [AIEEE-2009]
Z
(1) 2 (2) 2 + 2 (3) 3 +1 (4) 5  1

4. The number of complex numbers z such that |z – 1| = |z + 1| = |z – i| equals :- [AIEEE-2010]

(1) 0 (2) 1 (3) 2 (4) 

5. If  and  are the roots of the equation x2 – x + 1 = 0, then 2009 + 2009 = [AIEEE-2010]
(1) –2 (2) –1 (3) 1 (4) 2

6. Let ,  be real and z be a complex number. If z2 + z+  = 0 has two distinct roots on the line
Re z = 1, then it is necessary that :- [AIEEE-2011]
(1) | 1 (2) (1,) (3)  (0,1) (4)  (–1,0)

7. If (1) is a cube root of unity, and (1 +)7 = A + B. Then (A, B) equals :- [AIEEE-2011]
(1) (1, 0) (2) (–1, 1) (3) (0, 1) (4) (1, 1)

z2
8. If z 1 and is real, then the point represented by the complex number z lies :
z 1
(1) on the imaginary axis. [AIEEE-2012]
(2) either on the real axis or on a circle passing through the origin.
(3) on a circle with centre at the origin.
(4) either on the real axis or on a circle not passing through the origin.

 1 z 
9. If z is a complex number of unit modulus and argument , then arg   equals
 1 z 

(1) – (2)   (3)  (4) 
2
[JEE (Main)-2013]

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 COMPLEX NUMBER
1
10. If z is a complex number such that |z|  2, then the minimum value of z  :
2
[JEE(Main)-2014]
5
(1) is equal to (2) lies in the interval (1, 2)
2
5 3 5
(3) is strictly greater than (4) is strictly greater than but less than
2 2 2

11. A complex number z is said to be unimodular if |z| = 1. Suppose z1 and z2 are complex numbers
z  2z 2
such that 1 is unimodular and z2 is not unimodular. Then the point z1 lies on a :
2  z1 z2
(1) circle of radius 2 (2) circle of radius 2
(3) straight line parallel to x-axis (4) straight line parallel to y-axis
[JEE(Main)-2015]

2  3isin 
12. A value of  for which is purely imaginary, is : [JEE(Main)-2016]
1  2isin 
 1     3
(1) sin 1   (2) (3) (4) sin 1  
 3 3 6  4 
1 1 1
13. Let  be a complex number such that 2 + 1 = z where z = 3 . If 1   1 2  3k then k
2

1 2 7
is equal to : [JEE(Main)-2017]
(1) 1 (2) –z (3) z (4) –1

14. If ,  C are the distinct roots, of the equation x2 – x + 1 = 0, then 101 + 107 is equal to :
(1) 2 (2) –1 (3) 0 (4) 1 [JEE(Main)-2018]

15. Let  and  be two roots of the equation x2 + 2x + 2 = 0, then 15 + 15 is equal to :
(1) 512 (2) –512 (3) –256 (4) 256
[JEE(Main)-2019]
    3  2isin  
16. Let A     ,   : is purely imaginary 
  2  1  2isin  
Then the sum of the elements in A is : [JEE(Main)-2019]
5 2 3
(1) (2) (3) (4) 
6 3 4

17. Let z0 be a root of the quadratic equation, x2 + x + 1 = 0. If z = 3 + 6i z81

0 – 6i z 0 ,
93

then arg z is equal to : [JEE(Main)-2019]

  
(1) (2) 0 (3) (4)
3 6 4
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 COMPLEX NUMBER
3z 2z
18. Let z1 and z2 be any two non-zero complex numbers such that 3|z1| = 4 |z2|. If z  1  2
2z 2 3z1
then: [JEE(Main)-2019]
1 17 5
(1) | z |  (2) Im(z) = 0 (3) Re(z) = 0 (4) |z| =
2 2 2

5 5
 3 i  3 i
19. Let z         . If R(z) and I(z) respectively denote the real and imaginary
 2 2  2 2
parts of z, then : [JEE(Main)-2019]
(1) R(z) > 0 and I(z) > 0 (2) R(z) < 0 and I(z) > 0
(3) R(z) = – 3 (4) I(z) = 0

3
x  iy
20.


1 
Let  2  i  
3  27
 
i  1 , where x and y are real numbers, then y – x equals ;

(1) 85 (2) – 85 (3) 91 (4) –91

[JEE(Main)-2019]

21. Let z be a complex number such that |z| + z = 3 + i (where i = 1 ). Then |z| is equal to:
41 5 34 5
(1) (2) (3) (4)
4 3 3 4
[JEE(Main)-2019]
z
22. If ( R) is a purely imaginary number and |z| = 2, then a value of  is :
z
1
(1) 2 (2) 2 (3) 1 (4)
2
[JEE(Main)-2019]

23. Let z1 and z2 be two complex numbers satisfying |z1| = 9 and |z2 – 3 – 4i| = 4. Then the
minimum value of |z1 – z2| is: [JEE(Main)-2019]
(1) 0 (2) 1 (3) 2 (4) 2

3 i
24. If z =  (i  1) , then (1 + iz + z5 + iz8)9 is equal to : [JEE(Main)-2019]
2 2
(1) – 1 (2) (– 1 + 2i)9 (3) 0 (4) 1

  i 
25. All the points in the set S   ;   R  (i  1) lie on a : [JEE(Main)-2019]
  i 
(1) circle whose radius is 1 (2) straight line whose slope is 1
(3) circle whose radius is 2 (4) straight line whose slope is –1

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 COMPLEX NUMBER
5  3z
26. Let z  C be such that | z | < 1. If  = , then : [JEE(Main)-2019]
5(1 – z)
(1) 5 Re() > 1 (2) 4 lm() > 5 (3) 5 Re()>4 (4) 5ln() <1

(1  i) 2 2
27. If a > 0 and z = , has magnitude , then z is equal to : [JEE(Main)-2019]
a –i 5
3 1 1 3 1 3 1 3
(1) – – i (2) – i (3) – – i (4) –  i
5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5


28. If z and w are two complex numbers such that |zw| = 1 and arg(z) – arg(w) = , then :
2
1 i 1  i
(1) zw  (2) zw  (3) zw  i (4) zw  –i
2 2
[JEE(Main)-2019]

29. The equation |z – i| = |z – 1|, i = –1 , represents: [JEE(Main)-2019]

1
(1) a circle of radius . (2) the line through the origin with slop –1.
2
(3) the line through the origin with slope 1. (4) a circle of radius 1.

2z  n
30. Let z  C with Im(z) = 10 and it satisfies = 2i – 1 for some natural number n. Then :
2z  n
(1) n = 20 and Re(z) = – 10 (2) n = 20 and Re(z) = 10
(3) n = 40 and Re(z) = 10 (4) n = 40 and Re(z) = – 10
[JEE(Main)-2019]

 z 1 
31. If Re    1 , where z = x + iy, then the point (x, y) lies on a : [JEE(Main)-2020]
 2z  i 
5 3
(1) circle whose diameter is . (2) straight line whose slope is .
2 2
 1 3  2
(3) circle whose centre is at   ,   . (4) straight line whose slope is  .
 2 2 3

3  i sin 
32. If ,  , 2, is a real number, then an argument of sin + icos is :
4  i cos 
1 3 4 4 3
(1)  tan   (2) tan–1   (3)  – tan–1   (4) – tan–1  
4 3 3 4
[JEE(Main)-2020]
33. If the equation, x2 + bx + 45 = 0 (b  R) has conjugate complex roots and they satisfy
|z + 1| = 2 10 , then : [JEE(Main)-2020]
2 2 2 2
(1) b + b = 12 (2) b – b = 30 (3) b – b = 42 (4) b + b = 72

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 COMPLEX NUMBER
1  i 3 100 100
34. Let  = , if a = (1  )  2k and b   3k then [JEE(Main)-2020]
2 k 0 k 0
a and b are the roots of the quadratic equation
(1) x2 + 102x + 101 = 0 (2) x2 + 101x + 100 = 0
2
(3) x – 102x + 101 = 0 (4) x2 –101x + 100 = 0

z i 5
35. Let z be a complex number such that  1 and | z | . Then value of |z + 3i| is
z  2i 2
7 15
(1) (2) 10 (3) (4) 2 3
2 4
[JEE(Main)-2020]

