Astm A255

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles
for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: A255 − 20a
Standard Test Methods for

Determining Hardenability of Steel1
This standard is issued under the fixed designation A255; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope* responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-

1.1 These test methods cover the identification and descrip- priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
tion of test methods for determining the hardenability of steels. mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
The two test methods include the quantitative end-quench or 1.7 This international standard was developed in accor-
Jominy Test and a method for calculating the hardenability of dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
steel from the chemical composition based on the original work ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
by M. A. Grossman. Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
1.2 The selection of the test method to be used for deter- Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
mining the hardenability of a given steel shall be agreed upon
between the supplier and user. The Certified Material Test 2. Referenced Documents
Report shall state the method of hardenability determination. 2.1 ASTM Standards:2
1.3 The calculation method described in these test methods E18 Test Methods for Rockwell Hardness of Metallic Ma-
is applicable only to the range of chemical compositions that terials
follow: E112 Test Methods for Determining Average Grain Size
Element Range, %
Carbon 0.10–0.70 END-QUENCH OR JOMINY TEST

Manganese 0.50–1.65
Silicon 0.15–0.60 3. Description
Nickel 1.50 max
Chromium 1.35 max 3.1 This test method covers the procedure for determining
Molybdenum 0.55 max the hardenability of steel by the end-quench or Jominy test. The
Copper 0.35 max
Vanadium 0.20 max test consists of water quenching one end of a cylindrical test
specimen 1.0 in. in diameter and measuring the hardening
1.4 Hardenability is a measure of the depth to which steel
response as a function of the distance from the quenched end.
will harden when quenched from its austenitizing temperature
(Table 1). It is measured quantitatively, usually by noting the 4. Apparatus
extent or depth of hardening of a standard size and shape of test
specimen in a standardized quench. In the end-quench test the 4.1 Support for Test Specimen—A fixture for supporting the
depth of hardening is the distance along the specimen from the test specimen vertically so that the lower end of the specimen
quenched end which correlates to a given hardness level. is a distance of 0.5 in. (12.7 mm) above the orifice of the
water-quenching device. A satisfactory type of support for the
1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded standard 1.0 in. (25.4 mm) specimen is shown in Fig. 1.
as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only NOTE 1—A suitable support for other sizes and shapes of specimens is
shown in Fig. X1.1.
and are not considered standard.
4.2 Water-Quenching Device—A water-quenching device of
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the
suitable capacity to provide a vertical stream of water that can
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
be controlled to a height of 2.5 in. (63.5 mm) when passing
through an orifice 0.5 in. (12.7 mm) in diameter. A tank of
1
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on
Steel, Stainless Steel and Related Alloys and are the direct responsibility of
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2
Subcommittee A01.15 on Bars. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2020. Published November 2020. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at [email protected]. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 1942. Last previous edition approved in 2020 as A255–20. DOI: Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
10.1520/A0255-20A. the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard

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A255 − 20a
TABLE 1 Normalizing and Austenitizing TemperaturesA NOTE 2—Other sizes and shapes of test specimens are described in
Normalizing Austenitizing Appendix X1.
Steel Series Ordered Carbon Temperature, Temperature,
Content, max, % °F (°C) °F (°C) 6. Procedure
1000, 1300, 1500, 0.25 and under 1700 (925) 1700 (925) 6.1 Normalizing—The wrought product from which the
5
3100, 4000, 4100
specimen is to be prepared shall be normalized to ensure proper
4300, 4400, 4500, 0.26 to 0.36, incl 1650 (900) 1600 (870) hardening characteristics. The sample shall be held at the
4600, 4700, 5000, temperature listed in Table 1 for 1 h and cooled in air.
5100, 6100,B 8100,
8600, 8700, 8800, 0.37 and over 1600 (870) 1550 (845)
Tempering of the normalized sample to improve machinability
9400, 9700, 9800 is permitted.
0.25 and under 1700 (925) 1550 (845) 6.2 Heating—Place the specimen in a furnace that is at the
5 specified austenitizing temperature (Table 1) and hold at this

2300, 2500, 3300,
4800, 9300 0.26 to 0.36, incl 1650 (900) 1500 (815)
temperature for 30 min. In production testing slightly longer
0.37 and over 1600 (870) 1475 (800)
times up to 35 min may be used without appreciably affecting
results. It is important to heat the specimen in such an
9200 0.50 and over 1650 (900) 1600 (870) atmosphere that practically no scaling and a minimum of
A
B
A variation of ±10 °F (6 °C) from the temperatures in this table is permissible. decarburization takes place. This may be accomplished by
Normalizing and austenitizing temperatures are 50 °F (30 °C) higher for the 6100
series.
heating the specimen in a vertical position in a container with
an easily removable cover containing a layer of cast-iron chips
with the bottom face of the specimen resting on the chips.
6.2.1 Other methods consist of placing the specimen in an
sufficient capacity to maintain the water temperature require- appropriately sized hole in a graphite block or placing the
ments of 6.3 with a small pump and control valves will be specimen in an upright tube attached to a flat base, both of a
found satisfactory. The water-supply line shall also be provided heat-resistant metal, with the collar projecting for a tong hold.
with a quick opening valve. Place a disk of graphite or carbon, or a layer of carbonaceous
material such as charcoal, in the bottom of the tube to prevent
5. Test Specimens scaling.
5.1 Wrought Specimens—End-quench specimens shall be 6.2.2 For a particular fixture and furnace, determine the time
prepared from rolled or forged stock and shall represent the full required to heat the specimen to the austenitizing temperature
cross section of the product. If negotiated between the supplier by inserting a thermocouple into a hole drilled axially in the top
and the user, the end-quench specimen may be prepared from of the specimen. Repeat this procedure periodically, for ex-
a given location in a forged or rolled product or from a ample once a month, for each combination of fixture and
continuous cast billet. The test specimen shall be 1.0 in. (25.4 furnace.
mm) in diameter by 4.0 in. (101.6 mm) in length, with means 6.3 Quenching—Adjust the water-quenching device so that
for hanging it in a vertical position for end quenching. the stream of water rises to a free height of 2.5 in. (63.5 mm)
Dimensions of the preferred specimen and of an optional above the 0.5 in. (12.7 mm) orifice, without the specimen in
specimen (Note 2) are given in Figs. 2 and 3. The specimen position. The support for the specimen shall be dry at the
shall be machined from a bar previously normalized in beginning of each test. Then place the heated specimen in the
accordance with 6.1 and of such size as to permit the removal support so that its bottom face is 0.5 in. above the orifice, and
of all decarburization in machining to 1.0 in. round. The end of turn on the water by means of the quick-opening valve. The
the specimen to be water cooled shall have a reasonably time between removal of the specimen from the furnace and
smooth finish, preferably produced by grinding. Normalizing the beginning of the quench should not be more than 5 s. Direct
may be waived by agreement between the supplier and the the stream of water, at a temperature of 40 °F to 85 °F (5 °C to
user. The previous thermal history of the specimen tested shall 30 °C), against the bottom face of the specimen for not less
always be recorded. than 10 min. Maintain a condition of still air around the
5.2 Cast Specimens—A separately cast end-quench speci- specimen during cooling. If the specimen is not cold when
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men may be used for non-boron steels. Cast specimens are not removed from the fixture, immediately quench it in water.
suitable for boron steel grades due to erratic results. A graphite 6.4 Hardness Measurement—Two flats 180° apart shall be
or metal mold may be used to form an overlength specimen 1.0 ground to a minimum depth of 0.015 in. (0.38 mm) along the
in. (25.4 mm) in diameter which shall be cut to the standard entire length of the bar and Rockwell C hardness measure-
specimen size. The mold may also be used to form a 1.25 in. ments made along the length of the bar. Shallower ground
(31.8 mm) diameter specimen which shall be machined to the depths can affect reproducibility of results, and correlation with
final specimen size. Cast tests need not be normalized. cooling rates in quenched bars.

A255 − 20a
FIG. 1 Test Specimen in Support for Water Quenching
FIG. 2 Preferred Test Specimen
FIG. 3 Optional Test Specimen
6.4.1 The preparation of the two flats must be carried out cooling and a coarse, soft-grinding wheel are recommended to
with considerable care. They should be mutually parallel and avoid heating the specimen. In order to detect tempering due to
the grinding done in such a manner that no change of the grinding, the flat may be etched with one of the following
quenched structure takes place. Very light cuts with water etchant solutions:
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A255 − 20a
NOTE 3—5 % nitric acid (concentrated) and 95 % water by volume. 6.4.4.2 For reporting purposes, hardness readings should be
NOTE 4—50 % hydrochloric acid (concentrated) and 50 % water by recorded to the nearest integer, with 0.5 HRC values rounded
volume. to the next higher integer.
Wash the sample in hot water. Etch in solution No. 1 until
black. Wash in hot water. Immerse in solution No. 2 for 3 s and 7. Plotting Test Results
wash in hot water. Dry in air blast. 7.1 Test results should be plotted on a standard hardenabil-
6.4.1.1 The presence of lighter or darker areas indicates that ity chart prepared for this purpose, in which the ordinates
hardness and structure have been altered in grinding. If such represent HRC values and the abscissae represent the distance
changes caused by grinding are indicated, new flats may be from the quenched end of the specimen at which the hardness
prepared. determinations were made. When hardness readings are taken
6.4.2 When hardness tests are made, the test specimen rests on two or more flats, the values at the same distance should be
on one of its flats on an anvil firmly attached to the hardness averaged and that value used for plotting. A facsimile of the
machine. It is important that no vertical movement be allowed standard ASTM hardenability chart on which typical harden-
when the major load is applied. The anvil must be constructed ability curves have been plotted is shown in Fig. 4.
to move the test specimen past the penetrator in accurate steps 8. Index of Hardenability
of 1⁄16 in. (1.5 mm). Resting the specimen in a V-block is not
permitted. 8.1 The hardenability of a steel can be designated by a
6.4.2.1 The Rockwell tester should periodically be checked specific HRC hardness value or HRC hardness value range at
against standard test blocks. It is recommended that a test block a given Jominy (“J”) distance. Examples of this method are
be interposed between the specimen and the indenter to check J 4⁄16 in. (6.4 mm) = 47 HRC min, J 7⁄16 in. (11.1 mm) = 50
the seating of the indenter and the specimen simultaneously. HRC max, and J 5⁄16 in. (7.9 mm) = 38–49 HRC.
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For general statements regarding the use of test blocks and 9. Report
surface conditions, reference should be made to 4.7 and 5.2,
respectively, of Test Methods E18. 9.1 Report the following information that may be recorded
on the ASTM hardenability chart:
6.4.3 Exercise care in registering the point of the indenter in
9.1.1 Previous thermal history of the specimen tested, in-
relationship to the quenched end of the specimen as well as
cluding the temperature of normalizing and austenitizing,
providing for accurate spacing between indentations. A low-
9.1.2 Chemical Composition,
power measuring microscope is suitable for use in determining
9.1.3 ASTM grain size (McQuaid-Ehn) as determined by
the distance from the quenched end to the center of the first
Test Methods E112, unless otherwise indicated, and
impression and in checking the distance from center to center
9.1.4 A prominent notation on the standard hardenability
of the succeeding impressions. It has been found that with
chart if any of the test specimens listed in Appendix X1 are
reasonable operating care and a well-built fixture, it is practical
used.
to locate the center of the first impression 0.0625 in. 6 0.004
in. (1.5 mm 6 0.10 mm) from the quenched end. The CALCULATION OF HARDENABILITY
variations between spacings should be even smaller.
Obviously, it is more important to position the indenter 10. Introduction
accurately when testing low-hardenability steels than when 10.1 This method of Jominy Hardenability calculation from
testing high-hardenability steels. The positioning of the in- the chemical ideal diameter (DI) on a steel is based on the
denter should be checked with sufficient frequency to provide original work of M. A. Grossman and provides increased
assurance that accuracy requirements are being met. In cases of accuracy by refinement of the carbon multiplying factors and
lack of reproducibility or of differences between laboratories, the correlation of a boron factor (B.F.) with carbon and alloy
indenter spacing should be measured immediately. content. These refinements were based on analysis of thou-
6.4.4 Readings shall be taken in steps of 1⁄16 in. (1.6 mm) for sands of heats of boron and non-boron 1500, 4100, 5000, and
the first 16 sixteenths (25.4 mm), then 18, 20, 22, 24, 28, and 8600 series steels encompassing a range of compositions as
32 sixteenths of an inch. Values below 20 HRC are not follows and a range of DI as contained in Tables 2-5. The
recorded because such values are not accurate. When a flat on accuracy of this test method and the techniques used to develop
which readings have been made is used as a base, the burrs it have been documented. For comparison of this test method to
around the indentation shall be removed by grinding unless a others, or for steel compositions outside the mentioned grades,
fixture is used which has been relieved to accommodate the the user should refer to other articles concerned with calculat-
irregularities due to the indentations. ing hardenability.
6.4.4.1 Hardness readings should preferably be made on Element Range, %
two flats 180° apart. Testing on two flats will assist in the
Carbon 0.10–0.70
detection of errors in specimen preparation and hardness Manganese 0.50–1.65
measurement. If the two probes on opposite sides differ by Silicon 0.15–0.60
more than 4 HRC points at any one position, the test should be Nickel 1.50 max
Chromium 1.35 max
repeated on new flats, 90° from the first two flats. If the retest Molybdenum 0.55 max
also has greater than 4 HRC points spread, a new specimen Copper 0.35 max
should be tested. Vanadium 0.20 max

