Lecture-1 Introduction

EE220
EE220 Circuits I
Dr. Cansın Yaman Evrenosoğlu (Dr. E)

Electrical & Biomedical Engineering Department
University of Nevada, Reno
Dr. C.Y. Evrenosoglu

Important EE220
• Short exams every two weeks

• Bonus points in exams
• No curving
• Make sure your email in the system works!

Classroom Rules EE220
• If you are late to the class, that is fine AS LONG

AS you do not disturb the class when you enter.
• Please silence your cell phones.
• If you are going to work on something on your
laptop (unrelated to the class) OR if you are going
to play games on your i-phone OR if you are
going to text your friend(s) THEN please sit in the
back so that you don’t distract other students
around you.

Outline EE220
• Engineers, engineering
• Being a student
• Abstraction
• Lumped Circuit Abstraction

Who are we? EE220
Engineers
Is this true?
“Engineering is the purposeful use of
science” Steve Senturia

Skills of an engineer? EE220
• Judging
• Questioning
• Analytical thinking
• Focusing on the optimal solution for a given
problem subject to constraints
• Thinking out of the box

Engineering training EE220
• 4-year (minimum) undergraduate degree

– University system is 800 years old (i.e. proven)
– Undergraduate study is the most important step in
training yourself for a profession.
– You have two options during your B.S. degree:
• Acquire the engineering perspective and train
yourself as a real engineer!
• Acquire a regurgitation mindset and you will train
yourself to be a monkey!
CHOOSE the right one, but HOW?

• Thomas Edison:
– Genius is 1% inspiration and 99%
perspiration
• Effort is more important than intrinsic
ability
• Intrinsic ability is helpful, but not nearly
sufficient

• Your JOB is being a STUDENT and

LEARN as much as you can!
• DO NOT WASTE your time for 4 years: this
is your only opportunity to have good
foundation for your profession
• DEVELOP the necessary study and time
management skills!
• Good training requires TIME and EFFORT!

Study skills EE220
• Study class-to-class not test-to-test

• REVIEW each lecture SAME DAY for 30
minutes!
• The only way we, human beings, learn something is
with continuous repetition.
• You will NOT learn and NOT remember anything
if you study only for tests and if you just solve
examples! IT WILL NOT WORK! You will train
yourself as to be a __________.

Being a student: Seeking help EE220
• The most successful students are the ones

who look for help when they need it. Applies
to ALL 4.0 students.
• The least successful students are the ones
who are unwilling to seek help when they
need it.
• This is not a generalization. It’s always true.

Being a student: Involvement EE220
• Studies show that engaged students are

academically successful
• GET INVOLVED!!
1. Time and energy spent studying
2. Time spent on campus
3. Participation in student organizations
4. Interaction with faculty
5. Interaction with other students
6. …

Being an engineering student: Engineering Stereotypes EE220
What's the difference between an introverted

engineer and an extroverted engineer ?
The introvert looks at his shoes when he's

talking to you. The extrovert looks at your
shoes.

Being an engineering student: Employment EE220
• Being a successful engineering student is your

JOB
• Learn how to excel at it for recognition
• If you don’t excel, you’re fired OR you will be
one in thousands…

Being an engineering student: Studying in Groups EE220
• First; study the material by yourself

• Then; discuss the material with your classmates.
• Communicate with your classmates!
• Different from copying homework assignments…
• Brainstorming, discussing the class material
• Engineers in industry rarely, if ever, get to work
alone. Get used to working in groups.

NOW, Let’s talk business… EE220
• EE220
– Circuits?
• Is it only about electrical?
• How do we engineers start analyzing a problem?
– We model the problem on the paper using
ABSTRACTION…
• Algebra
• Calculus
• Matrices
• Computer programming…etc
• What is ABSTRACTION?

Mathematics in EE220 EE220
• Complex arithmetic
• Basic matrix algebra
• Basic calculus (integration & differentiation)
– We will review these throughout the
semester when we need them.
– It is very important to acquire basic
mathematics skills to succeed in EE220 and
in your engineering career.

Abstraction EE220
Nature; observed in experiments

V 1 3 5 Physics laws or “abstractions”
I 0.1 0.2 0.3
• Maxwell’s abstraction for
tables of data
• Ohm’s
Lumped circuit abstraction
R V L C S
M
Simple amplifier abstraction
Analog abstraction (Operational Amplifier) Digital abstraction

+
-

Abstraction EE220
Analog abstraction (OpAmp) Digital abstraction
Filters Combinational logic

Clocked digital
abstraction
Analog System Instruction set abstraction
Components Microprocessors…etc
Modulators, Programming languages
Java, C++, Matlab…etc
oscillators,
Software systems
RF amps,
Operating systems,
power supplies…etc browsers…etc
Toasters, sonar, stereos, space shuttle

Thanks to Anant Agarwal and Jeffrey Lang, course materials for 6.002 Circuits and Electronics, Spring 2007. MIT
Dr. C.Y. Evrenosoglu OpenCourseWare(http://ocw.mit.edu/), Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Downloaded on 25/11/2009
Abstraction EE220
Analog abstraction Digital abstraction
Anant Agarwal and Jeffrey Lang, Foundations of Analog and Digital Electronic Circuits, Morgan Kaufmann, 2005
Lumped Circuit Abstraction EE220
• Philosophy Physics & Mathematics Electrical Engineering
What is the current

through the bulb?
• If we don’t use simplification, then we have to use ________?