36. If z be a complex number satisfying |Re(z)| + |Im(z)| = 4, then |z| cannot be :

17
(1) 8 (2) 10 (3) (4) 7
2
[JEE(Main)-2020]
2 2 
3

 1  sin 9  i cos 9 
37. The value of   is : [JEE(Main)-2020]
 1  sin 2  i cos 2 
 9 9 
1 1 1 1
(1) (1  i 3) (2)  (1  i 3) (3) ( 3  i) (4)  ( 3  i)
2 2 2 2

   
1 1

38. The imaginary part of 3  2 54 2

 3  2 54 2
can be : [JEE(Main)-2020]
(1) 6 (2) 2 6 (3) – 6 (4) 6

 1 i   1 i 
m/2 n/3

39. If      1 , (m, n  N) then the greatest common divisor of the least values of
 1 i   i 1 
m and n is ______. [JEE(Main)-2020]


40. If z1 , z2 are complex numbers such that Re(z1) = |z1 – 1|, Re(z2) = |z2 – 1| and arg(z1 – z2) = ,
6
then Im(z1 + z2) is equal to : [JEE(Main)-2020]
3 2 1
(1) (2) (3) (4) 2 3
2 3 3
2z  i
41. Let u = , z = x + iy and k > 0. If the curve represented by Re(u) + Im(u) = 1 intersects the
z  ki
y-axis at the points P and Q where PQ = 5, then the value of k is : [JEE(Main)-2020]
(1) 1/2 (2) 3/2 (3) 4 (4) 2

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 COMPLEX NUMBER
1  i 3
42. If a and b are real numbers such that (2 + )4 = a + b, where   ,then a + b is equal
2
to : [JEE(Main)-2020]
(1) 33 (2) 9 (3) 57 (4) 24

43. If the four complex numbers z, z , z  2 Re(z) and z – 2Re(z) represent the vertices of a square
of side 4 units in the Argand plane, then |z| is equal to : [JEE(Main)-2020]
(1) 2 (2) 4 2 (3) 2 2 (4) 4

30
 1  i 3 
44. The value of   is : [JEE(Main)-2020]
 1 i 
(1) –215 i (2) 215 i (3) 65 (4) –215

45. The region represented by [JEE(Main)-2020]

{z = x + iy  C : |z| – Re(z)  1} is also given by the inequality :
1  1
(1) y2  x + 1 (2) y2  2(x + 1) (3) y2  x + (4) y 2  2  x  
2  2

46. Let z = x + iy be a non-zero complex number such that z2 = i|z|2 , where i = 1 , then z lies
on the : [JEE(Main)-2020]
(1) imaginary axis (2) real axis (3) line, y = x (4) line, y = –x

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 COMPLEX NUMBER
EXERCISE # 4 (JA)
1. A man walks a distance of 3 units from the origin towards the North-East (N 45° E) direction.
From there, he walks a distance of 4 units towards the North-West (N 45° W) direction to reach
a point P. Then the position of P in the Argand plane is [JEE 2007, 3M]
i/4 i4 i/4
(A) 3e + 4i (B) (3 – 4i)e (C) (4 + 3i)e (D) (3+ 4i)ei/4

z
2. If | z | = 1 and z  ± 1, then all the values of lie on [JEE 2007, 3+3]
1  z2
(A) a line not passing through the origin (B) | z | = 2
(C) the x-axis (D) the y-axis

3. A particle P starts from the point z0 = 1 + 2i, where i = 1 . It moves first horizontally away
from origin by 5 units and then vertically away from origin by 3 units to reach a point z 1. From
z1 the particle moves 2 units in the direction of the vector ˆi  ˆj and then it moves through an

angle in anticlockwise direction on a circle with centre at origin, to reach a point z 2. The
2
point z2 is given by [JEE 2008, 3M, –1M]
(A) 6 + 7i (B) – 7 + 6i (C) 7 + 6i (D) – 6 + 7i

4. Comprehension (3 questions together)

Let A, B, C be three sets of complex numbers as defined below [JEE 2008, 3 + 4 + 4 + 4]
A = {z :Imz 1}; B = {z :| z – 2 –i |= 3}; C = {z :Re((1– i)z) = 2 }

(i) The number of elements in the set A  B  C is

(A) 0 (B) 1 (C) 2 (D) 

(ii) Let z be any point in A  B  C. Then, | z + 1 – i |2 + | z – 5 – i |2 lies between

(A) 25 and 29 (B) 30 and 34 (C) 35 and 39 (D) 40 and 44

(iii) Let z be any point in A  B  C and let w be any point satisfying | w – 2 – i | < 3.
Then, | z | – | w | + 3 lies between
(A) –6 and 3 (B) –3 and 6 (C) –6 and 6 (D) –3 and 9

15
5. Let z = cos  + i sin. Then the value of  Im(z 2m1 ) at  = 2° is
m1

1 1 1 1
(A) (B) (C) (D)
sin 2 3sin 2 2sin 2 4sin 2

6. Let z = x + iy be a complex number where x and y are integers. Then the area of the rectangle
whose vertices are the roots of the equation z z 3 + z z3= 350 is [JEE 2009, 3 + 3]
(A) 48 (B) 32 (C) 40 (D) 80

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 COMPLEX NUMBER
7. Let z1 and z2 be two distinct complex numbers and let z = (1 – t)z1 + tz2 for some real number t
with 0 < t < 1. If Arg(w) denotes the principal argument of a nonzero complex number w, then
(A) |z – z1|+|z – z2|=|z1 – z2|
(B) Arg(z – z1) = Arg(z – z2) [JEE 2010, 3M]
z  z1 z  z1
(C) 0
z 2  z1 z2  z1
(D) Arg(z – z1) = Arg(z2 – z1)

2 2
8. Let  be the complex number cos  isin . Then the number of distinct complex numbers
3 3
z 1  2
z satisfying  z  2 1  0 is equal to [JEE 2010, 3M]
2 1 z

9. Match the statements in Column-I with those in Column-II.

[Note : Here z takes values in the complex plane and Im z and Re z denote, respectively, the
imaginary part and the real part of z.] [JEE 10, 3+3+8]
Column I Column II
4
(A) The set of points z satisfying (p) an ellipse with eccentricity
5
z  i | z |  z  i | z | is contained in
or equal to
(B) The set of points z satisfying (q) the set of points z satisfying Im z = 0
|z + 4| + |z – 4| = 10
is contained in or equal to
(C) If |w| = 2, then the set of points (t) the set of points z satisfying |Im z|  1
1
z  w  is contained in or equal to
w
(D) If |w| = 1, then the set of points (s) the set of points z satisfying |Re z|  2
1
zw is contained in or equal to (t) the set of points z satisfying |z|  3
w

10. Comprehension (3 questions together)

1 9 7 
Let a, b and c be three real numbers satisfying [a b c] 8 2 7   [0 0 0] …(E)
 
7 3 7 

(i) If the point P(a, b, c), with reference to (E), lies on the plane 2x + y + z = 1, then the value
of 7a+b+c is
(A) 0 (B) 12 (C) 7 (D) 6
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 COMPLEX NUMBER
(ii) Let  be a solution of x – 1 = 0 with Im() > 0. If a = 2 with b and c satisfying (E),then
3

3 1 3
the value of a  b  c is equal to –
  
(A) –2 (B) 2 (C) 3 (D) –3

(iii) Let b = 6, with a and c satisfying (E). If  and  are the roots of the quadratic equation
n
 1 1

ax + bx + c = 0, then     is -
2
[JEE 2011, 3+3+3]
n 0   
6
(A) 6 (B) 7 (C) (D) 
7

11. If z is any complex number satisfying |z – 3 – 2i|  2, then the minimum value of |2z – 6 + 5i| is
[JEE 2011, 4M]

12. Let  = ei/3, and a, b, c, x, y, z be non-zero complex numbers such that

a+b+c=x
a + b + c2 = y
a + b2 + c = z.
| x |2  | y |2  | z |2
Then the value of is [JEE 2011, 4M]
| a |2  | b |2  | c |2