A255 − 20a
FIG. 4 Facsimile of Standard ASTM Hardenability Chart, Showing Typical Hardenability Curves
[Chart Size: 81⁄2 in. by 11 in. (216 mm by 279 mm)]
10.1.1 Calculated DI and Jominy hardenability curves are differs from the procedure as shown in 6.4.4.
valid only within the chemical ranges stated above. However, 10.3 DI Calculation for Non-Boron Steels—This calculation
to facilitate melting process control for higher alloy steels, relies on a series of hardenability factors (Table 6) for each
Hardenability Multiplying Factors have been included for alloying element in the composition which, when multiplied
calculating the DI within the following chemical composition together, gives a DI value. (For simplicity, only multiplying
ranges: factors for DI in inch-pound units are given. For DI in
Element Range, % millimetres, use the metric value table.) The effects of phos-
phorous and sulfur are not considered since they tend to cancel
Carbon 0.01–0.90
Manganese 0.01–1.95 one another. A No. 7 austenitic grain size is assumed since most
Silicon 0.01–2.00 steels with hardenability control are melted to a fine-grain
Nickel 0.01–3.50 practice where experience has demonstrated that a high per-
Chromium 0.01–2.50
Molybdenum 0.01–0.55 centage of heats conform to this grain size. An example DI
Copper 0.01–0.55 calculation is given as follows for an SAE 4118 modified steel:
Vanadium 0.01–0.20
Element % Multiplying Factor
Zirconium 0.01–0.25
10.2 Tables 2-18 are to be used to calculate hardenability Carbon 0.22 0.119
from the chemical ideal diameter for the grades shown in 10.1. Manganese 0.80 3.667
Silicon 0.18 1.126
Hardenability results are to be reported for the first 10 sixteenth Nickel 0.10 1.036
(16 mm), the 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 24, 28, and 32 sixteenths of an Chromium 0.43 1.929
Molybdenum 0.25 1.75
inch. Copper 0.10 1.04
NOTE 5—The reporting of hardenability using the calculated method Vanadium 0.05 1.09
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A255 − 20a
where: 10.4.5.3 Determine the boron multiplying factor from Table
DI = 0.119 × 3.667 × 1.126 × 1.036 × 1.929 × 1.75 × 1.04 × 1.09 = 1.95 in. 10. For this example with 0.29 % carbon and an alloy factor of
8.6, the boron multiplying factor is 2.31 (interpolation re-
10.4 DI Calculation for Boron Steels—With an effective quired).
steel making process, the boron factor (signifying the contri- 10.4.6 Calculate the DI with boron as follows:
bution for boron to increased hardenability) is an inverse
function of the carbon and alloy content. The higher the carbon where:
or alloy content, or both, the lower the boron factor. DIB = DI (without boron) × boron factor
10.4.1 The actual boron factor is expressed by the following DIB = 1.35 in. × 2.31
relationship: DIB = 3.12 in.
measured DI ~ from Jominy data and carbon content!
10.5 Hardenability Curves from Composition—With a pre-
B.F. 5
calculated DI ~ from composition excluding boron!
(1) determined DI (DIB for boron steel), the end-quench harden-
ability curve can be computed by the following procedure:
10.4.2 An example of actual boron factor determination is 10.5.1 The initial hardness (IH) at the J = 1⁄16 in. position is
given as follows for an SAE 15B30 modified steel: a function of carbon content and independent of hardenability
Calculated and is selected from Table 7. For the example non-boron SAE
DI 4118 modified heat containing 0.22 % carbon, the initial
Composition, (boron hardness is 45 HRC.
% C Mn Si Ni Cr Mo Cu B excluded)
0.29 1.25 0.20 0.13 0.07 0.03 0.24 0.0015 1.35 10.5.2 The hardness at other positions along the end-quench
in. specimen (termed distance hardness) is determined by dividing
End-Quench Test Results, in. the initial hardness by the appropriate factor from Table 2 (in.)
“J” Position (1⁄8 in.) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Hardness, HRC 50 50 49 48 47 45 41
or Table 3 (mm) for non-boron steels or from Table 4 (in.) or
“J” Position (1⁄8 in.) 8 9 10 12 14 16 Table 5 (mm) for boron steels.
Hardness, HRC 38 33 28 25 22 20
10.6 For the example non-boron heat with an IH = 45 HRC
10.4.3 Using Table 7, determine the nearest location on the and a calculated DI of 1.95 in., the hardness at the respective
end-quench curve where hardness corresponding to 50 % end-quench positions can be calculated by dividing 45 by the
martensite occurs for the actual carbon content. For the appropriate dividing factor listed in Table 2 (in.) for non-boron
example heat with 0.29 carbon, this hardness is 37 HRC steels. (For simplicity, the DI should be rounded to the nearest
occurring at a “J” distance of 8⁄16 in. from the quenched end 0.1 in.).
(interpolation required). 10.7 Distance Dividing Hardness Factors in Tables 2-5 are
10.4.4 From Table 8 (in.), a “J” distance of 8⁄16 in. equates to calculated from the equations in Tables 15-18. Multiplying
a measured DI of 2.97 in. (interpolation required). Factors in Table 6 are calculated from the equations in Table
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2.97 in.
11. Jominy Distance for 50 % Martensite versus DI in Tables 8
Boron Factor 5
1.35 in.
5 2.2 boron factor (2) and 9 are calculated from the equations in Table 13. Boron
Factor versus % Carbon and Alloy Factor in Table 10 are
10.4.5 Calculation of DI with Boron (DIB): calculated from the equations in Table 14. Equations represent-
10.4.5.1 Calculate the DI without boron. For the example in ing a least squares polynomial fit of the data contained in Table
10.4.4, this DI is 1.35 in. 7 is listed in Table 12. The use of these equations to plot curves
may result in random inflection points due to the characteristics
10.4.5.2 Calculate the alloy factor (the product of all the
of polynomial equations. These inflections will be minor,
multiplying factors from Table 6 excluding carbon). For the
however, and should be disregarded.
example in 10.4.4:
Calculated DI ~ without boron! 1.35 in. 11. Keywords
Alloy Factor 5 5 5 8.6 (3)
Carbon multiplying factor 0.157 in. 11.1 end-quench hardenability; hardenability

A255 − 20a
TABLE 2 Distance Hardness Dividing Factors for Non-Boron Steels, in.
Ideal Jominy End-Quench Distance (1⁄16 in.)
Diameter
(DI), in. 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 12 14 16 18 20 24 28 32
1 1.15 1.50 2.14 2.46 2.72 2.81 2.92 3.07 3.22 3.49
1.1 1.12 1.42 1.99 2.32 2.60 2.70 2.80 2.94 3.07 3.34
1.2 1.10 1.35 1.85 2.20 2.48 2.59 2.69 2.81 2.94 3.20 3.32 3.44
1.3 1.08 1.29 1.74 2.09 2.38 2.48 2.58 2.69 2.81 3.07 3.19 3.30 3.53
1.4 1.07 1.24 1.64 1.99 2.27 2.38 2.47 2.58 2.69 2.95 3.06 3.17 3.37 3.50 3.79
1.5 1.05 1.19 1.56 1.89 2.18 2.28 2.37 2.47 2.58 2.83 2.94 3.05 3.22 3.35 3.61
1.6 1.04 1.16 1.49 1.81 2.09 2.19 2.28 2.37 2.47 2.73 2.83 2.94 3.09 3.21 3.45 3.67 3.77
1.7 1.03 1.13 1.43 1.73 2.00 2.10 2.19 2.28 2.38 2.62 2.73 2.83 2.96 3.07 3.30 3.51 3.63
1.8 1.02 1.11 1.37 1.66 1.92 2.02 2.11 2.19 2.29 2.53 2.63 2.73 2.85 2.95 3.17 3.37 3.49
1.9 1.02 1.09 1.33 1.60 1.85 1.94 2.03 2.11 2.20 2.44 2.54 2.64 2.74 2.84 3.04 3.24 3.36
2 1.01 1.08 1.29 1.54 1.78 1.87 1.95 2.03 2.12 2.35 2.45 2.55 2.65 2.74 2.93 3.12 3.24
2.1 1.01 1.07 1.26 1.48 1.72 1.80 1.89 1.96 2.05 2.27 2.37 2.47 2.56 2.65 2.83 3.00 3.13
2.2 1.00 1.07 1.23 1.44 1.65 1.74 1.82 1.90 1.98 2.20 2.30 2.39 2.47 2.56 2.74 2.90 3.03
2.3 1.00 1.06 1.21 1.39 1.60 1.68 1.76 1.83 1.91 2.13 2.22 2.32 2.40 2.48 2.65 2.81 2.93
2.4 1.00 1.06 1.18 1.35 1.55 1.62 1.70 1.77 1.85 2.06 2.16 2.25 2.32 2.41 2.57 2.72 2.84
2.5 1.00 1.05 1.17 1.32 1.50 1.57 1.65 1.72 1.80 2.00 2.09 2.19 2.26 2.34 2.50 2.64 2.76
2.6 1.00 1.05 1.15 1.29 1.45 1.52 1.60 1.67 1.74 1.94 2.03 2.13 2.19 2.27 2.43 2.57 2.68
2.7 1.00 1.04 1.13 1.26 1.41 1.48 1.56 1.62 1.69 1.88 1.97 2.07 2.14 2.21 2.37 2.50 2.61
2.8 1.00 1.04 1.12 1.23 1.37 1.44 1.52 1.58 1.65 1.83 1.92 2.02 2.08 2.16 2.31 2.43 2.54
2.9 1.00 1.03 1.11 1.21 1.34 1.40 1.48 1.54 1.61 1.78 1.87 1.97 2.03 2.10 2.25 2.37 2.48
3 1.00 1.02 1.10 1.19 1.31 1.37 1.44 1.50 1.56 1.73 1.82 1.92 1.98 2.05 2.20 2.31 2.41
3.1 1.00 1.01 1.09 1.17 1.28 1.34 1.41 1.47 1.53 1.68 1.77 1.87 1.94 2.01 2.15 2.26 2.36
3.2 1.00 1.00 1.08 1.15 1.25 1.31 1.38 1.43 1.49 1.64 1.73 1.83 1.89 1.96 2.10 2.21 2.30
3.3 1.00 1.00 1.07 1.13 1.23 1.28 1.35 1.40 1.46 1.60 1.69 1.79 1.85 1.92 2.05 2.16 2.25
3.4 1.00 1.00 1.06 1.12 1.20 1.26 1.32 1.37 1.43 1.56 1.65 1.75 1.81 1.87 2.01 2.11 2.20
3.5 1.00 1.00 1.05 1.10 1.18 1.24 1.30 1.35 1.40 1.53 1.61 1.71 1.77 1.83 1.96 2.07 2.15
3.6 1.00 1.00 1.05 1.09 1.17 1.22 1.28 1.32 1.37 1.49 1.58 1.68 1.73 1.79 1.92 2.02 2.10
3.7 1.00 1.00 1.04 1.08 1.15 1.20 1.26 1.30 1.35 1.46 1.54 1.64 1.70 1.76 1.87 1.98 2.06
3.8 1.00 1.00 1.04 1.07 1.14 1.18 1.24 1.28 1.32 1.43 1.51 1.61 1.66 1.72 1.83 1.94 2.01
3.9 1.00 1.00 1.03 1.06 1.12 1.17 1.22 1.25 1.30 1.40 1.48 1.58 1.63 1.68 1.79 1.90 1.97
4 1.00 1.00 1.02 1.05 1.11 1.15 1.20 1.24 1.28 1.37 1.45 1.55 1.60 1.65 1.75 1.86 1.93
4.1 1.00 1.00 1.01 1.04 1.10 1.14 1.18 1.22 1.26 1.35 1.42 1.52 1.57 1.62 1.71 1.82 1.89
4.2 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.03 1.09 1.13 1.17 1.20 1.24 1.32 1.39 1.49 1.54 1.58 1.68 1.78 1.85
4.3 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.02 1.08 1.12 1.15 1.18 1.22 1.30 1.37 1.46 1.51 1.55 1.64 1.75 1.82
4.4 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.01 1.07 1.10 1.14 1.17 1.21 1.28 1.35 1.44 1.48 1.52 1.60 1.71 1.78
4.5 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.06 1.09 1.13 1.15 1.19 1.26 1.32 1.41 1.45 1.49 1.57 1.67 1.75
4.6 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.05 1.08 1.11 1.14 1.18 1.24 1.30 1.39 1.42 1.46 1.54 1.64 1.71
4.7 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.04 1.07 1.10 1.13 1.16 1.22 1.28 1.36 1.40 1.43 1.50 1.60 1.68
4.8 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.03 1.06 1.09 1.11 1.15 1.21 1.26 1.34 1.37 1.40 1.47 1.57 1.65
4.9 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.02 1.05 1.08 1.10 1.13 1.19 1.24 1.32 1.35 1.37 1.44 1.54 1.62
5 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.01 1.04 1.07 1.09 1.12 1.18 1.23 1.30 1.32 1.35 1.41 1.51 1.59
5.1 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.03 1.06 1.08 1.11 1.17 1.21 1.28 1.30 1.32 1.39 1.48 1.56
5.2 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.02 1.05 1.07 1.10 1.15 1.20 1.26 1.28 1.30 1.36 1.45 1.53
5.3 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.01 1.04 1.06 1.09 1.14 1.18 1.24 1.26 1.28 1.34 1.42 1.50
5.4 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.03 1.05 1.08 1.13 1.17 1.22 1.24 1.25 1.32 1.39 1.48
--`,,`,,,,`,``,,,,,,`,,,-`-``,```,,,`---
5.5 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.02 1.04 1.07 1.12 1.16 1.21 1.22 1.23 1.30 1.37 1.45
5.6 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.01 1.03 1.06 1.11 1.15 1.19 1.20 1.22 1.28 1.34 1.43
5.7 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.02 1.05 1.10 1.14 1.18 1.19 1.20 1.26 1.32 1.41
5.8 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.01 1.04 1.09 1.13 1.16 1.17 1.18 1.25 1.30 1.38
5.9 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.03 1.08 1.12 1.15 1.16 1.17 1.23 1.28 1.36
6 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.02 1.07 1.11 1.13 1.14 1.15 1.22 1.26 1.34
6.1 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.01 1.06 1.10 1.12 1.13 1.14 1.21 1.24 1.32
6.2 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.05 1.09 1.11 1.12 1.13 1.20 1.22 1.30
6.3 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.04 1.08 1.10 1.11 1.12 1.19 1.21 1.28
6.4 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.03 1.07 1.09 1.10 1.11 1.18 1.20 1.26
6.5 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.02 1.06 1.08 1.09 1.10 1.17 1.18 1.25
6.6 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.05 1.07 1.08 1.09 1.15 1.17 1.23
6.7 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.04 1.06 1.07 1.08 1.14 1.16 1.21
6.8 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.03 1.05 1.06 1.07 1.12 1.15 1.19
6.9 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.02 1.04 1.05 1.06 1.11 1.14 1.17
7 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.03 1.04 1.05 1.08 1.13 1.15