– MAXWELL’s equations
Differential Form Integral Form
Faraday’s
Continuity
Others
You are asked: What is the acceleration?

You ask back: What is the mass?
You are given “m”
You give the answer: a = F/m
The shape of the object

Its temperature
Its color
Point of force application
ARE ALL IGNORED in your calculation!
Point – mass discretization (lumping)
The discretization discipline states that we choose

to deal with discrete elements or ranges and ascribe
a single value to each discrete element or range.
The discretization discipline requires us to ignore
the distribution of values within a discrete element.
The process of discretization can also be viewed as
a way of modeling physical systems.
Building upon the set of abstractions that define the

transition from physics to electrical engineering, electrical
engineering creates further abstractions to manage the
complexity of building large systems.
A lumped circuit element is often used as an abstract

representation or a model of a piece of material with
complicated internal behavior.
An electric circuit often serves as an abstract representation

of interrelated physical phenomena.
We ignore:
• How current flows inside the filament
• The frequency
• Its temperature, shape, orientation and etc…
Now, we can replace the bulb with a discrete

resistor and we can replace the battery with an
ideal source to calculate the current.
R represents the only property of interest!
R relates V (voltage) and I (current)
is called v-i relationship
R is a lumped element abstraction for the bulb
R is a lumped element abstraction for the

bulb.
We will use lumped abstractions throughout
this course, however, we have to make sure
that the abstraction is reasonable.
Ensure that V and I are defined for the
element.
Black box
V and I must be defined for the element
I must be defined for the element. Only true when

I into SA = I out of SB
(Maxwell)
IA = IB
∂q
is only true if = 0 in the filament!
∂t
That means, there is no loss or gain of electrons
in the filament…
VA
(Maxwell)
VB
∂φB
VAB is defined if =0 outside the filament!
∂t
That means, there is no source of magnetic flux
outside the filament, which will effect the number
of electrons flowing through the filament…
Lumped Matter Discipline (LMD) or self imposed

constraints:
∂φB Outside
=0
∂t
∂q
=0 Inside elements
∂t Ex. Bulb, battery, wire…etc
Lumped circuit abstraction applies when elements

adhere to the lumped matter discipline.
Lumped Matter Discipline (LMD)for circuits:

1.The rate of change of magnetic flux linked
with any portion of the circuit must be zero
for all time.

2.The rate of change of the charge at any node
in the circuit must be zero for all time. A
node is any point in the circuit at which two
or more element terminals are connected
using wires.

3.The signal timescales must be much larger
than the propagation delay of
electromagnetic waves through the circuit.
• The primitive circuit elements, the means

for combining them, and the means of
abstraction form the graphical language of
circuits.
• Circuit theory is a well established
discipline.
• With maturity has come widespread utility.
• The language of circuits has become
universal for problem-solving in many
disciplines.
• Mechanical, chemical, metallurgical, biological, thermal,

and economic processes are often represented in circuit
theory terms, because the mathematics for analysis of
linear and nonlinear circuits is both powerful and well-
developed.
• For this reason electronic circuit models are often used as
analogs in the study of many physical processes.
• Students whose main focus is on some area of
engineering other than electrical engineering should
therefore view the material in this class from the broad
perspective of an introduction to the modeling of dynamic
systems.

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EE220

Dr. Cansın Yaman Evrenosoğlu (Dr. E)

Dr. C.Y. Evrenosoglu

• Short exams every two weeks

Dr. C.Y. Evrenosoglu

• If you are late to the class, that is fine AS LONG

Dr. C.Y. Evrenosoglu

Dr. C.Y. Evrenosoglu

Dr. C.Y. Evrenosoglu

Dr. C.Y. Evrenosoglu

• 4-year (minimum) undergraduate degree

Dr. C.Y. Evrenosoglu

Dr. C.Y. Evrenosoglu

• Your JOB is being a STUDENT and

Dr. C.Y. Evrenosoglu

• Study class-to-class not test-to-test

Dr. C.Y. Evrenosoglu

• The most successful students are the ones

Dr. C.Y. Evrenosoglu

• Studies show that engaged students are

Dr. C.Y. Evrenosoglu

What's the difference between an introverted

The introvert looks at his shoes when he's

Dr. C.Y. Evrenosoglu

• Being a successful engineering student is your

Dr. C.Y. Evrenosoglu

• First; study the material by yourself

Dr. C.Y. Evrenosoglu

Dr. C.Y. Evrenosoglu

Dr. C.Y. Evrenosoglu

Nature; observed in experiments

Lumped circuit abstraction

Simple amplifier abstraction

Analog abstraction (Operational Amplifier) Digital abstraction

Dr. C.Y. Evrenosoglu

Analog abstraction (OpAmp) Digital abstraction

Filters Combinational logic

Toasters, sonar, stereos, space shuttle

Analog abstraction Digital abstraction

• Philosophy Physics & Mathematics Electrical Engineering

What is the current

• If we don’t use simplification, then we have to use ________?

Differential Form Integral Form

You are asked: What is the acceleration?

The shape of the object

The discretization discipline states that we choose

Building upon the set of abstractions that define the

A lumped circuit element is often used as an abstract

An electric circuit often serves as an abstract representation

Now, we can replace the bulb with a discrete

R represents the only property of interest!

R relates V (voltage) and I (current)

is called v-i relationship

R is a lumped element abstraction for the bulb

R is a lumped element abstraction for the

V and I must be defined for the element

I must be defined for the element. Only true when

Lumped Matter Discipline (LMD) or self imposed

Lumped circuit abstraction applies when elements