13. Match the statements given in Column I with the values given in Column II
Column I Column II
  
ˆ  ˆj  3kˆ and c  2 3kˆ form a triangle,
(A) If a  ˆj  3k,b (p)
6
 
then the internal angle of the triangle between a and b is
 2
b

(B) If  (f(x)  3x)dx  a 2  b 2 then the value of ƒ   is (q)

a 6 3
2 
5/6

(C) The value of  sec(x)dx is

n3 7/6
(r)
3
 1 
(D) The maximum value of Arg   for (s) 
 1 z 

|z| = 1, z  1 is given by (t)
2
[JEE 2011, 2+2+2+2M]

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 COMPLEX NUMBER
14. Match the statements given in Column I with the intervals/union of intervals given in Column II
Column I Column II
  2iz  
(A) The set Re  2 
: z is a complex number, |z| = 1, z   1 (p) (–,–1) (1, )
  1 z  
is
 8(3) x 2 
(B) The domain of the function f (x)  sin 1  2(x 1) 
is (q) (–, 0) (0, 
 1 3 
1 tan  1
(C) If f ()   tan  1 tan  , then the set (r) [2, )
1  tan  1
 
f () : 0     (s) (–, –1] [1, )
 2
(D) If ƒ(x) = x (3x – 10), x  0, then ƒ(x) is increasing in
3/2
(t) (–,0] [2,)
[JEE 2011, 2+2+2+2M]

15. Let z be a complex number such that the imaginary part of z is nonzero and a = z2 + z + 1 is real.
Then a cannot take the value - [JEE 2012, 3M, –1M]
1 1 3
(A) –1 (B) (C) (D)
3 2 4

1
16. Let complex numbers  and lie on circles (x – x0)2 + (y – y0)2 = r2 and (x – x0)2 + (y – y0)2= 4r2

respectively. If z0 = x0 + iy0 satisfies the equation 2|z0|2 = r2 + 2, then || =
[JEE(Advanced) 2013, 2M]
1 1 1 1
(A) (B) (C) (D)
2 2 7 3

17. Let  be a complex cube root of unity with  1 and P = [pij] be a n × n matrix with pij = i+j.
Then P2 0, when n = [JEE(Advanced) 2013, 3, (–1)]
(A) 57 (B) 55 (C) 58 (D) 56

3 i  1
18. Let w  and P = {wn: n = 1, 2, 3, …….}. Further H1 = z  C : Re z   and
2  2
 1
H2 = z  C : Rez   , where C is the set of all complex number. If z1 P H1, z2 P H2
 2
and O represents the origin, then z1Oz2 = [JEE-Advanced 2013, 4, (–1)]
  2 5
(A) (B) (C) (D)
2 6 3 6

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 COMPLEX NUMBER
Paragraph for Question 19 and 20

  z  1  3i  

Let S = S1 S2 S3, where S1= {z  C : |z| < 4}, S2  z  C : Im    0 and

  1  3i  

S3 = {z  C : Re z > 0}.

19. min |1  3i z | [JEE(Advanced) 2013, 3, (–1)]

z S

2 3 2 3 3 3 3 3
(A) (B) (C) (D)
2 2 2 2

20. Area of S = [JEE(Advanced) 2013, 3, (–1)]

10 20 16 32
(A) (B) (C) (D)
3 3 3 3

21. The quadratic equation p(x) = 0 with real coefficients has purely imaginary roots. Then the
equation p(p(x)) = 0 has [JEE(Advanced) 2014, 3(–1)]
(A) only purely imaginary roots
(B) all real roots
(C) two real and two purely imaginary roots
(D) neither real nor purely imaginary roots.

 2k   2k 
22. Let zk = cos    isin   ; k =1, 2, …..9. [JEE(Advanced) 2014, 3(–1)]
 10   10 
List-I List-II
P. For each zk there exists a zj such that 1. True
zk · zj = 1
Q. There exists a k  {1, 2, ....., 9} such 2. False
that z1 · z = zk has no solution z in the
set of complex numbers.
1  z1 1  z 2 ... 1  z9
R. equals 3. 1
10
 2k 
S. 1 –  9K1 cos   equals 4. 2
 10 
Codes :
P Q R S
(A) 1 2 4 3
(B) 2 1 3 4
(C) 1 2 3 4
(D) 2 1 4 3

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 COMPLEX NUMBER
23. Column-I Column-II
(A) In  2 , if the magnitude of the projection (P) 1
vector of the vector ˆi  ˆj on 3iˆ  ˆj
is 3 and if  = 2 + 3 , then possible
value(s) of || is (are)
(B) Let a and b be real numbers such that (Q) 2
3ax 2  2, x  1
the function f (x)  
 bx  a , x  1
2

is differentiable for all x   . Then

possible value(s) of a is (are)
(C) Let  1 be a complex cube root of (R) 3
unity. If (3 – 3 + 22)4n+3 +
(2 + 3 – 32)4n+3 + (–3 + 2 + 32)4n+3 = 0
then possible value(s) of n is (are)
(D) Let the harmonic mean of two positive real (S) 4
number a and b be 4, If q is a positive real
number such that a, 5, q, b is an arithmetic
progression, then the value(s) of |q – a| is (are) (T) 5
[JEE 2015, 8(Each 2M, –1M)]
 k   k 
24. For any integer k, let  k  cos    isin   , where i = 1 . The value of the expression
 7   7 
12

| 
k 1
k 1  k |
3
is [JEE 2015, 4M, –0M]
| 
k 1
4k 1   4k 2 |

1  3i ( z) r z 2s 
25. Let z = , where i = 1 , and r, s  {1, 2, 3}. Let P =  2s  and I be the
2  z zr 
identity matrix of order 2. Then the total number of ordered pairs (r, s) for which P2 = –I is
[JEE(Advanced)-2016, 3(0)]

 1 
26. Let a,b   and a2 + b2 0. Suppose S  z  C : z  , t  , t  0  , here i = 1 .
 a  ibt 
If z = x + iy and z  S, then (x,y) lies on
1  1 
(A) the circle with radius and centre  ,0  for a > 0, b  0
2a  2a 
1  1 
(B) the circle with radius  and centre   ,0  for a < 0, b  0
2a  2a 
(C) the x-axis for a  0, b = 0
(D) the y-axis for a = 0, b  0
[JEE(Advanced)-2016, 4(–2)]

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 COMPLEX NUMBER
27. Let a, b, x and y be real numbers such that a – b = 1 and y  0. If the complex number z = x + iy
 az  b 
satisfies lm    y , then which of the following is(are) possible value(s) of x ?
 z 1 
[JEE(Advanced)-2017, 4(–2)]
(A) 1  1  y2 (B) 1  1  y2 (C) 1  1  y2 (D) 1  1  y2

28. For a non-zero complex number z , let arg(z) denote the principal argument with –< arg(z) 
Then, which of the following statement(s) is (are) FALSE?

(A) arg (– 1 –i) = , Where i = 1 [JEE(Advanced)-2018, 4(–2)]
4
(B)The function f : R (–,], defined by f (t) = arg (–1 + it) for all t  R is continuous at all
points of R, where i = 1
(C) For any two non -zero complex number z1 and z2 .
z 
Arg  1  – arg (z1) + arg (z2) is an integer multiple of 2
 z2 
(D) For any three given distinct complex numbers z1,z2 and z3 the locus of the point z satisfying
 (z  z1 )(z 2  z3 ) 
the condition arg     lies on a straight line
 (z  z3 )(z 2  z1 ) 

29. 
Let s,t,r be non-zero complex numbers and L be the set of solutions z = x + iy x, y  R,i  1 
of the equation sz + t z + r = 0 , where z = x – iy . Then, which of the following statement(s) is
(are)TRUE? [JEE(Advanced)-2018, 4(0)]
(A) If L has exactly one element, then | s | | t |
(B) If |s| = |t|, then L has infinitely many elements
(C) The number of elements in L {z : |z – 1 + i| = 5} is at most 2
(D) If L has more than one element, then L has infinitely many elements

30. Let S be the set of all complex numbers z satisfying |z – 2 + i|  5 . If the complex number z0
1  1 
is such that is the maximum of the set  : z  S , then the principal argument of
| z 0  1|  | z  1| 
4  z 0  z0
is [JEE(Advanced)-2019]
z 0  z0  2i
 3  
(1)  (2) (3) (4)
2 4 4 2