A255 − 20a
TABLE 3 Distance Hardness Dividing Factors for Non-Boron Steels, mm
Ideal Jominy End-Quench Distance (mm)
Diameter
(DI), mm 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50
25 1.13 1.62 2.11 2.62 2.82 2.96 3.15 3.52
27.5 1.11 1.54 1.99 2.50 2.70 2.84 3.01 3.37
30 1.09 1.47 1.88 2.38 2.58 2.72 2.89 3.24 3.48
32.5 1.07 1.41 1.78 2.27 2.48 2.61 2.76 3.11 3.34 3.58
35 1.06 1.35 1.69 2.17 2.37 2.51 2.65 2.99 3.20 3.43
37.5 1.05 1.30 1.61 2.07 2.28 2.41 2.54 2.88 3.08 3.28 3.52
40 1.04 1.26 1.54 1.99 2.19 2.31 2.44 2.77 2.96 3.15 3.37 3.56
42.5 1.03 1.22 1.48 1.91 2.10 2.22 2.35 2.67 2.85 3.03 3.23 3.41 3.55
45 1.02 1.19 1.42 1.83 2.02 2.14 2.26 2.57 2.75 2.92 3.10 3.27 3.41 3.54
47.5 1.02 1.16 1.37 1.76 1.95 2.06 2.17 2.48 2.66 2.81 2.98 3.14 3.28 3.41
50 1.01 1.13 1.33 1.70 1.87 1.99 2.10 2.40 2.57 2.71 2.87 3.03 3.16 3.29
52.5 1.01 1.11 1.29 1.64 1.81 1.92 2.02 2.32 2.48 2.62 2.77 2.92 3.05 3.18
55 1.00 1.10 1.26 1.58 1.75 1.85 1.95 2.24 2.40 2.54 2.68 2.82 2.95 3.07
57.5 1.00 1.08 1.23 1.53 1.69 1.79 1.89 2.17 2.33 2.46 2.60 2.73 2.85 2.97
60 1.00 1.07 1.21 1.48 1.63 1.74 1.83 2.10 2.26 2.39 2.52 2.65 2.76 2.88
62.5 1.00 1.06 1.18 1.44 1.58 1.68 1.77 2.04 2.19 2.32 2.45 2.57 2.68 2.79
65 1.00 1.05 1.16 1.40 1.54 1.63 1.72 1.98 2.13 2.26 2.38 2.50 2.60 2.70
67.5 1.00 1.04 1.15 1.36 1.49 1.59 1.67 1.92 2.08 2.20 2.32 2.43 2.53 2.62
70 1.00 1.04 1.13 1.33 1.45 1.54 1.63 1.87 2.02 2.14 2.26 2.37 2.46 2.55
72.5 1.00 1.03 1.12 1.30 1.41 1.50 1.58 1.82 1.97 2.09 2.20 2.31 2.40 2.48
75 1.00 1.03 1.11 1.27 1.38 1.46 1.54 1.77 1.92 2.04 2.15 2.25 2.34 2.41
77.5 1.00 1.03 1.10 1.24 1.35 1.43 1.51 1.72 1.87 1.99 2.10 2.20 2.28 2.35
80 1.00 1.02 1.09 1.22 1.32 1.40 1.47 1.68 1.83 1.95 2.06 2.15 2.22 2.29
82.5 1.00 1.02 1.08 1.20 1.29 1.37 1.44 1.64 1.79 1.90 2.01 2.10 2.17 2.23
85 1.00 1.02 1.07 1.18 1.26 1.34 1.41 1.60 1.75 1.86 1.97 2.05 2.12 2.17
87.5 1.00 1.02 1.07 1.16 1.24 1.31 1.38 1.57 1.71 1.82 1.92 2.01 2.07 2.12
90 1.00 1.02 1.06 1.14 1.22 1.29 1.35 1.53 1.67 1.78 1.88 1.96 2.03 2.07
92.5 1.00 1.01 1.05 1.13 1.20 1.27 1.33 1.50 1.64 1.75 1.84 1.92 1.98 2.02
95 1.00 1.01 1.05 1.11 1.18 1.24 1.31 1.47 1.60 1.71 1.81 1.88 1.94 1.98
97.5 1.00 1.01 1.04 1.10 1.16 1.22 1.28 1.44 1.57 1.67 1.77 1.84 1.90 1.93
100 1.00 1.01 1.04 1.09 1.15 1.21 1.26 1.41 1.54 1.64 1.73 1.80 1.86 1.89
102.5 1.00 1.01 1.03 1.08 1.13 1.19 1.24 1.39 1.51 1.61 1.70 1.76 1.82 1.85
105 1.00 1.01 1.03 1.07 1.12 1.17 1.23 1.36 1.48 1.58 1.66 1.73 1.78 1.81
107.5 1.00 1.00 1.02 1.06 1.11 1.16 1.21 1.34 1.46 1.55 1.63 1.69 1.74 1.77
110 1.00 1.00 1.02 1.05 1.10 1.15 1.19 1.32 1.43 1.51 1.59 1.65 1.71 1.73
112.5 1.00 1.00 1.02 1.04 1.08 1.13 1.18 1.29 1.41 1.49 1.56 1.62 1.67 1.70
115 1.00 1.00 1.01 1.04 1.07 1.12 1.16 1.27 1.38 1.46 1.53 1.59 1.64 1.67
117.5 1.00 1.00 1.01 1.03 1.07 1.11 1.15 1.26 1.36 1.43 1.50 1.55 1.61 1.63
120 1.00 1.00 1.01 1.03 1.06 1.10 1.14 1.24 1.34 1.40 1.47 1.52 1.58 1.60
122.5 1.00 1.00 1.01 1.02 1.05 1.09 1.12 1.22 1.31 1.38 1.44 1.49 1.55 1.57
125 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.02 1.04 1.08 1.11 1.21 1.29 1.35 1.41 1.46 1.52 1.54
127.5 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.01 1.04 1.07 1.10 1.19 1.27 1.33 1.39 1.43 1.49 1.52
130 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.01 1.03 1.06 1.09 1.18 1.25 1.31 1.36 1.41 1.46 1.49
132.5 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.01 1.02 1.05 1.08 1.16 1.24 1.28 1.34 1.38 1.44 1.47
135 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.01 1.02 1.04 1.07 1.15 1.22 1.26 1.32 1.36 1.42 1.44
137.5 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.01 1.04 1.06 1.14 1.20 1.24 1.30 1.34 1.39 1.42
140 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.01 1.03 1.05 1.13 1.19 1.22 1.28 1.32 1.37 1.40
142.5 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.02 1.04 1.12 1.17 1.21 1.26 1.30 1.35 1.38
145 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.02 1.03 1.11 1.16 1.19 1.24 1.28 1.33 1.36
147.5 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.01 1.03 1.10 1.14 1.17 1.23 1.26 1.32 1.34
150 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.02 1.09 1.13 1.16 1.21 1.25 1.30 1.33
152.5 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.01 1.08 1.12 1.15 1.20 1.23 1.29 1.31
155 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.01 1.07 1.10 1.13 1.19 1.22 1.27 1.30
--`,,`,,,,`,``,,,,,,`,,,-`-``,```,,,`---
157.5 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.06 1.09 1.12 1.18 1.21 1.26 1.28
160 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.05 1.08 1.11 1.17 1.20 1.24 1.27
162.5 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.05 1.07 1.10 1.16 1.19 1.23 1.26
165 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.04 1.06 1.09 1.15 1.17 1.22 1.25
167.5 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.03 1.05 1.08 1.14 1.16 1.21 1.24
170 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.02 1.04 1.07 1.13 1.15 1.20 1.23
172.5 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.01 1.03 1.06 1.12 1.14 1.18 1.22
175 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.02 1.05 1.11 1.12 1.17 1.21
177.5 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.01 1.04 1.10 1.10 1.15 1.20

A255 − 20a
TABLE 4 Distance Hardness Dividing Factors for Boron Steels, in.
Ideal Jominy End-Quench Distance (1⁄16 in.)
Diameter
(DI), in. 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 12 14 16 18 20 24 28 32
1.5 1.10 1.14 1.88 2.52 2.91 3.23
1.6 1.08 1.12 1.65 2.20 2.70 3.02
1.7 1.07 1.10 1.47 1.95 2.50 2.82 2.99
1.8 1.06 1.09 1.34 1.74 2.31 2.63 2.83 3.00
1.9 1.05 1.08 1.25 1.58 2.13 2.45 2.67 2.84 3.08
2 1.04 1.07 1.19 1.46 1.97 2.28 2.51 2.68 2.88 3.33
2.1 1.03 1.06 1.14 1.36 1.83 2.12 2.36 2.53 2.70 3.15 3.69
2.2 1.02 1.05 1.11 1.29 1.70 1.98 2.21 2.38 2.53 2.98 3.48 3.86
2.3 1.02 1.04 1.09 1.24 1.58 1.84 2.08 2.24 2.38 2.82 3.29 3.65
2.4 1.02 1.04 1.08 1.20 1.48 1.72 1.95 2.11 2.24 2.67 3.11 3.45 3.63
2.5 1.01 1.03 1.07 1.17 1.40 1.61 1.83 1.99 2.12 2.54 2.95 3.27 3.45 3.62 4.05
2.6 1.00 1.03 1.06 1.15 1.32 1.52 1.72 1.87 2.00 2.41 2.79 3.09 3.28 3.46 3.86 4.23
2.7 1.00 1.03 1.05 1.14 1.26 1.43 1.62 1.77 1.90 2.29 2.65 2.93 3.12 3.30 3.67 4.00
2.8 1.00 1.02 1.05 1.13 1.21 1.36 1.53 1.67 1.80 2.18 2.52 2.78 2.97 3.15 3.50 3.78 4.27
2.9 1.00 1.01 1.04 1.12 1.17 1.30 1.44 1.59 1.72 2.08 2.40 2.65 2.83 3.01 3.34 3.59 4.01
3 1.00 1.00 1.04 1.11 1.13 1.25 1.37 1.51 1.64 1.99 2.29 2.52 2.70 2.88 3.19 3.41 3.78
3.1 1.00 1.00 1.03 1.10 1.11 1.20 1.31 1.44 1.57 1.90 2.19 2.40 2.57 2.75 3.04 3.25 3.57
3.2 1.00 1.00 1.03 1.09 1.09 1.17 1.26 1.38 1.50 1.82 2.09 2.29 2.46 2.63 2.91 3.10 3.39
3.3 1.00 1.00 1.02 1.08 1.08 1.14 1.21 1.33 1.45 1.75 2.01 2.19 2.35 2.51 2.78 2.97 3.22
3.4 1.00 1.00 1.02 1.07 1.07 1.11 1.17 1.28 1.40 1.68 1.93 2.10 2.25 2.40 2.66 2.84 3.07
3.5 1.00 1.00 1.01 1.06 1.06 1.10 1.14 1.24 1.35 1.62 1.85 2.01 2.16 2.30 2.55 2.73 2.94
3.6 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.05 1.06 1.08 1.12 1.21 1.31 1.56 1.78 1.93 2.07 2.21 2.45 2.63 2.82
3.7 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.04 1.06 1.08 1.10 1.18 1.27 1.51 1.72 1.86 1.99 2.12 2.35 2.53 2.71
3.8 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.04 1.06 1.07 1.09 1.16 1.24 1.46 1.66 1.80 1.92 2.04 2.26 2.44 2.61
3.9 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.03 1.05 1.06 1.08 1.14 1.21 1.42 1.60 1.74 1.85 1.96 2.18 2.36 2.52
4 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.02 1.05 1.06 1.07 1.13 1.19 1.38 1.55 1.68 1.79 1.89 2.11 2.29 2.44
4.1 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.02 1.05 1.06 1.07 1.12 1.17 1.35 1.50 1.63 1.73 1.82 2.03 2.22 2.37
4.2 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.01 1.04 1.06 1.06 1.11 1.15 1.31 1.46 1.58 1.68 1.76 1.97 2.15 2.30
4.3 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.01 1.03 1.05 1.06 1.10 1.13 1.28 1.42 1.54 1.63 1.71 1.91 2.09 2.23
4.4 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.01 1.03 1.05 1.06 1.09 1.11 1.25 1.38 1.50 1.58 1.66 1.85 2.03 2.17
4.5 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.02 1.04 1.06 1.09 1.10 1.23 1.35 1.47 1.54 1.61 1.80 1.98 2.11
4.6 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.01 1.04 1.06 1.08 1.09 1.21 1.32 1.43 1.51 1.57 1.75 1.93 2.06
4.7 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.01 1.03 1.05 1.08 1.08 1.19 1.29 1.40 1.47 1.53 1.71 1.88 2.01
4.8 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.01 1.03 1.05 1.07 1.07 1.17 1.26 1.37 1.44 1.50 1.67 1.83 1.96
4.9 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.02 1.02 1.04 1.06 1.06 1.15 1.24 1.35 1.41 1.47 1.63 1.79 1.91
5 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.02 1.04 1.06 1.06 1.14 1.21 1.32 1.38 1.44 1.59 1.75 1.87
5.1 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.02 1.03 1.05 1.05 1.12 1.19 1.30 1.36 1.41 1.56 1.71 1.82
5.2 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.02 1.02 1.04 1.05 1.11 1.17 1.28 1.33 1.39 1.52 1.67 1.78
5.3 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.02 1.03 1.04 1.10 1.16 1.26 1.31 1.36 1.49 1.64 1.74
5.4 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.01 1.03 1.04 1.09 1.14 1.24 1.29 1.34 1.46 1.60 1.70
--`,,`,,,,`,``,,,,,,`,,,-`-``,```,,,`---
5.5 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.01 1.02 1.04 1.08 1.13 1.22 1.27 1.32 1.44 1.57 1.67
5.6 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.01 1.02 1.03 1.07 1.12 1.20 1.25 1.30 1.41 1.54 1.63
5.7 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.02 1.03 1.06 1.11 1.19 1.23 1.28 1.38 1.51 1.60
5.8 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.02 1.02 1.05 1.10 1.17 1.22 1.26 1.36 1.48 1.56
5.9 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.02 1.04 1.09 1.16 1.20 1.24 1.33 1.46 1.53
6 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.01 1.04 1.08 1.14 1.18 1.23 1.31 1.43 1.50
6.1 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.01 1.03 1.07 1.13 1.17 1.21 1.28 1.41 1.47
6.2 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.02 1.07 1.12 1.15 1.19 1.26 1.38 1.44
6.3 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.02 1.06 1.10 1.14 1.17 1.23 1.35 1.41
6.4 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.01 1.05 1.09 1.12 1.15 1.21 1.33 1.38
6.5 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.01 1.04 1.08 1.11 1.13 1.18 1.30 1.35
6.6 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.03 1.07 1.09 1.12 1.16 1.27 1.32
6.7 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.02 1.06 1.08 1.10 1.14 1.25 1.29
6.8 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.01 1.05 1.07 1.08 1.11 1.21 1.25
6.9 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.05 1.06 1.07 1.09 1.18 1.21
7 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.04 1.05 1.05 1.07 1.14 1.17

