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SQL Commands Handwritten Notes
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i oe Gane wake’ SQL COMMANDS Qhe-progrormmigy- qu SQL Commands ®SQL commands ave insivuctions . Tt is used to Commu Wicate with the datobsse. TA is also used to pesform Specific tasks funclions ond queries oF data ®SL can perform various tasks like creale a table. Add data to tables , drop the table modify the table Set Petmission for users ‘Types of SQL Commands :- There axe five Ly pes of S@L Commands :- SQL° Command — @theprepramming-gin! I T DD. dM .OcL «te Dal Leseate — Tnsest [Cert Commit L Select L Drop | Update. Revolce Roll back | Alley I Delete Save Point | Runcete 4-Data Definakion Language CDDL) ® DDL changes the structure of the Lable like creatin a table deleting a table , citering atable ,ete « All the commands of DDL ave auto-commiltedthat means it ' the database Pexmanently Save all the changes Here cre some commands that come andes DDL* * CREATE “ALTER *DRop ° TRUNCATE O- CRETE: Tt is used to cseote a new table in dhe dakabes4 Syntax 1 - CREATE TABLE_-NIAmE CCoLUmMAL_NAME DATATYPE) Example: = CREATE TABLE EMPLOYEE CName VARCHARZO), Emoil ¥| b. DRop :- Tk is used to delete both the stuctuse and Necord Stored in the table Syn Ox i= DRopP TABLE table name ; Example :- (Dthe-programming -grl DRop TABLE EMPLONEE ; CG. ALTER :- TA is used to alter the shucture of thel ddlabase. This could be eithes to modita dhe chara clesistics of an existing attribute os pa obably to ocd G new alhibute. i - _ Example ALTER TABLE STU-DETATLS ADD CADDRESS “VARCHAR 2 G24) R_TABLE_STU-DETATLS_MODTEY CNAME VARCHAR 2 (29) ®ad. TRUNCATE - TA iS used to clelele eill the rows from the fable and free the Space Containing the table. Syntax: TRUNCATE TABLE table-heame Example:~ : TRUNCATE TABLE EmpLoYer; @the-proyromning gis! 2. ORTH Manipulation Language :- DML commands are Used to modify the clatabasd Ti_is Besponsible for all form of changes in the database. The command of BML is not auo-commited e TNSERT e UPDATE eDELETE QO- INSERT -- The INSERT statement is SQL Query. Tt is used to insest clata into the tow of a table. Syntax '- TNSEAT INTO TABLE-NAME VALUES Cvolue | Value 2 , values value nid: b. UPDATE 1— This Command is usec to update or Modify the value of a column in dhe table, Syntax: — UPDATE Lable-name SET [columnname | = value} v-tolu) C. DeleTe:- Tk is usecl to gerove one oy mar row form ctable + (a)| Examp| e:- —t : DELETE FROM javatjoeint O4the-progrumniy4-gi! WHERE Author= “Sonoo”’ S. Data Control Language DCL commands ave used 4o grant and tevoke auth} ovity Srom ang dotabose User. 0 Grant e Revoke a+ Grank +7 Th is used to give user acess privileges Ao dalobasd Example !~ Grant SeLecT, UPDATE ON MY_TAGBLE TS Some_ustR, A b. Reveke:- Tt is used to. take bock permissions from the user UTransaction Conkol Language *- "TEL commands can only use with DML Commands Vike INseRT, DELETE and VPDATE only. *COMMIT _ © ROLL BACK + SAVE POINT Ge Commit :- Commit Command iS used to save all transaction] fo the datubase - Example? DELETE [rom Cus Tomers COHERE AGE -=257 Cormmit: 4 |Rollback: Rollback command ig used To undo ansactions that have net already been saved te the database Syntax = ROLLO Acc C. Save PoTNT:- Tk is used to tel the ansachon bacle ty a certain Potnt twidhout rolling back enlive tansaclion, Syntaxt- SPVEPOTNT SAVEPOTNT —NAME DATA Query LANGUAGE !- DAL is Usecl to felch the data fom the clotub-| ase. O SELECT a- select: This is Same ag dhe |arosection operati- on of relational alyeliora. TA is used to select dhe akbubule based on dhe condition Syntax *~ SELECT xpress 10ns FRom Taretes WHERE conditions ; Fallow For More (a) he —Progpammmning: in| PDE uploded on lelegiam, Source ~ Javatpoint- Q 7
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