31. Let  1 be a cube root of unity. Then the minimum of the set
{|a + b + c2|2 : a, b, c distinct non-zero integers} equals _____ [JEE(Advanced)-2019]

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 COMPLEX NUMBER
32. Let S be the set of all complex numbers z satisfying |z 2 + z + 1| = 1. Then which of the
following statements is/are TRUE ? [JEE(Advanced)-2020]
1 1
(A) z   for all z  S (B) |z|  2 for all z  S
2 2
1 1
(C) z   for all z  S (D) The set S has exactly four elements
2 2

33. For a complex number z, let Re(z) denote the real part of z. let S be the set of all complex
numbers z satisfying z4 – |z|4 = 4iz2, where i  1 . Then the minimum possible value of
|z1 – z2|2, where z1, z2  S with Re(z1) > 0 and Re(z2) < 0, is____ [JEE(Advanced)-2020]

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 COMPLEX NUMBER
EXERCISE # 5
1. Let z1 & z2 be non zero complex numbers satisfying the equation, z12– 2 z1z2 + 2 z22 = 0. The
geometrical nature of the triangle whose vertices are the origin and the points representing z 1 &
z2 is :
(A) an isosceles right angled triangle
(B) a right angled triangle which is not isosceles
(C) an equilateral triangle
(D) an isosceles triangle which is not right angled.
2. Let P denotes a complex number z on the Argand's plane, and Q denotes a complex number
 
2 | z |2 CiS     where  = amp z. If 'O' is the origin, then the OPQ is :
4 
(A) isosceles but not right angled (B) right angled but not isosceles
(C) right isosceles (D) equilateral.

  1  i  i   |z| 
3. If z  (1  i) 4    , then   equals
4    i 1  i   amp z 
(A) 1 (B)  (C) 3 (D) 4
1 1
4. z is a complex number such that z + = 2 cos 3°, then the value of z2000 + 2000 + 1 is equal to
z z
(A) 0 (B) –1 (C) 3  1 (D) 1  3

5. The complex number  satisfying the equation 3 = 8i and lying in the second quadrant on the
complex plane is
3 1
(A)  3  i (B)   i (C) 2 3  i (D)  3  2i
2 2
6. If z4 + 1 = 3 i
(A) z3 is purely real
(B) z represents the vertices of a square of side 21/4
(C) z9 is purely imaginary
(D) z represents the vertices of a square of side 23/4.

7. Let z is a complex number satisfying the equation Z6 + Z3 + 1 = 0. If this equation has a root
rei with 90° < < 180° then the value of '' is
(A) 100° (B) 110° (C) 160° (D) 170°
A B
8. If A and B be two complex numbers satisfying   1 . Then the two points represented by
B A
A and B and the origin form the vertices of
(A) an equilateral triangle
(B) an isosceles triangle which is not equilateral
(C) an isosceles triangle which is not right angled
(D) a right angled triangle

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 COMPLEX NUMBER
2008
9. If 1, 1, 2.......,  2008 are (2009)th roots of unity, then the value of  r(
r 1
r   2009r ) equals

(A) 2009 (B) 2008 (C) 0 (D) – 2009

1  3i
10. If x = then the value of the expression, y = x4 – x2 + 6x – 4, equals
2
(A) – 1 + 2 3 i (B) 2 – 2 3 i (C) 2 + 2 3 i (D) none

11. (a) If w(1) is a cube root of unity and (1 + w)7 = A + Bw, then A & B are respectively the
numbers
(A) 0, 1 (B) 1, 1 (C) 1, 0 (D) –1, 1
1 1 i  w 2
w 2

(b) If (w  1) is a cube root of unity then 1  i 1 w 2 1 

i i  w  1 1
(A) 0 (B) 1 (C) i (D) w

 
12. If z n  cos  isin then Limit(z1 .z2 .z3 ......z n ) 
(2n  1)(2n  3) (2n  1)(2n  3) n 

    5 5 3 3
(A) cos  isin (B) cos  isin (C) cos  isin (D) cos  isin
3 3 6 6 6 6 2 2

13. The straight line (1 + 2i)z + (2i – 1) z = 10i on the complex plane, has intercept on the
imaginary axis equal to
(A) 5 (B) 5/2 (C) – 5/2 (D) – 5

14. If cos + i sin is a root of the equation xn + a1xn – 1 + a2xn – 2 + ...... + an – 1x + an = 0 then the
n
value of  a r cos r equals (where all coefficient are real)
r 1
(A) 0 (B) 1 (C) –1 (D) none

15. Intercept made by the circle z z +  z +  z + r = 0 on the real axis on complex plane, is
(A) (  )  r (B) (  )2  2r (C) (   ) 2  r (D) (  )2  4r

50 50
If Zr ; r = 1, 2, 3,..., 50 are the roots of the equation  (Z) r  0 , then the value of 
1
16. is
r 0 r 1 Zr  1
(A) –85 (B) –25 (C) 25 (D) 75
17. All roots of the equation, (1 + z)6 + z6 = 0 :
(A) lie on a unit circle with centre at the origin
(B) lie on a unit circle with centre at (–1, 0)
(C) lie on the vertices of a regular polygon with centre at the origin
(D) are collinear

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 COMPLEX NUMBER
18. It is given that complex numbers z1 and z2 satisfy | z1 | = 2 and | z2 | = 3. If the included angle of
z + z2 N
their corresponding vectors is 60° then 1 can be expressed as where N is natural
z1 – z 2 7
number then N equals
(A) 126 (B) 119 (C) 133 (D) 19

One ore more than one is/are correct :

19. If z is a complex number which simultaneously satisfies the equations 3|z – 12| = 5 |z – 8i| and
|z – 4| = |z – 8| then the Im(z) can be
(A) 15 (B) 16 (C) 17 (D) 8

20. Let z1, z2, z3 be non-zero complex numbers satisfying the equation z4 = iz.
Which of the following statement(s) is/are correct?
 3 1
(A) The complex number having least positive argument is  ,  .
 2 2
3

(B)  Amp(z k ) 
k 1 2
 1 1 
(C) Centroid of the triangle formed by z1, z2 and z3 is  , 
 3 3
3 3
(D) Area of triangle formed by z1, z2 and z3 is
2

21. If z  C, which of the following relation(s) represents a circle on an Argand diagram?

(A) | z – 1 | + | z + 1 | = 3 (B) (z – 3 + i) ( z – 3 – i) = 5
(C) 3| z – 2 + i | = 7 (D) | z – 3 | = 2

1
22. The locii of a point P(z) in the complex plane satisfying the z   2 are two circles C1 and C2.
z
These circles
(A) have centres on real axis. (B) cut each other orthogonally.
(C) are congruent (D) have exactly two common tangents.

23. Let A and B be two distinct points denoting the complex numbers  and  respectively. A
complex number z lies between A and B where z , z . Which of the following relation(s)
hold good?
(A) | – z | + | z –| = |  –|
(B) a positive real number 't' such that z = (1 – t) + t
z z 1
z z 
(C) 0 (D)   1  0
 
  1

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 COMPLEX NUMBER
24. Let z1, z2, z3 are the coordinates of the vertices of the triangle A1A2A3. Which of the following
statements are equivalent.
(A) A1A2A3 is an equilateral triangle.
(B) (z1 + z2 + 2z3)(z1 + 2z2 + z3) = 0, where  is the cube root of unity.
1 1 1
z 2  z1 z3  z 2
(C)  (D) z1 z 2 z3  0
z3  z 2 z1  z3
z 2 z3 z1

25. Let tangents at A(z1) and B(z2) are drawn to the circle |z| = 2. Then which of the following
is/are CORRECT ?
z z
(A) The equation of tangent at A is given by   2 .
z1 z1
2z z
(B) If tangents at A(z1) and B(z2) intersect at P(zp), then z p  1 2 .
z1  z 2
1 z  z 
(C) Slope of tangent at A(z1) is  1 1 
i  z1  z1 
(D) If points A(z1) and B(z2) on the circle |z| = 2 are such that z1 + z2 = 0, then tangents

intersect at .
2

26. Equation of a straight line on the complex plane passing through a point P denoting the

complex number  and perpendicular to the vector OP where 'O' is the origin can be written as
 z   z 
(A) Im  0 (B) Re  0 (C) Re (  z) = 0 (D) z  z  2 |  |2  0
     
n 1
27. If 1, 2, 3 , .......,n–1 are the imaginary n roots of unity then the product
th
 i   
r 1
r