A255 − 20a
TABLE 5 Distance Hardness Dividing Factors for Boron Steels, mm
Ideal Jominy End-Quench Distance (mm)
Diameter
(DI), mm 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50
40 1.07 1.25 1.92 2.56
42.5 1.06 1.21 1.73 2.34
45 1.05 1.18 1.57 2.14 2.64
47.5 1.04 1.14 1.45 1.97 2.44
50 1.03 1.12 1.35 1.83 2.26 2.57
52.5 1.03 1.09 1.28 1.70 2.10 2.40
55 1.03 1.08 1.22 1.59 1.96 2.24 2.52
57.5 1.02 1.06 1.17 1.49 1.83 2.10 2.37
60 1.02 1.05 1.14 1.41 1.71 1.97 2.23
62.5 1.01 1.04 1.11 1.35 1.61 1.86 2.10
65 1.01 1.03 1.09 1.29 1.53 1.75 1.99 2.56
67.5 1.00 1.03 1.08 1.24 1.45 1.66 1.88 2.43
70 1.00 1.02 1.07 1.20 1.38 1.57 1.78 2.32
72.5 1.00 1.02 1.06 1.17 1.32 1.50 1.70 2.21
75 1.00 1.01 1.06 1.14 1.27 1.43 1.62 2.11 2.53
77.5 1.00 1.01 1.05 1.12 1.23 1.37 1.55 2.01 2.42 2.71
80 1.00 1.00 1.05 1.11 1.19 1.32 1.48 1.93 2.31 2.59 2.82
82.5 1.00 1.00 1.05 1.10 1.16 1.27 1.43 1.85 2.21 2.47 2.70 2.89 3.06 3.26
85 1.00 1.00 1.04 1.09 1.13 1.23 1.38 1.78 2.11 2.37 2.59 2.77 2.92 3.11
87.5 1.00 1.00 1.04 1.08 1.11 1.20 1.33 1.71 2.03 2.27 2.48 2.66 2.80 2.98
90 1.00 1.00 1.03 1.07 1.09 1.17 1.29 1.65 1.95 2.18 2.38 2.55 2.69 2.86
92.5 1.00 1.00 1.03 1.07 1.08 1.15 1.26 1.59 1.87 2.09 2.29 2.46 2.59 2.75
95 1.00 1.00 1.02 1.06 1.07 1.13 1.23 1.54 1.81 2.01 2.20 2.37 2.50 2.65
97.5 1.00 1.00 1.01 1.06 1.06 1.11 1.20 1.49 1.74 1.94 2.12 2.28 2.42 2.56
100 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.06 1.05 1.09 1.18 1.45 1.69 1.87 2.05 2.21 2.34 2.48
102.5 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.05 1.04 1.08 1.16 1.41 1.63 1.81 1.98 2.13 2.27 2.41
105 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.05 1.04 1.07 1.14 1.37 1.58 1.75 1.91 2.07 2.21 2.34
107.5 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.05 1.04 1.06 1.13 1.34 1.54 1.70 1.86 2.01 2.15 2.27
110 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.04 1.03 1.06 1.12 1.31 1.50 1.65 1.80 1.95 2.09 2.21
112.5 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.04 1.03 1.05 1.11 1.28 1.46 1.61 1.75 1.89 2.03 2.16
115 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.03 1.03 1.05 1.10 1.25 1.43 1.56 1.70 1.84 1.98 2.10
117.5 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.03 1.03 1.05 1.09 1.23 1.39 1.53 1.66 1.80 1.93 2.05
120 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.03 1.03 1.04 1.08 1.21 1.36 1.49 1.62 1.75 1.88 2.01
122.5 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.02 1.02 1.04 1.08 1.19 1.34 1.46 1.58 1.71 1.84 1.96
125 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.02 1.02 1.04 1.07 1.17 1.31 1.43 1.55 1.67 1.80 1.91
127.5 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.01 1.02 1.04 1.07 1.15 1.29 1.40 1.52 1.64 1.75 1.87
130 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.01 1.02 1.03 1.06 1.14 1.27 1.38 1.49 1.60 1.72 1.83
132.5 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.02 1.03 1.05 1.13 1.25 1.35 1.46 1.57 1.68 1.79
135 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.02 1.03 1.05 1.11 1.23 1.33 1.44 1.54 1.64 1.75
137.5 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.01 1.02 1.04 1.10 1.21 1.31 1.41 1.51 1.61 1.72
140 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.01 1.02 1.04 1.09 1.19 1.29 1.39 1.48 1.58 1.68
142.5 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.01 1.02 1.03 1.08 1.18 1.27 1.37 1.45 1.55 1.65
145 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.01 1.01 1.03 1.07 1.16 1.25 1.34 1.43 1.52 1.62
147.5 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.01 1.02 1.06 1.15 1.24 1.32 1.41 1.49 1.59
150 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.01 1.02 1.05 1.14 1.22 1.30 1.38 1.47 1.56
152.5 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.02 1.05 1.12 1.20 1.28 1.36 1.44 1.53
155 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.01 1.04 1.11 1.18 1.26 1.34 1.42 1.51
157.5 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.01 1.03 1.10 1.17 1.24 1.31 1.40 1.48
160 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.03 1.09 1.15 1.22 1.29 1.37 1.45
162.5 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.02 1.07 1.13 1.20 1.27 1.35 1.43
165 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.02 1.06 1.12 1.18 1.25 1.33 1.40
167.5 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.01 1.05 1.10 1.16 1.22 1.30 1.37
170 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.04 1.08 1.14 1.20 1.27 1.33
172.5 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.03 1.07 1.12 1.17 1.23 1.29
175 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.02 1.05 1.10 1.14 1.19 1.25
177.5 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.01 1.04 1.08 1.11 1.14 1.20
--`,,`,,,,`,``,,,,,,`,,,-`-``,```,,,`---

10
Order Number: 02370568
A255 − 20a
TABLE 6 Multiplying Factors, in.
Carbon-
%
Grain Mn Si Ni Cr Mo Cu V Zr
Alloy
Size 7
0.01 0.005 1.033 1.007 1.004 1.022 1.03 1.00 1.02 1.02
0.02 0.011 1.067 1.014 1.007 1.043 1.06 1.01 1.03 1.05
0.03 0.016 1.100 1.021 1.011 1.065 1.09 1.01 1.05 1.07
0.04 0.022 1.133 1.028 1.015 1.086 1.12 1.01 1.07 1.10
0.05 0.027 1.167 1.035 1.018 1.108 1.15 1.02 1.09 1.12
0.06 0.032 1.200 1.042 1.022 1.130 1.18 1.02 1.10 1.15
0.07 0.038 1.233 1.049 1.025 1.151 1.21 1.03 1.12 1.17
0.08 0.043 1.267 1.056 1.029 1.173 1.24 1.03 1.14 1.20
0.09 0.049 1.300 1.063 1.033 1.194 1.27 1.03 1.16 1.22
0.10 0.054 1.333 1.070 1.036 1.216 1.30 1.04 1.17 1.25
0.11 0.059 1.367 1.077 1.040 1.238 1.33 1.04 1.19 1.27
0.12 0.065 1.400 1.084 1.044 1.259 1.36 1.04 1.21 1.30
0.13 0.070 1.433 1.091 1.047 1.281 1.39 1.05 1.22 1.32
0.14 0.076 1.467 1.098 1.051 1.302 1.42 1.05 1.24 1.35
--`,,`,,,,`,``,,,,,,`,,,-`-``,```,,,`---
0.15 0.081 1.500 1.105 1.054 1.324 1.45 1.05 1.26 1.37
0.16 0.086 1.533 1.112 1.058 1.346 1.48 1.06 1.28 1.40
0.17 0.092 1.567 1.119 1.062 1.367 1.51 1.06 1.29 1.42
0.18 0.097 1.600 1.126 1.065 1.389 1.54 1.07 1.31 1.45
0.19 0.103 1.633 1.133 1.069 1.410 1.57 1.07 1.33 1.47
0.20 0.108 1.667 1.140 1.073 1.432 1.60 1.07 1.35 1.50
0.21 0.113 1.700 1.147 1.076 1.454 1.63 1.08 ... 1.52
0.22 0.119 1.733 1.154 1.080 1.475 1.66 1.08 ... 1.55
0.23 0.124 1.767 1.161 1.083 1.497 1.69 1.08 ... 1.57
0.24 0.130 1.800 1.168 1.087 1.518 1.72 1.09 ... 1.60
0.25 0.135 1.833 1.175 1.091 1.540 1.75 1.09 ... 1.62
0.26 0.140 1.867 1.182 1.094 1.562 1.78 1.09 ...
0.27 0.146 1.900 1.189 1.098 1.583 1.81 1.10 ... ...
0.28 0.151 1.933 1.196 1.102 1.605 1.84 1.10 ... ...
0.29 0.157 1.967 1.203 1.105 1.626 1.87 1.11 ... ...
0.30 0.162 2.000 1.210 1.109 1.648 1.90 1.11 ... ...
0.31 0.167 2.033 1.217 1.113 1.670 1.93 1.11 ... ...
0.32 0.173 2.067 1.224 1.117 1.691 1.96 1.12 ... ...
0.33 0.178 2.100 1.231 1.120 1.713 1.99 1.12 ... ...
0.34 0.184 2.133 1.238 1.123 1.734 2.02 1.12 ... ...
0.35 0.189 2.167 1.245 1.127 1.756 2.05 1.13 ... ...
0.36 0.194 2.200 1.252 1.131 1.778 2.08 1.13 ... ...
0.37 0.200 2.233 1.259 1.134 1.799 2.11 1.14 ... ...
0.38 0.205 2.267 1.266 1.138 1.821 2.14 1.14 ... ...
0.39 0.211 2.300 1.273 1.142 1.842 2.17 1.14 ... ...
0.40 0.214 2.333 1.280 1.145 1.864 2.20 1.15 ... ...
0.41 0.216 2.367 1.287 1.149 1.886 2.23 1.15 ... ...
0.42 0.218 2.400 1.294 1.152 1.907 2.26 1.15 ... ...
0.43 0.220 2.433 1.301 1.156 1.929 2.29 1.16 ... ...
0.44 0.223 2.467 1.308 1.160 1.950 2.32 1.16 ... ...
0.45 0.225 2.500 1.315 1.163 1.972 2.35 1.16 ... ...
0.46 0.228 2.533 1.322 1.167 1.994 2.38 1.17 ... ...
0.47 0.230 2.567 1.329 1.171 2.015 2.41 1.17 ... ...
0.48 0.233 2.600 1.336 1.174 2.037 2.44 1.18 ... ...
0.49 0.235 2.633 1.343 1.178 2.058 2.47 1.18 ... ...
0.50 0.238 2.667 1.350 1.182 2.080 2.50 1.18 ... ...
0.51 0.240 2.700 1.357 1.185 2.102 2.53 1.19 ... ...
0.52 0.243 2.733 1.364 1.189 2.123 2.56 1.19 ... ...
0.53 0.246 2.767 1.371 1.192 2.145 2.59 1.19 ... ...
0.54 0.249 2.800 1.378 1.196 2.166 2.62 1.20 ... ...
0.55 0.252 2.833 1.385 1.200 2.188 2.65 1.20 ... ...
0.56 0.253 2.867 1.392 1.203 2.210 ... ... ... ...
0.57 0.255 2.900 1.399 1.207 2.231 ... ... ... ...
0.58 0.258 2.933 1.406 1.211 2.253 ... ... ... ...
0.59 0.260 2.967 1.413 1.214 2.274 ... ... ... ...
0.60 0.262 3.000 1.420 1.218 2.296 ... ... ... ...
0.61 0.264 3.033 1.427 1.221 2.318 ... ... ... ...
0.62 0.267 3.067 1.434 1.225 2.339 ... ... ... ...