(where i = 1 ) can take the value equal to

(A) 0 (B) 1 (C) i (D) (1 + i)

28. If the expression (1 + ir)3 is of the form of s(1 + i) for some real 's' where 'r' is also real and
i = 1 ,then the value of 'r' can be
  5
(A) cot (B) sec (C) tan (D) tan
8 12 12

29. Let point z moves on |z – 1| =1 such that minimum & maximum value of |z – 2 6i | are m & M
respectively, then-
(A) m + M = 10 (B) m2 + M2 = 52 (C) m + M = 8 (D) m2 + M2 = 16

30. Locus of all points z in argand plane which satisfy |z2 + 1| = |z2 – 1| is -
(A) same as Re(z) = 0 (B) same as Re(z2) = 0
(C) a pair of straight lines (D) a circle with unit radius

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 COMPLEX NUMBER
EXERCISE # 6
1. Find the sum of the series 1(2 – )(2 – 2) + 2(3 – ) (3 – 2) ....... (n – 1)(n – )(n –2)
where  is one of the imaginary cube root of unity.

2. Resolve Z5 + 1 into linear & quadratic factors with real coefficients. Deduce that:
 
4.sin .cos  1 .
10 5

3. Prove that , with regard to the quadratic equation z2 + (p + ip') z + q + iq' = 0

where p , p', q , q' are all real.
(i) if the equation has one real root then q'2– pp' q' + qp'2 = 0 .
(ii) if the equation has two equal roots then p2– p'2 = 4q & pp'= 2q'.
State whether these equal roots are real or complex.

4. (a) Let z = x + iy be a complex number, where x and y are real numbers. Let A and B be
the sets defined by
A ={z : | z | 2} and B = {z : (1 – i)z + (1 + i) z  4}. Find the area of the region A  B.
Im Z5
(b) If Z is a non-real complex number, then find the minimum value of 5
Im Z

5. Interpret the following locii in z  C.

 z  2i 
(a) 1 <|z – 2i|< 3 (b) Re    4 (z  2i)
 iz  2 
(c) Arg (z + i) – Arg(z – i) = /2 (d) Arg (z – a) = /3 where a = 3 + 4i.

6. If the equation (z + 1)7 + z7 = 0 has roots z1, z2, .... z7, find the value of
7 7
(a)  Re(Zr )
r 1
(B)  Im(Z )
r 1
r

7. If the expression z5 – 32 can be factorised into linear and quadratic factors over real coefficients
as (z5 – 32) = (z – 2)(z2 – pz + 4)(z2 – qz + 4) then find the value of (p2 + 2p).

8. Let zi(i = 1, 2, 3, 4) represent the vertices of a square all of which lie on the sides of the triangle
with vertices (0, 0), (2, 1) and (3, 0). If z1 and z2 are purely real, then area of triangle formed by
m
z3, z4 and origin is (where m and n are in their lowest form). Find the value of (m + n).
n

9. Let ƒ(x) = ax3 + bx2 + cx + d be a cubic polynomial with real coefficients satisfying f(i) = 0 and
ƒ(1 + i) = 5. Find the value of a2 + b2 + c2 + d2. (where i = 1 )

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 COMPLEX NUMBER
10. A particle starts to travel from a point P on the curve C1 : |z – 3 – 4i| = 5, where | z | is
3
maximum. From P, the particle moves through an angle tan–1 in anticlockwise direction on
4
|z – 3 – 4i| = 5 and reaches at point Q. From Q, it comes down parallel to imaginary axis by 2
units and reaches at point R. Find the complex number corresponding to point R in the Argand
plane.

p
32  10  2q 2q  
11. Evaluate :  (3p  2)    sin  i cos  .
p1  q1  11 11  

12. If the biquadratic x4 + ax3 + bx2 + cx + d = 0 (a, b, c, d  R) has 4 non real roots, two with sum
3 + 4i and the other two with product 13 + i. Find the value of 'b'.

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 COMPLEX NUMBER
ANSWER KEY
EXERCISE # 1
PART-A
7 24 21 12 22
1. (a)  i; (b)  i; (c) 3 + 4i (d) i; (e) 15
25 25 5 5 5
 2 2
2. (a) x =1, y = 2; (b) (2,9); (c) (–2 ,2) or   ,  
 3 3
3. (a) ± (5 + 4i) ; (b) ±(5 – 6i); (c) ± 5(1 + i)
3  5i 1 i
4. (a) –160 ; (b) – (77 +108 i) 5. (a) – i ,– 2i (b) or 
2 2
6. (a) on a circle of radius 7 with centre (–1, 2); (b) on a unit circle with centre at origin
(c) on a circle with centre (–15/4, 0) & radius 9/4; (d) a straight line.

7. a = b = 2 – 3 8. z3 = 3 (1–i) and z'3= 3 (–1+i)

x 2 y2
9. x = 1, y = – 4 or x = –1, y = –4 12.  1 13.B 14. C 15. C
64 48
PART-B
1. B 2. C 3. B 4. C 5. A 6. A 7. B
8. D 9. B 10. B 11. C 12. B 13. D 14. C
15. C 16. C 17. A 18. A 19. B 20. A 21. D
22. B 23. D 24. B 25. A 26. A 27. C 28. C
29. C 30. C 31. A 32. D 33. B 34. A 35. B
36. C 37. A 38. B 39. C 40. B 41. (i) D; (ii) C
42. B 43. B 44. A 45. D 46. D 47. A 48. D
49. B 50. A 51. B 52. (A) Q,R; (B) P,S; (C) Q,S; (D) P,R

EXERCISE # 2
5 5
1. (i) Modulus = 6, Arg = 2k + (k  I), Principal Arg =
18 18
7 5
(ii) Modulus = 2, Arg = 2k + (k  I), Principal Arg = 
6 6

5
(iii) Modulus = , Arg = 2 k – tan–12 (k  I), Principal Arg = – tan–12
6
2. (a) 2, (b) –11/2 3. [(–2, 2) ; (–2, –2)] 4.(a) z = (2 + i) or (1 – 3i); (b) z = 1 or 2 – i

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 COMPLEX NUMBER
 (1,0) for n  4k
 (1,1) n  4k  1
 for 3 3 3
5. (a) 1, (b) 2 (c) 30 8.  9.   i 10. –4
 (0,1) for n  4k  2 2 2

(0,0) for n  4k  3

iz 1 3 i 3 i
11.  i 12. (a)  ,  ,i 13. 673 14. 6
2 2 2 2 2 2
EXERCISE # 3 (JM)
1. 3 2. 3 3. 4 4. 2 5. 3 6. 2 7. 4
8. 2 9. 3 10. 2 11. 1 12. 1 13. 2 14. 4
15. 3 16. 2 17. 4 18. Bonus 19. 4 20. 3 21. 2
22. 2 23. 1 24. 1 25. 1 26. 1 27. 3 28. 4
29. 3 30. 4 31. 1 32. 3 33. 2 34. 3 35. 1
36. 4 37. 4 38. 2 39. 4.00 40. 4 41. 4 42. 2
43. 3 44. 1 45. 4 46. 3

EXERCISE # 4 (JA)
1. D 2. D 3. D 4. (i) B; (ii) C; (iii) B or C or D 5 D
6. A 7. A,C,D 8. 1 9. (A)(q,r),(B)(p), (C) (p,s,t), (D) (q,r,s,t)
10. (i) D, (ii) A, (iii) B 11. 5 12. Bonus
13. (A) (q); (B) (p) or (p, q, r, s, t); (C) (s); (D) (t)
14. (A) (s); (B) (t); (C) (r); (D) (r) 15. D 16. C 17. B,C,D
18. C,D 19. C 20. B 21. D 22. C
23. (A) (P,Q); (B) (P,Q); (C) (P,Q,S,T); (D) (Q,T) 24. 4 25. 1
26. A,C,D 27. A,D 28. A,B,D 29. A,C,D 30. (1)
31. (3.00) 32. B,C 33. (8)

EXERCISE # 5
1. A 2. C 3. D 4. A 5. A 6. D 7. C
8. A 9. D 10. A 11. (a) B; (b) A 12. B 13. A
14. C 15. D 16. B 17. D 18. C 19. C,D 20. A,B
21. B,C,D 22. B,C,D 23. A,B,C,D 24. A,B,C,D
25. A,B,C 26. B,D 27. A,B,C,D 28. B,C,D 29. A,B
30. B,C

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 COMPLEX NUMBER
EXERCISE # 6
 n(n  1) 
2

1.  2   n 2. (Z + 1)(Z2 – 2Z cos 36° + 1)(Z2 – 2Z cos 108° + 1)

4. (a)  – 2, (b) – 4
5. (a) The region between the concentric circles with centre at (0 , 2) & radii 1 & 3 units
1 1
(b) region outside or on the circle with centre + 2i and radius .
2 2
(c) semicircle (in the 1st & 4th quadrant) x2 + y2 = 1
(d) a ray emanating from the point (3 + 4i) directed away from the origin & having equation
3x–y+4+3 3=0
7
6. (a)  , (b) zero 7. 4 8. 41 9. 26 10. (3+ 7i)
2
11. 48(1 – i) 12 51

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 COMPLEX NUMBER

ADDITIONAL EXERCISE ON COMPLEX NUMBER

[STRAIGHT OBJECTIVE TYPE]

1. If z and w are complex number satisfying z  iw  0 and Amp(zw) = , then Amp(z) is equal to
   3
(A) (B) (C) (D)
4 2 2 4

2. If z1 = –3 + 5i ; z2 = – 5 – 3i and z is a complex number lying on the line segment joining z1&

z2 then arg z can be :
3   5
(A)  (B)  (C) (D)
4 4 6 6

3. Given z = f(x) + i g(x) where f, g : ( 0, 1)  (0, 1) are real valued functions then, which of the
following holds good?
1  1  1  1 
(A) z   i  (B) z   i 
1  ix  1  ix 1  ix  1  ix 
1  1  1  1 
(C) z   i  (D) z   i 
1  ix  1  ix  1  ix  1  ix 

4. Let z be a complex number having the argument , 0 <</2 and satisfying the equality
6
|z – 3i| = 3. Then cot  – is equal to :
z
(A) 1 (B) –1 (C) i (D) –i

5. The points z1 = 3 + 3 i and z2 = 2 3 + 6i are given on a complex plane. The complex

number lying on the bisector of the angle formed by the vectors z1 and z2 is :
(3  2 3) 32
(A) z   i (B) z = 5 + 5i
2 2
(C) z = –1 –i (D) none

6. z1 & z2 are two distinct points in an argand plane. If a|z1| = b|z2|, (where a, b  R) then the point
az1 bz 2
 is a point on the :
bz 2 az1
(A) line segment [–2, 2 ] of the real axis
(B) line segment [–2, 2 ] of the imaginary axis
(C) unit circle |z| = 1
(D) the line with arg z = tan–1 2.
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 COMPLEX NUMBER
7. A root of unity is a complex number that is a solution to the equation, z n = 1 for some positive
integer n. Number of roots of unity that are also the roots of the equation z2 + az + b = 0, for
some integer a and b is
(A) 6 (B) 8 (C) 9 (D) 10

 
m n
 
8. If m and n are the smallest positive integers satisfying the relation  2Cis    4Cis  , then
 6  4
(m + n) has the value equal to
(A) 120 (B) 96 (C) 72 (D) 60

9. Least positive argument of the 4th root of the complex number 2–i 12 is
(A) /6 (B) 5/12 (C) 7/12 (D) 11/12

10. Number of ordered pair(s) (z, ) of the complex numbers z and  satisfying the system of
equations,z3 +  7 = 0 and z5 . 11 = 1 is :
(A) 7 (B) 5 (C) 3 (D) 2

11. On the complex plane triangles OAP & OQR are similar and l(OA) = 1. If the points P and Q
denotes the complex numbers z1& z2 then the complex number 'z' denoted by the point R is
given by :

z1 z2 z1  z 2
(A) z1 z2 (B) (C) (D)
z2 z1 z2

1|z|
12. Number of imaginary complex numbers satisfying the equation, z2 = z2 is
(A) 0 (B) 1 (C) 2 (D) 3

13. Let A(z1) and B(z2) represent two complex numbers on the complex plane. Suppose the
z  z2
complex slope of the line joining A and B is defined as 1 . Then the lines l1 with complex
z1  z2
slope 1 and l2 with complex slope 2 on the complex plane will be perpendicular to each other if
(A) 1 + 2 = 0 (B) 1 – 2 = 0 (C) 12 = –1 (D) 12 = 1

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 COMPLEX NUMBER
14. If the equation, z4 + a1z3 + a2z2 + a3z + a4 = 0, where a1, a2, a3, a4 are real coefficients different
a aa
from zero has a pure imaginary root then the expression 3  1 4 has the value equal to:
a1a 2 a 2a 3
(A) 0 (B) 1 (C) –2 (D) 2

15. Suppose A is a complex number & n  N, such that An = (A + 1)n = 1, then the least value of n is
(A) 3 (B) 6 (C) 9 (D) 12

16. If z & w are two complex numbers simultaneously satisfying the equations, z 3 + w5 = 0 and
z2. w 4 = 1, then :
(A) z and w both are purely real
(B) z is purely real and w is purely imaginary
(C) w is purely real and z is purely imaginary
(D) z and w both are imaginary.

17. A function f is defined by f (z) = (4 + i)z2 + z +  for all complex numbers z, where  and 
are complex numbers. If f (1) and f (i) are both real then the smallest possible value of || + ||
equals
(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 2 (D) 2 2

18. Given f (z) = the real part of a complex number z. For example, f (3 – 4i) = 3. If a  N, n  N

 
6a

 log2 f 1  i 3
n
then the value of has the value equal to
n 1

(A) 18a2 + 9a (B) 18a2 + 7a (C) 18a2 – 3a (D) 18a2 – a

19. All complex numbers 'z' which satisfy the relation |z–| z +1|| = |z+| z –1|| on the complex plane
lie on the
(A) line y = 0 or an ellipse with foci (– 1, 0) and (1, 0)
(B) radical axis of the circles | z – 1 | = 1 and | z + 1 | = 1
(C) circle x2 + y2 = 1
(D) line x = 0 or on a line segment joining (–1, 0) to (1, 0)

20. In the quadratic equation x2 + (p + iq) x + 3i = 0, p & q are real. If the sum of the squares of the
roots is 8 then
(A) p = 3, q = –1 (B) p = –3, q = –1 (C) p = ± 3, q = ± 1 (D) p = –3, q = 1

21. If z = (3 + 7i) (p + iq) where p, q  I – {0}, is purely imaginary then minimum value of | z |2 is
3364
(A) 0 (B) 58 (C) (D) 3364
3
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 COMPLEX NUMBER

22. If x = 91/3 91/9 91/27 ...... , y = 41/3 4–1/9 41/27 ......  and z =  (1  i)  r then, the argument of the
r 1

complex number w = x + yz is
 2  2  2 
(A) 0 (B)  – tan–1   (C) – tan–1   (D) – tan–1  
 3   3   3

23. Which of the following represents a point on an argands' plane, equidistant from the roots of
the equation (z + 1)4 = 16z4?
 2 
(B)   ,0 (C)  ,0
1 1
(A) (0, 0) (D)  0, 
 3  3   5

24. The value of e(CiS(–i) – CiS(i)) is equal to

1
(A) 0 (B) 1 – e (C) e – (D) e2 – 1
e

25. If z1 = 2 + 3 i , z2 = 3 – 2i and z3 = – 1 – 2 3 i then which of the following is true?

z  z z  z  z 
(A) arg  3  = arg  3 1  (B) arg  3  = arg  2 
 z2   z 2  z1   z2   z1 

z  z z  z  1 z z 
(C) arg  3  = 2arg  3 1  (D) arg  3  = arg  3 1 
 z2   z 2  z1   z2  2  z 2  z1 