A255 − 20a
TABLE 6 Continued
Carbon-
%
Alloy
Size 7
0.63 0.269 3.100 1.441 1.229 2.361 ... ... ... ...
0.64 0.271 3.133 1.448 1.232 2.382 ... ... ... ...
0.65 0.273 3.167 1.455 1.236 2.404 ... ... ... ...
0.66 0.275 3.200 1.462 1.240 2.426 ... ... ... ...
0.67 0.277 3.233 1.469 1.243 2.447 ... ... ... ...
0.68 0.279 3.267 1.476 1.247 2.469 ... ... ... ...
0.69 0.281 3.300 1.483 1.250 2.490 ... ... ... ...
0.70 0.283 3.333 1.490 1.254 2.512 ... ... ... ...
0.71 0.285 3.367 1.497 1.258 2.534 ... ... ... ...
0.72 0.287 3.400 1.504 1.261 2.555 ... ... ... ...
0.73 0.289 3.433 1.511 1.265 2.577 ... ... ... ...
0.74 0.291 3.467 1.518 1.269 2.598 ... ... ... ...
0.75 0.293 3.500 1.525 1.272 2.620 ... ... ... ...
0.76 0.295 3.533 1.532 1.276 2.642 ... ... ... ...
0.77 0.297 3.567 1.539 1.280 2.663 ... ... ... ...
--`,,`,,,,`,``,,,,,,`,,,-`-``,```,,,`---
0.78 0.299 3.600 1.546 1.283 2.685 ... ... ... ...
0.79 0.301 3.633 1.553 1.287 2.706 ... ... ... ...
0.80 0.303 3.667 1.560 1.290 2.728 ... ... ... ...
0.81 0.305 3.700 1.567 1.294 2.750 ... ... ... ...
0.82 0.307 3.733 1.574 1.298 2.771 ... ... ... ...
0.83 0.308 3.767 1.581 1.301 2.793 ... ... ... ...
0.84 0.310 3.800 1.588 1.305 2.814 ... ... ... ...
0.85 0.312 3.833 1.595 1.309 2.836 ... ... ... ...
0.86 0.314 3.867 1.602 1.312 2.858 ... ... ... ...
0.87 0.316 3.900 1.609 1.316 2.879 ... ... ... ...
0.88 0.318 3.933 1.616 1.319 2.901 ... ... ... ...
0.89 0.319 3.967 1.623 1.323 2.922 ... ... ... ...
0.90 0.321 4.000 1.630 1.327 2.944 ... ... ... ...
0.91 ... 4.033 1.637 1.330 2.966 ... ... ... ...
0.92 ... 4.067 1.644 1.334 2.987 ... ... ... ...
0.93 ... 4.100 1.651 1.338 3.009 ... ... ... ...
0.94 ... 4.133 1.658 1.341 3.030 ... ... ... ...
0.95 ... 4.167 1.665 1.345 3.052 ... ... ... ...
0.96 ... 4.200 1.672 1.348 3.074 ... ... ... ...
0.97 ... 4.233 1.679 1.352 3.095 ... ... ... ...
0.98 ... 4.267 1.686 1.356 3.117 ... ... ... ...
0.99 ... 4.300 1.693 1.359 3.138 ... ... ... ...
1.00 ... 4.333 1.700 1.363 3.160 ... ... ... ...
1.01 ... 4.367 1.707 1.367 3.182 ... ... ... ...
1.02 ... 4.400 1.714 1.370 3.203 ... ... ... ...
1.03 ... 4.433 1.721 1.374 3.225 ... ... ... ...
1.04 ... 4.467 1.728 1.378 3.246 ... ... ... ...
1.05 ... 4.500 1.735 1.381 3.268 ... ... ... ...
1.06 ... 4.533 1.742 1.385 3.290 ... ... ... ...
1.07 ... 4.567 1.749 1.388 3.311 ... ... ... ...
1.08 ... 4.600 1.756 1.392 3.333 ... ... ... ...
1.09 ... 4.633 1.763 1.396 3.354 ... ... ... ...
1.10 ... 4.667 1.770 1.399 3.376 ... ... ... ...
1.11 ... 4.700 1.777 1.403 3.398 ... ... ... ...
1.12 ... 4.733 1.784 1.407 3.419 ... ... ... ...
1.13 ... 4.767 1.791 1.410 3.441 ... ... ... ...
1.14 ... 4.800 1.798 1.414 3.462 ... ... ... ...
1.15 ... 4.833 1.805 1.417 3.484 ... ... ... ...
1.16 ... 4.867 1.812 1.421 3.506 ... ... ... ...
1.17 ... 4.900 1.819 1.425 3.527 ... ... ... ...
1.18 ... 4.933 1.826 1.428 3.549 ... ... ... ...
1.19 ... 4.967 1.833 1.432 3.570 ... ... ... ...
1.20 ... 5.000 1.840 1.436 3.592 ... ... ... ...
1.21 ... 5.051 1.847 1.439 3.614 ... ... ... ...
1.22 ... 5.102 1.854 1.443 3.635 ... ... ... ...
1.23 ... 5.153 1.861 1.446 3.657 ... ... ... ...
1.24 ... 5.204 1.868 1.450 3.678 ... ... ... ...

12
A255 − 20a
TABLE 6 Continued
Carbon-
%
Alloy
Size 7
1.25 ... 5.255 1.875 1.454 3.700 ... ... ... ...
1.26 ... 5.306 1.882 1.457 3.722 ... ... ... ...
1.27 ... 5.357 1.889 1.461 3.743 ... ... ... ...
1.28 ... 5.408 1.896 1.465 3.765 ... ... ... ...
1.29 ... 5.459 1.903 1.468 3.786 ... ... ... ...
1.30 ... 5.510 1.910 1.472 3.808 ... ... ... ...
1.31 ... 5.561 1.917 1.476 3.830 ... ... ... ...
1.32 ... 5.612 1.924 1.479 3.851 ... ... ... ...
1.33 ... 5.663 1.931 1.483 3.873 ... ... ... ...
1.34 ... 5.714 1.938 1.486 3.894 ... ... ... ...
1.35 ... 5.765 1.945 1.490 3.916 ... ... ... ...
1.36 ... 5.816 1.952 1.494 3.938 ... ... ... ...
1.37 ... 5.867 1.959 1.497 3.959 ... ... ... ...
1.38 ... 5.918 1.966 1.501 3.981 ... ... ... ...
1.39 ... 5.969 1.973 1.505 4.002 ... ... ... ...
1.40 ... 6.020 1.980 1.508 4.024 ... ... ... ...
1.41 ... 6.071 1.987 1.512 4.046 ... ... ... ...
1.42 ... 6.122 1.994 1.515 4.067 ... ... ... ...
1.43 ... 6.173 2.001 1.519 4.089 ... ... ... ...
1.44 ... 6.224 2.008 1.523 4.110 ... ... ... ...
1.45 ... 6.275 2.015 1.526 4.132 ... ... ... ...
1.46 ... 6.326 2.022 1.530 4.154 ... ... ... ...
1.47 ... 6.377 2.029 1.534 4.175 ... ... ... ...
1.48 ... 6.428 2.036 1.537 4.197 ... ... ... ...
1.49 ... 6.479 2.043 1.541 4.218 ... ... ... ...
1.50 ... 6.530 2.050 1.545 4.240 ... ... ... ...
1.51 ... 6.581 2.057 1.547 4.262 ... ... ... ...
1.52 ... 6.632 2.064 1.552 4.283 ... ... ... ...
1.53 ... 6.683 2.071 1.556 4.305 ... ... ... ...
1.54 ... 6.734 2.078 1.561 4.326 ... ... ... ...
1.55 ... 6.785 2.085 1.565 4.348 ... ... ... ...
1.56 ... 6.836 2.092 1.570 4.370 ... ... ... ...
1.57 ... 6.887 2.099 1.574 4.391 ... ... ... ...
1.58 ... 6.938 2.106 1.579 4.413 ... ... ... ...
1.59 ... 6.989 2.113 1.583 4.434 ... ... ... ...
1.60 ... 7.040 2.120 1.588 4.456 ... ... ... ...
1.61 ... 7.091 2.127 1.593 4.478 ... ... ... ...
1.62 ... 7.142 2.134 1.597 4.499 ... ... ... ...
1.63 ... 7.193 2.141 1.602 4.521 ... ... ... ...
1.64 ... 7.244 2.148 1.606 4.542 ... ... ... ...
1.65 ... 7.295 2.155 1.611 4.564 ... ... ... ...
1.66 ... 7.346 2.162 1.615 4.586 ... ... ... ...
1.67 ... 7.397 2.169 1.620 4.607 ... ... ... ...
1.68 ... 7.448 2.176 1.624 4.629 ... ... ... ...
1.69 ... 7.499 2.183 1.629 4.650 ... ... ... ...
1.70 ... 7.550 2.190 1.633 4.672 ... ... ... ...
1.71 ... 7.601 2.197 1.638 4.694 ... ... ... ...
1.72 ... 7.652 2.204 1.643 4.715 ... ... ... ...
1.73 ... 7.703 2.211 1.647 4.737 ... ... ... ...
1.74 ... 7.754 2.218 1.652 4.759 ... ... ... ...
1.75 ... 7.805 2.225 1.656 4.780 ... ... ... ...
1.76 ... 7.856 2.232 1.661 4.802 ... ... ... ...
1.77 ... 7.907 2.239 1.666 4.823 ... ... ... ...
1.78 ... 7.958 2.246 1.670 4.845 ... ... ... ...
1.79 ... 8.009 2.253 1.675 4.866 ... ... ... ...
1.80 ... 8.060 2.260 1.679 4.888 ... ... ... ...
1.81 ... 8.111 2.267 1.684 4.910 ... ... ... ...
1.82 ... 8.162 2.274 1.689 4.931 ... ... ... ...
1.83 ... 8.213 2.281 1.693 4.953 ... ... ... ...
1.84 ... 8.264 2.288 1.698 4.974 ... ... ... ...
1.85 ... 8.315 2.295 1.703 4.996 ... ... ... ...
1.86 ... 8.366 2.302 1.708 5.018 ... ... ... ...
--`,,`,,,,`,``,,,,,,`,,,-`-``,```,,,`---

13
A255 − 20a
TABLE 6 Continued
Carbon-
%
Alloy
Size 7
1.87 ... 8.417 2.309 1.712 5.039 ... ... ... ...
1.88 ... 8.468 2.316 1.717 5.061 ... ... ... ...
1.89 ... 8.519 2.323 1.722 5.082 ... ... ... ...
1.90 ... 8.570 2.330 1.727 5.104 ... ... ... ...
1.91 ... 8.621 2.337 1.732 5.126 ... ... ... ...
1.92 ... 8.672 2.344 1.736 5.147 ... ... ... ...
1.93 ... 8.723 2.351 1.741 5.169 ... ... ... ...
1.94 ... 8.774 2.358 1.746 5.190 ... ... ... ...
1.95 ... 8.825 2.365 1.751 5.212 ... ... ... ...
1.96 ... ... 2.372 1.756 5.234 ... ... ... ...
1.97 ... ... 2.379 1.761 5.255 ... ... ... ...
1.98 ... ... 2.386 1.766 5.277 ... ... ... ...
1.99 ... ... 2.393 1.771 5.298 ... ... ... ...
2.00 ... ... 2.400 1.776 5.320 ... ... ... ...
2.01 ... ... ... 1.781 5.342 ... ... ... ...
2.02 ... ... ... 1.786 5.363 ... ... ... ...
2.03 ... ... ... 1.791 5.385 ... ... ... ...
2.04 ... ... ... 1.797 5.406 ... ... ... ...
2.05 ... ... ... 1.802 5.428 ... ... ... ...
2.06 ... ... ... 1.807 5.450 ... ... ... ...
2.07 ... ... ... 1.812 5.471 ... ... ... ...
2.08 ... ... ... 1.818 5.493 ... ... ... ...
2.09 ... ... ... 1.823 5.514 ... ... ... ...
2.10 ... ... ... 1.828 5.536 ... ... ... ...
2.11 ... ... ... 1.834 5.558 ... ... ... ...
2.12 ... ... ... 1.839 5.579 ... ... ... ...
2.13 ... ... ... 1.845 5.601 ... ... ... ...
2.14 ... ... ... 1.850 5.622 ... ... ... ...
2.15 ... ... ... 1.856 5.644 ... ... ... ...
2.16 ... ... ... 1.861 5.666 ... ... ... ...
2.17 ... ... ... 1.867 5.687 ... ... ... ...
2.18 ... ... ... 1.872 5.709 ... ... ... ...
2.19 ... ... ... 1.878 5.730 ... ... ... ...
2.20 ... ... ... 1.884 5.752 ... ... ... ...
2.21 ... ... ... 1.890 5.774 ... ... ... ...
2.22 ... ... ... 1.896 5.795 ... ... ... ...
2.23 ... ... ... 1.901 5.817 ... ... ... ...
2.24 ... ... ... 1.907 5.838 ... ... ... ...
2.25 ... ... ... 1.913 5.860 ... ... ... ...
2.26 ... ... ... 1.919 5.882 ... ... ... ...
2.27 ... ... ... 1.925 5.903 ... ... ... ...
2.28 ... ... ... 1.932 5.925 ... ... ... ...
2.29 ... ... ... 1.938 5.946 ... ... ... ...
2.30 ... ... ... 1.944 5.968 ... ... ... ...
2.31 ... ... ... 1.950 5.990 ... ... ... ...
2.32 ... ... ... 1.956 6.011 ... ... ... ...
2.33 ... ... ... 1.963 6.033 ... ... ... ...
2.34 ... ... ... 1.969 6.054 ... ... ... ...
2.35 ... ... ... 1.976 6.076 ... ... ... ...
2.36 ... ... ... 1.982 6.098 ... ... ... ...
2.37 ... ... ... 1.989 6.119 ... ... ... ...
2.38 ... ... ... 1.995 6.141 ... ... ... ...
2.39 ... ... ... 2.002 6.162 ... ... ... ...
2.40 ... ... ... 2.009 6.184 ... ... ... ...
2.41 ... ... ... 2.016 6.206 ... ... ... ...
2.42 ... ... ... 2.023 6.227 ... ... ... ...
2.43 ... ... ... 2.030 6.249 ... ... ... ...
2.44 ... ... ... 2.037 6.270 ... ... ... ...
2.45 ... ... ... 2.044 6.292 ... ... ... ...
2.46 ... ... ... 2.051 6.314 ... ... ... ...
2.47 ... ... ... 2.058 6.335 ... ... ... ...
--`,,`,,,,`,``,,,,,,`,,,-`-``,```,,,`---

14
A255 − 20a
TABLE 6 Continued
Carbon-
%
Alloy
Size 7
2.48 ... ... ... 2.065 6.357 ... ... ... ...
2.49 ... ... ... 2.072 6.378 ... ... ... ...
2.50 ... ... ... 2.080 6.400 ... ... ... ...
2.51 ... ... ... 2.087 ... ... ... ... ...
2.52 ... ... ... 2.095 ... ... ... ... ...
2.53 ... ... ... 2.102 ... ... ... ... ...
2.54 ... ... ... 2.110 ... ... ... ... ...
2.55 ... ... ... 2.118 ... ... ... ... ...
2.56 ... ... ... 2.125 ... ... ... ... ...
2.57 ... ... ... 2.133 ... ... ... ... ...
2.58 ... ... ... 2.141 ... ... ... ... ...
2.59 ... ... ... 2.149 ... ... ... ... ...
2.60 ... ... ... 2.157 ... ... ... ... ...
2.61 ... ... ... 2.165 ... ... ... ... ...
2.62 ... ... ... 2.174 ... ... ... ... ...
2.63 ... ... ... 2.182 ... ... ... ... ...
2.64 ... ... ... 2.190 ... ... ... ... ...
2.65 ... ... ... 2.199 ... ... ... ... ...
2.66 ... ... ... 2.207 ... ... ... ... ...
2.67 ... ... ... 2.216 ... ... ... ... ...
2.68 ... ... ... 2.224 ... ... ... ... ...
--`,,`,,,,`,``,,,,,,`,,,-`-``,```,,,`---
2.69 ... ... ... 2.233 ... ... ... ... ...
2.70 ... ... ... 2.242 ... ... ... ... ...
2.71 ... ... ... 2.251 ... ... ... ... ...
2.72 ... ... ... 2.260 ... ... ... ... ...
2.73 ... ... ... 2.269 ... ... ... ... ...
2.74 ... ... ... 2.278 ... ... ... ... ...
2.75 ... ... ... 2.287 ... ... ... ... ...
2.76 ... ... ... 2.297 ... ... ... ... ...
2.77 ... ... ... 2.306 ... ... ... ... ...
2.78 ... ... ... 2.315 ... ... ... ... ...
2.79 ... ... ... 2.325 ... ... ... ... ...
2.80 ... ... ... 2.335 ... ... ... ... ...
2.81 ... ... ... 2.344 ... ... ... ... ...
2.82 ... ... ... 2.354 ... ... ... ... ...
2.83 ... ... ... 2.364 ... ... ... ... ...
2.84 ... ... ... 2.374 ... ... ... ... ...
2.85 ... ... ... 2.384 ... ... ... ... ...
2.86 ... ... ... 2.395 ... ... ... ... ...
2.87 ... ... ... 2.405 ... ... ... ... ...
2.88 ... ... ... 2.415 ... ... ... ... ...
2.89 ... ... ... 2.426 ... ... ... ... ...
2.90 ... ... ... 2.436 ... ... ... ... ...
2.91 ... ... ... 2.447 ... ... ... ... ...
2.92 ... ... ... 2.458 ... ... ... ... ...
2.93 ... ... ... 2.469 ... ... ... ... ...
2.94 ... ... ... 2.480 ... ... ... ... ...
2.95 ... ... ... 2.491 ... ... ... ... ...
2.96 ... ... ... 2.502 ... ... ... ... ...
2.97 ... ... ... 2.513 ... ... ... ... ...
2.98 ... ... ... 2.524 ... ... ... ... ...
2.99 ... ... ... 2.536 ... ... ... ... ...
3.00 ... ... ... 2.547 ... ... ... ... ...
3.01 ... ... ... 2.559 ... ... ... ... ...
3.02 ... ... ... 2.571 ... ... ... ... ...
3.03 ... ... ... 2.583 ... ... ... ... ...
3.04 ... ... ... 2.595 ... ... ... ... ...
3.05 ... ... ... 2.607 ... ... ... ... ...
3.06 ... ... ... 2.619 ... ... ... ... ...
3.07 ... ... ... 2.631 ... ... ... ... ...
3.08 ... ... ... 2.644 ... ... ... ... ...

15
A255 − 20a
TABLE 6 Continued
Carbon-
%
Alloy
Size 7
3.09 ... ... ... 2.656 ... ... ... ... ...
3.10 ... ... ... 2.669 ... ... ... ... ...
3.11 ... ... ... 2.682 ... ... ... ... ...
3.12 ... ... ... 2.694 ... ... ... ... ...
3.13 ... ... ... 2.707 ... ... ... ... ...
3.14 ... ... ... 2.721 ... ... ... ... ...
3.15 ... ... ... 2.734 ... ... ... ... ...
3.16 ... ... ... 2.747 ... ... ... ... ...
3.17 ... ... ... 2.760 ... ... ... ... ...
3.18 ... ... ... 2.774 ... ... ... ... ...
3.19 ... ... ... 2.788 ... ... ... ... ...
3.20 ... ... ... 2.801 ... ... ... ... ...
3.21 ... ... ... 2.815 ... ... ... ... ...
3.22 ... ... ... 2.829 ... ... ... ... ...
3.23 ... ... ... 2.843 ... ... ... ... ...
3.24 ... ... ... 2.858 ... ... ... ... ...
3.25 ... ... ... 2.872 ... ... ... ... ...
3.26 ... ... ... 2.887 ... ... ... ... ...
3.27 ... ... ... 2.901 ... ... ... ... ...
3.28 ... ... ... 2.916 ... ... ... ... ...
3.29 ... ... ... 2.931 ... ... ... ... ...
3.30 ... ... ... 2.946 ... ... ... ... ...
--`,,`,,,,`,``,,,,,,`,,,-`-``,```,,,`---
3.31 ... ... ... 2.961 ... ... ... ... ...
3.32 ... ... ... 2.976 ... ... ... ... ...
3.33 ... ... ... 2.991 ... ... ... ... ...
3.34 ... ... ... 3.007 ... ... ... ... ...
3.35 ... ... ... 3.023 ... ... ... ... ...
3.36 ... ... ... 3.038 ... ... ... ... ...
3.37 ... ... ... 3.054 ... ... ... ... ...
3.38 ... ... ... 3.070 ... ... ... ... ...
3.39 ... ... ... 3.086 ... ... ... ... ...
3.40 ... ... ... 3.103 ... ... ... ... ...
3.41 ... ... ... 3.119 ... ... ... ... ...
3.42 ... ... ... 3.136 ... ... ... ... ...
3.43 ... ... ... 3.152 ... ... ... ... ...
3.44 ... ... ... 3.169 ... ... ... ... ...
3.45 ... ... ... 3.186 ... ... ... ... ...
3.46 ... ... ... 3.203 ... ... ... ... ...
3.47 ... ... ... 3.220 ... ... ... ... ...
3.48 ... ... ... 3.238 ... ... ... ... ...
3.49 ... ... ... 3.255 ... ... ... ... ...
3.50 ... ... ... 3.273 ... ... ... ... ...

16
A255 − 20a
TABLE 7 Carbon Content, Initial Hardness, 50 % Martensite Hardness
Hardness − HRC Hardness – HRC Hardness – HRC
% Initial % Initial % Initial
Carbon 100 % 50 % Carbon 100 % 50 % Carbon 100 % 50 %
Content Martensite Martensite Content Martensite Martensite Content Martensite Martensite
0.10 38 26 0.30 50 37 0.50 61 47
0.11 39 27 0.31 51 38 0.51 61 47
0.12 40 27 0.32 51 38 0.52 62 48
0.13 40 28 0.33 52 39 0.53 62 48
0.14 41 28 0.34 53 40 0.54 63 48
0.15 41 29 0.35 53 40 0.55 63 49

0.16 42 30 0.36 54 41 0.56 63 49
0.17 42 30 0.37 55 41 0.57 64 50
0.18 43 31 0.38 55 42 0.58 64 50
0.19 44 31 0.39 56 42 0.59 64 51
0.20 44 32 0.40 56 43 0.60 64 51

0.21 45 32 0.41 57 43 0.61 64 51
0.22 45 33 0.42 57 43 0.62 65 51
0.23 46 34 0.43 58 44 0.63 65 52
0.24 46 34 0.44 58 44 0.64 65 52
0.25 47 35 0.45 59 45 0.65 65 52

0.26 48 35 0.46 59 45 0.66 65 52
0.27 49 36 0.47 59 45 0.67 65 53
0.28 49 36 0.48 59 46 0.68 65 53
0.29 50 37 0.49 60 46 0.69 65 53
TABLE 8 Jominy Distance for 50 % Martensite versus DI (in.)

“J” 1⁄16 in. DI, in. “J” 1⁄16 in. DI, in. “J” 1⁄16 in. DI, in.
0.5 0.25 11.5 3.75 22.5 5.46
1.0 0.50 12.0 3.85 23.0 5.52
1.5 0.74 12.5 3.95 23.5 5.58
2.0 0.96 13.0 4.04 24.0 5.64
2.5 1.18 13.5 4.13 24.5 5.69
3.0 1.38 14.0 4.22 25.0 5.75
3.5 1.58 14.5 4.31 25.5 5.80
4.0 1.76 15.0 4.39 26.0 5.85
4.5 1.94 15.5 4.47 26.5 5.90
5.0 2.10 16.0 4.56 27.0 5.95
5.5 2.26 16.5 4.63 27.5 6.00
6.0 2.42 17.0 4.71 28.0 6.05
6.5 2.56 17.5 4.79 28.5 6.10
7.0 2.70 18.0 4.86 29.0 6.14
7.5 2.84 18.5 4.93 29.5 6.19
8.0 2.97 19.0 5.00 30.0 6.23
8.5 3.09 19.5 5.07 30.5 6.28
9.0 3.21 20.0 5.14 31.0 6.32
9.5 3.33 20.5 5.21 31.5 6.37
10.0 3.44 21.0 5.27 32.0 6.41
10.5 3.55 21.5 5.34
11.0 3.65 22.0 5.40
TABLE 9 Jominy Distance for 50 % Martensite versus DI (mm)

“J” mm DI, mm “J” mm DI, mm “J” mm DI, mm
1.0 7.9 18.0 94.5 35.0 137.3
2.0 15.8 19.0 97.1 36.0 139.3
3.0 23.2 20.0 100.8 37.0 141.2
4.0 30.2 21.0 103.7 38.0 143.0
5.0 36.6 22.0 106.6 39.0 144.8
6.0 42.7 23.0 109.3 40.0 146.6
7.0 48.4 24.0 112.0 41.0 148.3
8.0 53.8 25.0 114.7 42.0 149.9
9.0 58.9 26.0 117.2 43.0 151.5
10.0 63.7 27.0 119.7 44.0 153.1
11.0 68.2 28.0 122.1 45.0 154.6
12.0 72.5 29.0 124.5 46.0 156.1
13.0 76.6 30.0 126.7 47.0 157.6
14.0 80.5 31.0 129.0 48.0 159.0
15.0 84.3 32.0 131.2 49.0 160.5
16.0 87.8 33.0 133.3 50.0 161.9
17.0 91.2 34.0 135.3
--`,,`,,,,`,``,,,,,,`,,,-`-``,```,,,`---

17
A255 − 20a
TABLE 10 Boron Factors versus % Carbon and Alloy FactorA
% Carbon 5 7 9 11 13 15 18 22 26
0.10 6.18 5.38 5.09 4.61 4.28 4.14 3.72 3.68 3.55
0.11 5.76 5.07 4.77 4.34 4.05 3.88 3.54 3.48 3.35
0.12 5.38 4.78 4.48 4.10 3.84 3.65 3.37 3.30 3.18
0.13 5.04 4.52 4.22 3.88 3.65 3.44 3.21 3.14 3.03
0.14 4.72 4.28 3.98 3.68 3.47 3.25 3.07 2.99 2.89
0.15 4.44 4.06 3.76 3.50 3.31 3.09 2.94 2.86 2.76
0.16 4.19 3.86 3.57 3.34 3.16 2.94 2.82 2.74 2.64
0.17 3.96 3.68 3.40 3.19 3.03 2.81 2.71 2.63 2.54
0.18 3.75 3.51 3.24 3.05 2.91 2.70 2.61 2.53 2.44
0.19 3.57 3.36 3.10 2.93 2.80 2.59 2.52 2.44 2.36
0.20 3.40 3.22 2.97 2.82 2.70 2.50 2.43 2.35 2.28
0.21 3.26 3.10 2.86 2.72 2.60 2.42 2.35 2.28 2.20
0.22 3.12 2.98 2.76 2.63 2.52 2.34 2.28 2.20 2.13
0.23 3.01 2.88 2.67 2.55 2.44 2.27 2.21 2.14 2.07
0.24 2.90 2.78 2.59 2.47 2.37 2.21 2.15 2.07 2.01
0.25 2.81 2.70 2.51 2.40 2.30 2.15 2.09 2.02 1.95
0.26 2.73 2.62 2.45 2.34 2.24 2.10 2.03 1.96 1.89
0.27 2.66 2.55 2.39 2.28 2.18 2.05 1.98 1.91 1.84
0.28 2.59 2.49 2.33 2.23 2.13 2.00 1.93 1.86 1.79
0.29 2.54 2.43 2.28 2.18 2.08 1.96 1.88 1.81 1.74
0.30 2.48 2.38 2.24 2.14 2.04 1.92 1.83 1.76 1.70
0.31 2.44 2.33 2.20 2.10 1.99 1.88 1.79 1.72 1.65
0.32 2.40 2.28 2.16 2.06 1.95 1.84 1.74 1.68 1.61
0.33 2.36 2.24 2.12 2.02 1.91 1.80 1.70 1.64 1.57
0.34 2.32 2.20 2.09 1.98 1.87 1.76 1.66 1.60 1.53
0.35 2.29 2.16 2.05 1.95 1.84 1.72 1.63 1.56 1.49
0.36 2.26 2.13 2.02 1.92 1.80 1.69 1.59 1.52 1.45
0.37 2.23 2.10 1.99 1.88 1.77 1.65 1.55 1.49 1.42
0.38 2.20 2.07 1.96 1.85 1.74 1.62 1.52 1.45 1.38
0.39 2.17 2.04 1.93 1.82 1.70 1.58 1.49 1.42 1.35
0.40 2.15 2.01 1.90 1.79 1.67 1.55 1.46 1.39 1.32
0.41 2.12 1.98 1.87 1.76 1.64 1.52 1.43 1.36 1.29
0.42 2.09 1.95 1.84 1.73 1.62 1.49 1.40 1.33 1.26
0.43 2.06 1.93 1.81 1.71 1.59 1.46 1.37 1.31 1.24
0.44 2.04 1.90 1.78 1.68 1.56 1.43 1.35 1.28 1.21
0.45 2.01 1.88 1.75 1.65 1.53 1.41 1.32 1.26 1.19
0.46 1.98 1.85 1.73 1.62 1.51 1.38 1.30 1.23 1.17
0.47 1.95 1.82 1.70 1.59 1.48 1.36 1.28 1.21 1.15
0.48 1.92 1.80 1.67 1.57 1.46 1.33 1.26 1.19 1.13
0.49 1.89 1.77 1.64 1.54 1.43 1.31 1.24 1.17 1.11
0.50 1.86 1.75 1.61 1.51 1.41 1.29 1.22 1.14 1.09
0.51 1.83 1.72 1.59 1.49 1.39 1.28 1.20 1.12 1.07
0.52 1.80 1.70 1.56 1.46 1.37 1.26 1.18 1.10 1.04
0.53 1.77 1.67 1.53 1.44 1.34 1.24 1.16 1.07 1.02
0.54 1.74 1.65 1.51 1.42 1.32 1.23 1.14 1.05 1.00
0.55 1.71 1.62 1.48 1.39 1.30 1.21 1.12 1.02 1.00
0.56 1.68 1.60 1.46 1.37 1.28 1.20 1.10 1.00 1.00
0.57 1.65 1.57 1.44 1.35 1.26 1.18 1.08 1.00 1.00
0.58 1.62 1.55 1.42 1.33 1.24 1.16 1.05 1.00 1.00
0.59 1.59 1.52 1.39 1.31 1.22 1.14 1.02 1.00 1.00
0.60 1.56 1.50 1.37 1.29 1.20 1.12 1.00 1.00 1.00
0.61 1.54 1.48 1.36 1.27 1.18 1.09 1.00 1.00 1.00
0.62 1.51 1.45 1.34 1.25 1.16 1.06 1.00 1.00 1.00
0.63 1.49 1.43 1.32 1.23 1.13 1.02 1.00 1.00 1.00
0.64 1.46 1.41 1.30 1.21 1.11 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00
0.65 1.44 1.39 1.29 1.20 1.08 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00
0.66 1.42 1.37 1.27 1.18 1.05 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00
0.67 1.40 1.35 1.26 1.16 1.02 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00
0.68 1.38 1.32 1.24 1.14 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00
0.69 1.36 1.30 1.22 1.12 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00
0.70 1.35 1.28 1.20 1.10 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00
0.71 1.33 1.26 1.19 1.07 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00
0.72 1.32 1.24 1.17 1.05 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00
0.73 1.30 1.22 1.14 1.02 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00
0.74 1.29 1.20 1.12 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00
--`,,`,,,,`,``,,,,,,`,,,-`-``,```,,,`---