26. On the Argand plane point 'A' denotes a complex number z1. A triangle OBQ is made directly
similar to the triangle OAM, where OM = 1 and O is origin (as shown in the figure). If the
point B denotes the complex number z2, then the complex number corresponding to the point
'Q' is

z1 z2 z1  z 2
(A) z1 z2 (B) (C) (D)
z2 z1 z2

27. Number of ordered pairs(s) (a, b) of real numbers such that (a + ib)2008 = a – ib holds good, is
(A) 2008 (B) 2009 (C) 2010 (D) 1

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 COMPLEX NUMBER
28. If z + (3 + 2i) z + (–1 + ia) = 0 has one real root, then the value of 'a' lies in the interval (a  R)
3

(A) (– 2, – 1) (B) (– 1, 0) (C) (0, 1) (D) (1, 2)

29. P(z) is the point moving in the Argand's plane satisfying arg(z – 1) – arg(z + i) =  then, P is
(A) a real number, hence lies on the real axis.
(B) an imaginary number, hence lies on the imaginary axis.
(C) a point on the hypotenuse of the right angled triangle OAB formed by O  (0, 0);
A  (1, 0);B (0, – 1).
(D) a point on an arc of the circle passing through A (1, 0); B (0, – 1).

z z  
30. If z1& z2 are two complex numbers & if arg  1 2   but |z1 + z3|  |z1 – z2|, then the figure
 z1  z 2  2
formed by the points represented by 0, z1, z2& z1 + z2 is
(A) a parallelogram but not a rectangle or a rhombus
(B) a rectangle but not a square
(C) a rhombus but not a square
(D) a square

31. If the six solutions of x6 = – 64 are written in the form a + bi, where a and b are real, then the
product of those solutions with a > 0, is
(A) 4 (B) 8 (C) 16 (D) 64

32. Let z, w be complex numbers such that z + i w = 0 and arg zw = . Then arg z equals
[AIEEE-2004]
(A) /4 (B) /2 (C) 3/4 (D) 5/4
2 2
33. If |z – 1| = |z| + 1, then z lies on [AIEEE-2004]
(A) the real axis (B) the imaginary axis
(C) a circle (D) an ellipse
 x y
 p  q 
1/3
34. If z = x – iy and z = p + iq, then 2 is equal to- [AIEEE-2004]
(p  q 2 )
(A) 1 (B) –1 (C) 2 (D) –2

35. If z1 and z2 are two non zero complex numbers such that |z1 + z2|=|z1|+|z2| then arg z1 – arg z2 is
equalto- [AIEEE-2005]
 
(A) – (B) (C)  (D) 0
2 2

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 COMPLEX NUMBER
z
36. If w = and |w|= 1 then z lies on [AIEEE-2005]
1
z i
3
(A) a circle (B) an ellipse (C) a parabola (D) a straight line

37.  is an imaginary cube root of unity. If (1 + 2)m = (1 + 4)m , then least positive integral value
of m is [JEE 2004 (Scr)]
(A) 6 (B) 5 (C) 4 (D) 3

38. The locus of z which lies in shaded region is best represented by

(A) z : |z + 1| > 2, |arg(z + 1)| </4 (B) z : |z – 1| > 2, |arg(z – 1)| </4
(C) z : |z + 1| < 2, |arg(z + 1)| </2 (D) z : |z – 1| < 2, |arg(z - 1)| </2

39. If a, b, c are integers not all equal and w is a cube root of unity (w  1), then the minimum
value of |a + bw + cw2| is [JEE 2005 (Scr), 3 + 3]
3 1
(A) 0 (B) 1 (C) (D)
2 2

w  wz
40. If w =  + i where 0 and z  1, satisfies the condition that is purely real, then the
1 z
set of values of z is [JEE 2006, 3]
(A) {z : | z | = 1} (B) {z : z = z } (C) {z : z  1} (D) {z : | z | = 1, z  1}

41. Let f (x) = x3 + ax2 + bx + c be a cubic polynomial with real coefficients and all real roots. Also
| f (i) | = 1 where i = 1
Statement-1: All 3 roots of f (x) = 0 are zero
because
Statement-2: a + b + c = 0
(A) Statement-1 is true, statement-2 is true and statement-2 is correct explanation for statement-1.
(B) Statement-1 is true, statement-2 is true and statement-2 is NOT the correct explanation for
statement-1.
(C) Statement-1 is true, statement-2 is false.
(D) Statement-1 is false, statement-2 is true.

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 COMPLEX NUMBER
[COMPREHENSION TYPE]
Paragraph for question number 42 to 44
4z  5i
For the complex number w =
2z  1
42. The locus of z, when w is a real number other than 2, is
(A) a point circle
5 5
(B) a straight line with slope  and y-intercept
2 4
5 5
(C) a straight line with slope and y-intercept
2 4
(D) a straight line passing through the origin

43. The locus of z, when w is a purely imaginary number is

(A) a circle with centre  ,   passing through origin.

1 5
 2 4

(B) a circle with centre   ,  passing through origin.

1 5
 4 8

(C) a circle with centre  ,   and radius

1 5 29
 4 8 8
(D) any other circle

44. The locus of z, when | w | = 1 is

(A) a circle with centre   ,  and radius

5 1 1
 8 4 2

(B) a circle with centre  ,   and radius

1 5 1
 4 8 2

 5 1 1
(C) a circle with centre  ,   and radius
 8 4 2
(D) any other circle

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 COMPLEX NUMBER
[MATCHING COLUMN TYPE]
45. Column-I Column-II
(A) Let  be a non real cube root of unity then the number of distinct (P) 4
elements in the set {(1 +  + 2 .......+ n )m | m, n N} is
(B) Let 1, , 2 be the cube root of unity. The least possible (Q) 5
degree of a polynomial with real coefficients having roots
2, (2 + 3), (2 + 32), (2 –  – 2), is
(C)  = 6 + 4i and  = (2 + 4i) are two complex numbers on the (R) 6
complex plane. A complex number z satisfying amp
 z   
 z     6 moves on the major segment of a circle (S) 7

whose radius is
[SUBJECTIVE TYPE]
46. A polynomial f(z) when divided by (z – w) leaves remainder 2  i 3 and when divided by
(z – w2) leaves remainder 2  i 3 . If the remainder obtained when f(z) is divided by z2 + z + 1
is az + b (where w is non-real cube root of unity and a, b  R+), then find the value of (a + b).

47. Let z1, z2, z3 are three pair wise distinct complex numbers and t1, t2, t3 are non-negative real
numbers such that t1 + t2 + t3 = 1. Prove that the complex number z = t1z1 + t2z2 + t3z3 lies
inside a triangle with vertices z1, z2, z3 or on its boundary.

48. Let A z1 ; B  z2; C z3 are three complex numbers denoting the vertices of an acute angled
triangle. If the origin ‘O’ is the orthocentre of the triangle, then prove that
z1z2  z1z 2  z 2 z3  z2z3  z3z1  z3z1
hence show that the ABC is a right angled triangle
 z1z2  z1z 2  z 2 z3  z2z3  z3 z1  z3z1  0

49. Let  + i; ,  R, be a root of the equation x3 + qx + r = 0; q, r  R. Find a real cubic
equation, independent of & , whose one root is 2.

 1  sin   i cos  
n
 n   n 
Prove that   n + i sin   n
 1  sin   i cos  
50. = cos 
 2   2 

   
5 5
 
Hence deduce that 1  sin  i cos  + i 1  sin  i cos  = 0
 5 5  5 5

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 COMPLEX NUMBER
51. If cos (–) + cos ( – ) + cos ( – ) = –3/2 then prove that :
(a) cos 2 = 0 =  sin 2
 (b)  sin (+) = 0 =  cos (+ )
(c)  sin2 =  cos2 = 3/2
(d)  sin 3 = 3 sin (+ + )
(e)  cos 3 = 3 cos (+ + )
(f) cos3(+ ) + cos3(+ )+cos3(+ )= 3cos(+ ).cos (+ ).cos (+ ) where R.