18
A255 − 20a
% Carbon 5 7 9 11 13 15 18 22 26
0.75 1.27 1.18 1.08 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00
0.76 1.26 1.15 1.05 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00
0.77 1.24 1.13 1.01 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00
0.78 1.22 1.10 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00
0.79 1.20 1.08 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00
0.80 1.18 1.05 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00
0.81 1.16 1.01 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00
0.82 1.13 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00
0.83 1.09 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00
0.84 1.05 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00
0.85 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00
0.86 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00
A
Alloy factor is the product of all the multiplying factors (Table 5) excluding that for carbon.
TABLE 11 Equations for Table 6 Multiplying Factors

Carbon/Grain Size 7
Up to 0.39 %, incl MF = 0.54 ( %C)
Over 0.39 to 0.55 %, incl = 0.171 + 0.001 ( %C) + 0.265 ( %C)2
Over 0.55 to 0.65 %, incl = 0.115 + 0.268 ( %C) − 0.038 ( %C)2
Over 0.65 to 0.75 %, incl = 0.143 + 0.2 ( %C)
Over 0.75 to 0.90 %, incl = 0.062 + 0.409 ( %C) − 0.135 ( %C)2
Manganese
Up to 1.20 %, incl = 3.3333 ( %Mn) + 1.00
Over 1.20 to 1.95 %, incl = 5.10 ( %Mn) − 1.12
Silicon to 2.00 %, incl = 1.00 + 0.7 ( %Si)

Nickel
Up to 1.50 %, incl = 1.00 + 0.363 ( %Ni)
Over 1.50 % to 3.5 %, incl = 0.3211 + 1.4501 ( %Ni) – 0.6119 ( %Ni)2 + 0.1253 ( %Ni)3
Chromium to 2.50 %, incl = 1.00 + 2.16 ( %Cr)
Molybdenum to 0.55 %, incl = 1.00 + 3.00 ( %Mo)
Copper to 0.55 %, incl = 1.00 + 0.365 ( %Cu)
Vanadium to 0.20 %, incl = 1.00 + 1.73 ( %V)
Zirconium to 0.25 %, incl = 1.00 + 2.5 ( %Zr)
TABLE 12 Equations for Table 7 Carbon Content, Initial Hardness, 50 % Martensite Hardness
Initial Hardness, H = 33.087 + 50.723x + 33.662x2 − 2.7048x3 – 107.02x4 + 43.523x5
50 % Martensite Hardness, H = 21.93 + 27.153x + 226.89x2 − 717.17x3 + 958.62x4 − 491.25x5
where:
H = Hardness in HRC
x = % Carbon
--`,,`,,,,`,``,,,,,,`,,,-`-``,```,,,`---

19
A255 − 20a
TABLE 13 Equations for Tables 8 and 9 Jominy Distance for 50 % Martensite versus DI
DI (in.) = –0.0156 + 0.54358x − 0.0292133x2 + 0.001186x3 – 2.696E-05x4 + 2.49E-07x5
DI (mm) = –0.5203 + 8.7522x − 0.3003x2 + 0.00778x3 − 0.0001125x4 + 6.5978E-07x5
where:
x = J Position in 1⁄16 in. or mm
TABLE 14 Equations for Table 10 Boron Factor versus % Carbon and Alloy Factor
Alloy Factor Boron Factor
5 to 0.85 % C, incl B.F. = 13.121 − 101.16 X + 383.76 X2 − 729.90 X3 + 675.13 X4 − 242.44 X5
Over 0.85 % C B.F. = 1.00
7 to 0.81 % C, incl B.F. = 10.318 − 70.135 X + 248.92 X2 − 454.75 X3 + 411.02 X4 − 146.47 X5

Over 0.81 % C B.F. = 1.00
9 to 0.77 % C, incl B.F. = 10.542 − 80.631 X + 320.36 X2 − 653.01 X3 + 655.52 X4 − 257.51 X5

Over 0.77 % C B.F. = 1.00
11 to 0.73 % C, incl B.F. = 9.034 − 64.879 X + 252.92 X2 − 515.53 X3 + 522.33 X4 − 208.46 X5

Over 0.73 % C B.F. = 1.00
13 to 0.67 % C, incl B.F. = 8.0941 − 55.906 X + 219.38 X2 − 466.23 X3 + 504.97 X4 − 219.45 X5

Over 0.67 % C B.F. = 1.00
15 to 0.63 % C, incl B.F. = 9.0484 − 77.438 X + 362.81 X2 − 895.73 X3 + 1101.9 X4 − 532.49 X5

Over 0.63 % C B.F. = 1.00
18 to 0.59 % C, incl B.F. = 6.9212 − 48.238 X + 207.29 X2 − 507.17 X3 + 644.04 X4 − 328.39 X5

Over 0.59 % C B.F. = 1.00
22 to 0.55 % C, incl B.F. = 7.240 − 55.334 X + 254.54 X2 − 655.33 X3 + 867.43 X4 − 459.59 X5

Over 0.55 % C B.F. = 1.00
26 to 0.53 % C, incl B.F. = 7.116 − 56.58 X + 273.62 X2 − 740.01 X3 + 1021.50 X4 − 559.45 X5

Over 0.53 % C B.F. = 1.00
where:
X = % carbon
--`,,`,,,,`,``,,,,,,`,,,-`-``,```,,,`---

20
A255 − 20a
TABLE 15 Equations for Table 2 Distance Hardness Dividing Factors for Non-Boron Steels, in.
“J” Distance
DIA Dividing Factor
(1⁄16 in.)
2 To 2.1, incl DF = 4.68961 − 11.00832 X + 13.83314 X2 − 8.80283 X3 + 2.78698 X4 − 0.34880 X5
Over 2.1 DF = 1.00
3 To 3.1, incl DF = 2.34904 − 0.28254 X − 1.42995 X2 + 1.16697 X3 − 0.33813 X4 + 0.03403 X5

Over 3.1 DF = 1.00
4 To 4.1, incl DF = 5.66795 − 6.14648 X + 3.52874 X2 − 1.06026 X3 + 0.16301 X4 − 0.01015 X5

Over 4.1 DF = 1.00
5 To 4.4, incl DF = 4.52902 − 2.90739 X + 0.986508 X2 − 0.163586 X3 + 0.012095 X4 − 0.000257202 X5

Over 4.4 DF = 1.00
6 To 5.0, incl DF = 4.39436 − 2.16072 X + 0.56027 X2 − 0.08145 X3 + 0.00840 X4 − 0.000530827 X5

Over 5.0 DF = 1.00
7 To 5.3, incl DF = 4.15002 − 1.43154 X + 0.00235893 X2 + 0.112947 X3 − 0.0237546 X4 + 0.00150903 X5

Over 5.3 DF = 1.00
8 To 5.6, incl DF = 4.44473 − 1.79085 X + 0.24617 X2 + 0.03378 X3 − 0.01189 X4 + 0.000841843 X5

Over 5.6 DF = 1.00
9 To 5.8, incl DF = 4.95421 − 2.43521 X + 0.62983 X2 − 0.07914 X3 + 0.00399154 X4 − 0.0000120363 X5

Over 5.8 DF = 1.00
10 To 6.1, incl DF = 5.31610 − 2.80977 X + 0.84183 X2 − 0.141781 X3 + 0.0130138 X4 − 0.000512388 X5

Over 6.1 DF = 1.00
--`,,`,,,,`,``,,,,,,`,,,-`-``,```,,,`---
12 To 6.6, incl DF = 5.63649 − 2.89264 X + 0.90309 X2 − 0.17297 X3 + 0.01881 X4 − 0.00086593 X5

Over 6.6 DF = 1.00
14 DF = 5.83176 − 2.99646 X + 0.94088 X2 − 0.17734 X3 + 0.0183885 X4 − 0.000790018 X5

16 DF = 6.06952 − 3.15198 X + 0.99297 X2 − 0.18010 X3 + 0.0172029 X4 − 0.000664079 X5
18 DF = 7.32018 − 4.60605 X + 1.68442 X2 − 0.338443 X3 + 0.0345114 X4 − 0.00138927 X5
20 DF = 7.81382 − 5.10022 X + 1.921410 X2 − 0.394591 X3 + 0.040784 X4 − 0.00165327 X5
24 DF = 9.18138 − 6.69048 X + 2.75891 X2 − 0.611613 X3 + 0.0677165 X4 − 0.002930700 X5
28 DF = 9.27904 − 6.21461 X + 2.33158 X2 − 0.46972 X3 + 0.0472654 X4 − 0.00186035 X5
32 DF = 8.62857 − 5.16125 X + 1.81214 X2 − 0.35489 X3 + 0.035687 X4 − 0.001434 X5
where:
X = DI in inches.
A
Max DI = 7.0 in.

21
A255 − 20a
TABLE 16 Equations for Table 3 Distance Hardness Dividing Factors for Non-Boron Steels, mm
“J” Distance
DIA Dividing Factor
(mm)
3.0 To 52.5, incl DF = 0.170547 + 0.173925 X – 0.0109281 X2 + 3.13863E-04 X3 – 4.32086E-06 X4 + 2.31674E-08 X5
Over 52.5 DF = 1.00
5.0 To 105.0, incl DF = 3.03987 – 0.0855161 X + 0.00138048 X2 – 9.98717E-06 X3 + 2.64963E-08 X4 + 5.46044E-12 X5

Over 105.0 DF = 1.00
7.0 To 122.5, incl DF = 4.32366 – 0.134451 X + 0.00228151 X2 – 1.96250E-05 X3 + 8.35338E-08 X4 – 1.38456E-10 X5

Over 122.5 DF = 1.00

Over 135.0 DF = 1.00
11.0 To 140.0, incl DF = 4.40915 – 0.0792024 X + 6.74319E-04 X2 – 1.97223E-06 X3 – 3.21758E-09 X4 + 2.08025E-11 X5

Over 140.0 DF = 1.00
13.0 To 147.5, incl DF = 4.60261 – 0.0820023 X + 7.18416E-04 X2 – 2.52800E-06 X3 + 2.30089E-10 X4 + 1.25368E-11 X5

Over 147.5 DF = 1.00
15.0 To 155.0, incl DF = 5.01595 – 0.0957696 X + 9.56240E-04 X2 – 4.62213E-06 X3 + 8.92787E-09 X4 – 8.74859E-13 X5

Over 155.0 DF = 1.00
20.0 To 172.5, incl DF = 5.51133 – 0.104310 X + 1.15299E-03 X2 – 7.51801E-06 X3 + 2.75126E-08 X4 – 4.3110E-11 X5

Over 172.5 DF = 1.00
25.0 DF = 6.15369 – 0.127486 X + 1.57885E-03 X2 – 1.12233E-05 X3 + 4.21359E-08 X4 – 6.42460E-11 X5

30.0 DF = 7.16001 – 0.171328 X + 2.42820E-03 X2 – 1.91259E-05 X3 + 7.67320E-08 X4 – 1.21571E-10 X5
35.0 DF = 8.46964 – 0.229424 X + 3.54915E-03 X2 – 2.97166E-05 X3 + 1.24831E-07 X4 – 2.0543E-10 X5
40.0 DF = 9.13657 – 0.252296 X + 3.94419E-03 X2 – 3.33383E-05 X3 + 1.41462E-07 X4 – 2.35541E-10 X5
45.0 DF = 8.84696 – 0.223317 X + 3.25787E-03 X2 – 2.62930E-05 X3 + 1.08190E-07 X4 – 1.76244E-10 X5
50.0 DF = 8.10202 – 0.171039 X + 2.12643E-03 X2 – 1.52754E-05 X3 + 5.78179E-08 X4 – 8.79890E-11 X5
where:
X = DI in millimetres.
A
Max DI = 177.5 mm.
--`,,`,,,,`,``,,,,,,`,,,-`-``,```,,,`---

22
A255 − 20a
TABLE 17 Equations for Table 4 Distance Hardness Dividing Factors for Boron Steels, in.
“J” Distance
DIBA Dividing Factor
(1⁄16 in.)
2 To 2.5, incl DF = 26.36590 − 63.93760 X + 64.5141 X2 − 32.4046 X3 + 8.08566 X4 − 0.801282 X5
Over 2.5 DF = 1.00
3 To 2.9, incl DF = 11.11180 − 23.185 X + 21.5865 X2 − 10.0461 X3 + 2.32282 X4 − 0.212967 X5