52. If x = 1+ i 3 ; y = 1 – i 3 & z = 2 , then prove that xp + yp = zp for every prime p > 3.

53. Simplify and express the result in the form of a + bi :

2
 4i 3  i  3  2i 3  2i
(a)  (B) 
 2i  1  2  5i 2  5i

54. Find the modulus, argument and the principal argument of the complex numbers.
10  10 
(i) z = 1 + cos   + i sin  (ii) (tan1 – i)2
 9   9 

5  12i  5  12i i 1
(iii) z  (iv)
5  12i  5  12i  2  2
i 1  cos   sin
 5 5
55. Given that x, y  R, solve :
x y 5  6i
(a)   (b)(2 + 3i) x2– (3 – 2i) y = 2x – 3y + 5i
1  2i 3  2i 8i  1

56. Let Z = 18 + 26i where Z0 = x0 + iy0 (x0, y0 R) is the cube root of Z having least positive
argument. Find the value of x0y0(x0 + y0).

57. Show that the locus formed by z in the equation z3 + iz = 1 never crosses the co-ordinate axes
 Im(z)
in the Argand’s plane. Further show that |z| =
2 Re(z) Im(z)  1

58.
2
 2
 2
 2

Let z1, z2 C such that z12  z 22 R. If z1 z1  3z 2 = 10 and z 2 3z1  z 2 = 30. Find the value of

z 2
1 
 z 22 .

C.O.: NAIVEDHYAM, Plot No. SP-11, Old INOX, Indira Vihar, Kota (Raj.) 324005 Ph. 0744-2799900 68
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 COMPLEX NUMBER
59. Let z1& z2 be any two arbitrary complex numbers then prove that :
1 z z
|z1 + z2|  (|z1| + |z2|) 1  2 .
2 | z1 | | z 2 |

60. (i) Let Cr's denotes the combinatorial coefficients in the expansion of (1 + x)n, n  N. If the
integers
an = C0 + C3 + C6 + C9 + ........
bn = C1 + C4 + C7 + C10 + ........
and cn = C2 + C5 + C8 + C11 + ........, then
prove that (a) a 3n  b3n  c3n – 3anbncn = 2n, (b) (an – bn)2 + (bn – cn)2 + (cn – an)2 = 2.
(ii) Prove the identity : (C0 – C2 + C4 – C6 + .....)2 + (C1 – C3 + C5 – C7 + .......)2 = 2n

61. A function ƒ is defined on the complex number by ƒ(z) = (a + bi)z, where 'a' and 'b' are positive
numbers. This function has the property that the image of each point in the complex plane is
u
equidistant from that point and the origin. Given that |a + bi| = 8 and that b2= where u and v
v
are coprimes. Find the value of (u + v).

62. Prove that :

n  2
. cos 
x
(a) cos x + nC1 cos 2x + nC2 cos 3x + ..... + nCn cos (n + 1) x = 2n . cosn
 2 
x
2
n  2
. sin 
x
(b) sin x + nC1 sin 2x + nC2 sin 3x + ..... + nCn sin (n + 1) x = 2n . cosn x
 2 
x
2

63. Let 1, 2, 3, ..........n be the complex numbers. A line L on the complex plane is called a
mean line for the points 1, 2, 3, ........n if L contains the points (complex numbers)
n
z1, z2, z3, ......zn such that  (z
k 1
k   k )  0 . Now for the complex number 1 = 32 + 170i,

2 = –7 + 64i, 3 = – 9 + 200i, 4 = 1 + 27i and 5 = –14 + 43i, there is a unique mean line
with y-intercept 3. Find the slope of the line.

a b c
64. Let a, b, c be distinct complex numbers such that   = k. Find the value of k.
1 b 1 c 1 a

65. Let ,  be fixed complex numbers and z is a variable complex number such that,
|z –2 + |z – |2 = k.
Find out the limits for 'k' such that the locus of z is a circle. Find also the centre and radius of
the circle.

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 COMPLEX NUMBER
66. C is the complex number. f : C  R is defined by f (z) = | z – z + 2|. Find the maximum value
3

of ƒ(z) if | z | = 1.

67. If the area of the polygon whose vertices are the solutions (in the complex plane) of the
equation x7 + x6 + x5 + x4 + x3 + x2 + x + 1 = 0, can be expressed in the simplest form as
a b c
, find the value(a + b + c + d).
d

68. Let z1, z2 be complex numbers with |z1| = |z2| = 1, prove that |z1 + 1| + |z2 + 1| + |z1z2 + 1|  2.

69. One root of the cubic 2z3 – (5 + 6i)z2 + 9iz + 1 – 3i = 0 is real. If all the three roots of this cubic
are plotted on the complex plane, then find the area of the triangle formed by them.

70. If  is the fifth root of 2 and x =  + 2, prove that x5 = 10x2 + 10x + 6.

71. Let z1, z2, z3, z4 be the vertices A, B, C, D respectively of a square on the Argand diagram taken
in anticlockwise direction then prove that :
(i) 2z2 = (1 + i) z1 + (1– i)z3 & (ii) 2z4 = (1– i) z1 + (1 + i) z3

72. Let f (x) = logcos3x (cos2i x)if x  0 and f (0) = K (where i = 1 ) is continuous at x = 0 then
find the value of K.

73. Let A = {a  R | the equation (1 + 2i)x3 – 2(3 + i)x2 + (5 – 4i)x + 2a2 = 0} has at least one real
root. Find the value of a
a A
2
.

74. Find centre and radius of the circle determined by all complex numbers z = x + i y satisfying
(z   )
= k, where  = 1+ i2,  = 1+ i2 are fixed complex and k  1.
(z  )
[JEE 2004, 2 out of 60]

75. If one of the vertices of the square circumscribing the circle |z – 1| = 2 is 2 + 3 i . Find the
other vertices of square. [JEE 2005 (Mains), 4]

C.O.: NAIVEDHYAM, Plot No. SP-11, Old INOX, Indira Vihar, Kota (Raj.) 324005 Ph. 0744-2799900 70
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 COMPLEX NUMBER

ANSWER KEY
1. D 2. D 3. B 4. C 5. B 6. A 7. B
8. C 9. B 10. D 11. A 12. C 13. A 14. B
15. B 16. A 17. B 18. D 19. D 20. C 21. D
22. C 23. C 24. D 25. C 26. C 27. C 28. B
29. C 30. C 31. A 32. C 33. B 34. D 35. D
36. D 37. D 38. A 39. B 40. D 41. B 42. C
43. B 44. D 45. (A) S; (B) Q; (C) P 46. 5
8
49. x3 + qx – r = 0 53. (a) 3 + 4i (b)   0i
29
4 4 4
54. (i) Principal Arg z = – ; |z| = 2 cos ; Arg z = 2 k– kI
9 9 9
(ii) Modulus = sec21 , Arg = 2 n + (2 – ) (n  I) ; Principal Arg = (2 – )
 3  2
(iii) Principal value of Arg z = – &|z|= ; Principal value of Arg z = &|z| =
2 2 2 3
1  11 11
(iv) Modulus = cosec , Arg z =2n+ (n  I) , Principal Arg =
2 5 20 20
 5
55. (a) x = 1 & y = 2 (b) (1 ,1) &  0,  56. 12 58. 10 61. 259
 2

1
63. 163 64. –  or – 2 65. k> | – |2
2

66. |f(z)| is maximum when z = , where  is the cube root unity and |f(z)| = 13
67. 8
1 4
69. 72. K=– 73. 18
4 9
k 2   1
74. Centre  , Radius = 2 |   k 2 |2 (k 2 . |  |2  |  |2 ).(k 2  1)
k 1
2
(k  1)

75. z2 = –   
3 i ; z3 = 1  3 + i ; z4 = 1  3 – i 

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 Result Highlights 2020

6 100
RANK 39
99.9986085
RANK 40
99.9986085
RANK

Percentile Percentile Percentile

HARSHVARDHAN AGARWAL VAIBHAV SAHA DAKSH KHANDELWAL
DLP CCP CCP

2019

100 Percentile 99.99 Percentile 99.98 Percentile 99.98 Percentile 99.97 Percentile 99.97 Percentile 99.96 Percentile 99.96 Percentile
HIMANSHU GAURAV SINGH GAURAV KRISHAN GUPTA SARTHAK ROUT VIBHAV AGGARWAL RITVIK GUPTA BHAVYA JAIN AYUSH PATTNAIK SAYANTAN DHAR
2019 (*SDCCP) 2020 (DLP) 2020 (CCP) 2019 (CCP) 2020 (DLP) 2020 (CCP) 2019 (CCP) 2020 (DLP)
 IIT MATHEMATICS

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