Over 2.9 DF = 1.00
4 To 3.5, incl DF = 28.50611 − 46.70430 X + 31.90431 X2 − 10.91263 X3 + 1.86570 X4 − 0.12747 X5

Over 3.5 DF = 1.00
5 To 4.4, incl DF = 24.56368 − 33.70604 X + 19.34623 X2 − 5.52132 X3 + 0.78088 X4 − 0.0437473 X5

Over 4.4 DF = 1.00
6 To 4.9, incl DF = 5.32872 + 1.00334 X − 3.67571 X2 + 1.70752 X3 − 0.31024 X4 + 0.0201755 X5

Over 4.9 DF = 1.00
7 To 5.2, incl DF = 5.34598 + 0.98810 X − 3.15067 X2 + 1.33727 X3 − 0.22285 X4 + 0.0133182 X5

Over 5.2 DF = 1.00
--`,,`,,,,`,``,,,,,,`,,,-`-``,```,,,`---
8 To 5.6, incl DF = 2.61397 + 4.69073 X − 4.71553 X2 + 1.58031 X3 − 0.22844 X4 + 0.01219 X5
Over 5.6 DF = 1.00
9 To 5.8, incl DF = 3.80939 + 2.96448 X − 3.58847 X2 + 1.22906 X3 − 0.17730 X4 + 0.00938121 X5

Over 5.8 DF = 1.00
10 To 6.1, incl DF = 11.75138 − 8.15904 X + 2.57305 X2 − 0.42384 X3 + 0.03679 X4 − 0.00135613 X5

Over 6.1 DF = 1.00
12 To 6.6, incl DF = 10.94580 − 6.42904 X + 1.72900 X2 − 0.24187 X3 + 0.01769 X4 − 0.000547832 X5

Over 6.6 DF = 1.00
14 To 6.9, incl DF = 14.86832 − 10.1637 X + 3.32700 X2 − 0.59480 X3 + 0.0563926 X4 − 0.00221015 X5

Over 6.9 DF = 1.00
16 DF = 14.10267 − 7.94906 X + 1.93841 X2 − 0.22357 X3 + 0.0108383 X4 − 0.00010342 X5

18 DF = 11.29531 − 4.46248 X + 0.41286 X2 + 0.09097 X3 − 0.020345 X4 + 0.00109529 X5
20 DF = 7.14752 + 0.35500 X − 1.61359 X2 + 0.49403 X3 − 0.0587857 X4 + 0.00250946 X5
24 DF = 12.3738 − 4.50690 X + 0.29009 X2 + 0.12299 X3 − 0.02325 X4 + 0.00117 X5
28 DF = 27.50991 − 20.45946 X + 6.97580 X2 − 1.25184 X3 + 0.11543 X4 − 0.00432751 X5
32 DF = 43.35623 − 35.34260 X + 12.58238 X2 − 2.29821 X3 + 0.21196 X4 − 0.00785122 X5
where:
X = DIB in inches.
A
Max DIB = 7.0 in.

23
A255 − 20a
TABLE 18 Equations for Table 5 Distance Hardness Dividing Factors for Boron Steels, mm
“J” Distance
DIBA Dividing Factor
(mm)
3.0 To 65.0, incl DF = –7.4491 + 0.865852 X – 0.0344068 X2 + 6.71203E-04 X3 – 6.46154E-06 X4 + 2.46154E-08 X5
Over 65.0 DF = 1.00
5.0 To 77.5, incl DF = –0.0786266 + 0.192924 X – 0.00833546 X2 + 1.55518E-04 X3 – 1.35556E-06 X4 + 4.54711E-09 X5

Over 77.5 DF = 1.00

Over 97.5 DF = 1.00

Over 130.0 DF = 1.00

Over 145.0 DF = 1.00
13.0 To 150.0, incl DF = 10.4880 – 0.274123 X + 0.00292721 X2 – 1.31351E-05 X3 + 1.64929E-08 X4 + 2.31368E-11 X5

--`,,`,,,,`,``,,,,,,`,,,-`-``,```,,,`---
Over 150.0 DF = 1.00
15.0 To 157.5, incl DF = 10.2270 – 0.238757 X + 0.00217091 X2 – 6.49911E-06 X3 – 1.02394E-08 X4 + 6.42594E-11 X5

Over 157.5 DF = 1.00

Over 167.5 DF = 1.00
25.0 DF = 12.7759 – 0.267261 X + 0.00240278 X2 – 1.00713E-05 X3 + 1.72914E-08 X4 – 4.94824E-12 X5

30.0 DF = 11.4394 – 0.17577 X + 6.41712E-04 X2 + 5.14585E-06 X3 – 4.47370E-08 X4 + 9.20061E-11 X5
35.0 DF = 10.0009 – 0.0998560 X – 6.21697E-04 X2 + 1.48920E-05 X3 – 8.07801E-08 X4 + 1.43570E-10 X5
40.0 DF = 21.5687 – 0.570960 X + 0.00707779 X2 – 4.71456E-05 X3 + 1.64959E-07 X4 – 2.39499E-10 X5
45.0 DF = 43.7678 – 1.47943 X + 0.0218008 X2 – 1.64441E-04 X3 + 6.24269E-07 X4 – 9.47543E-10 X5
50.0 DF = 47.0305 – 1.56500 X + 0.0226057 X2 – 1.66970E-04 X3 + 6.21257E-07 X4 – 9.26214E-10 X5
where:
X = DIB in millimetres.
A
Max DIB = 177.5 mm.

24
A255 − 20a
APPENDIX
(Nonmandatory Information)
X1. SPECIMENS FOR SPECIAL APPLICATIONS
X1.1 Scope TABLE X1.1 Orifice Sizes for Testing Small-Size Specimens
Distance from
X1.1.1 The end-quench or Jominy hardenability test may be Diameter of Test Orifice to Free Height of
applied with some modification when the test specimens Orifice Size, in.
Specimen, in. Quenched End of Water Column, in.
(mm)
available are smaller in size than those shown in Figs. 2 and 3 (mm) Specimen, in. (mm)
(mm)
or when shallow hardening steel is to be tested.
0.75 (19.0) 0.50 (12.7) 0.50 (12.7) 2.5 (63.5)
0.50 (12.7) 0.25 (6.4) 0.375 (9.5) 4.0 (102)
X1.2 Subsize Specimens 0.25 (6.4) 0.125 (3.2) 0.25 (6.4) 8.0 (203)
X1.2.1 Dimensions of Specimens and Quenching Fixtures—
For determining the hardenability of steel received in bars less
than 1.0 in. (25.4 mm) in diameter, the test specimen may be
0.75, 0.50, or 0.25 in. (19.0, 12.7, or 6.4 mm) in diameter by
3.0 or 4.0 in. (76.2 or 10.1.6 mm) in length. Fig. X1.1, in which
a 0.25 in. (6.4 mm) specimen is shown in position, shows a
suitable support for the smaller size specimens. These smaller
specimens shall be tested in accordance with 5 of the method
except that modifications are required in the water streams for
--`,,`,,,,`,``,,,,,,`,,,-`-``,```,,,`---
quenching. The orifice size and distance of the specimen from FIG. X1.2 Drilled Bar Specimen for Steel Available Only in
the orifice for testing these smaller specimens shall conform to Small Sizes
the following requirements specified in Table X1.1.
X1.2.2 Correlation with Standard End-Quench
Specimens—Due to the greater air-cooling effect on test speci-
X1.3 Shallow-Hardening Steels
mens less than 1.0 in. (25.4 mm) in diameter, and especially in
specimens smaller than 0.75 in. (19.0 mm) in diameter, the X1.3.1 The 1.0 in. (25.4 mm) diameter standard hardenabil-
cooling rates at various distances from the quenched end will ity specimen may be used to determine the hardenability of
not be the same as in the standard 1.0 in. round specimen. shallow-hardening steels, other than the carbon tool steels, by
Hardenability curves obtained from tests on these smaller a modification in the hardness survey. The procedure in
specimens therefore are not comparable with curves obtained preparing the specimen prior to hardness measurements is
from tests on the standard 1.0 in. round specimens. If the described in Sections 4, 5, and 6. An anvil providing a means
standard hardenability curve is needed, then the insert test of very accurately measuring the distance from the quenched
specimen shown in Fig. X1.2 shall be used and tested as end is essential.
described in X1.4. X1.3.2 Hardness values are obtained from 1⁄16 to 8⁄16 in. (1.6
to 12.7 mm) from the quenched end in intervals of 1⁄32 in. (0.8
mm). Beyond 8⁄16 in., hardness values are obtained at 10⁄16 12⁄16
14⁄16 and 16⁄16 in. (15.9, 19.1, 22.2 and 25.4 mm) from the
quenched end. For readings to 8⁄16 in. from the quenched end,
two hardness traverses are made, both with readings 1⁄16 in.
apart; one starting at 1⁄16 in. and being completed at 8⁄16 in. from
the quenched end, and the other starting at 3⁄32 in. (2.4 mm) and
being completed at 15⁄32 in. (11.9 mm) from the quenched end.
X1.3.3 Only two flats 180° apart need be ground if the
mechanical fixture has a grooved bed that will accommodate
the indentations of the flat surveyed first. The second hardness
traverse is made after turning the bar over. If the fixture does
not have such a grooved bed, two pairs of flats should be
ground, the flats of each pair being 180° apart. The two
hardness surveys are made on adjacent flats.
X1.3.4 For plotting test results, the standard form for
plotting hardenability curves (Fig. 4) should be used. Distances
FIG. X1.1 Support for Smaller-Size Specimens, Showing 0.25 in. for the odd number 1⁄32 in. (0.8 mm) should be measured with
(6.4 mm) Specimen in Position care.

25
A255 − 20a
X1.4 Subsize Specimen as Insert in Standard End- sheath warmed to a temperature above the melting point of the
Quench Test Woods metal. After the Woods metal is molten, screw the stud
X1.4.1 A specimen available only in a small size may be in place so that the specimen is forced firmly against the
prepared as an insert in an axially drilled standard size test bottom of the hole. Then heat the assembly and quench in
which serves as a sheath (Fig. X1.2). About 0.2 g of Woods accordance with 6.2 and 6.3. The sheath shall preferably be
metal3 shall be placed in the bottom of the test sheath (Fig. made from a plain low-carbon steel. After the quench, warm
X1.2). The small test specimen inserted in the sheath, and the the assembly in boiling water to melt the Woods metal and
remove the specimen. Then make Rockwell hardness measure-
3
The composition of Woods metal is 50 % bismuth, 25 % lead, and 25 % tin, and
ments on the C scale on the specimen as prescribed in 6.3.
the melting point is 200 °F (93 °C).
--`,,`,,,,`,``,,,,,,`,,,-`-``,```,,,`---
REFERENCES
(1) Grossman, M. A., Hardenability Calculated from Chemical (6) Hewitt, W., Hardenability—Its Prediction from Chemical
Composition, AIME Transactions, Vol 150, 1942, pp. 227–259 Composition, Heat Treatment of Metals, Vol 8, 1981, pp. 33–38.
(2) Banerji, S. K., and Morral, J. E., Boron in Steel , AIME, Warrentown, (7) Tartaglia, J. M., and Eldis, G. T., Core Hardenability Calculations for
Pa, 1980, pp. 106–126. Carburizing Steels, Vol 15A, No. 6, Metallurgical Transactions, June
(3) Siebert, C. A., Doane, D. V., and Breen, D. H., The Hardenability of 1984, pp. 1173–1183.
Steels, ASM, Metals Park, OH, 1977, p. 64 ff. (8) Jatczak, C. F., Determining Hardenability from Composition. Metal
(4) Just, E., New Formulas for Calculating Hardenability Curves, Metals Progress, Vol 100, No. 3, September 1971, p. 60.
Progress, November 1969, pp. 87–88. (9) Kramer, I. R., Siegel, S., and Brooks, J., Factors for the Calculation
(5) Doane, D. V., and Kirkaldy, J. S., eds., Hardenability Concepts with of Hardenability. AIME Transactions, Vol 163, 1946, p. 670.
Applications to Steel, The Metallurgical Society of AIME, (10) Crafts, W., and Lamont, Y., The Effects of Some Hardenability,
Warrendale, PA, 1978. AIME Transactions, Vol 158, 1944, p. 162.
SUMMARY OF CHANGES
Committee A01 has identified the location of selected changes to this standard since the last issue (A255 – 20)
that may impact the use of this standard. (Approved Nov. 1, 2020.)
(1) Adjunct information in 2.2 and former Footnote 3 was

deleted.
Committee A01 has identified the location of selected changes to this standard since the last issue (A255 – 10
(2018)) that may impact the use of this standard. (Approved July 1, 2020.)
(1) Table 6 – The carbon multiplication factor value for 0.89 %

Alloy was changed from 0.317 to 0.319.
ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentioned
in this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the risk
of infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.
This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years and
if not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standards
and should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of the
responsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you should
make your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.
This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles

Designation: A255 − 20a

Standard Test Methods for

1. Scope* responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-

Carbon 0.10–0.70 END-QUENCH OR JOMINY TEST

*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard

Copyright ASTM International

5 specified austenitizing temperature (Table 1) and hold at this

Copyright ASTM International

FIG. 1 Test Specimen in Support for Water Quenching

FIG. 2 Preferred Test Specimen

FIG. 3 Optional Test Specimen

Copyright ASTM International

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0.15 41 29 0.35 53 40 0.55 63 49

0.20 44 32 0.40 56 43 0.60 64 51

0.25 47 35 0.45 59 45 0.65 65 52

TABLE 8 Jominy Distance for 50 % Martensite versus DI (in.)

TABLE 9 Jominy Distance for 50 % Martensite versus DI (mm)

Copyright ASTM International

Copyright ASTM International

TABLE 11 Equations for Table 6 Multiplying Factors

Silicon to 2.00 %, incl = 1.00 + 0.7 ( %Si)

50 % Martensite Hardness, H = 21.93 + 27.153x + 226.89x2 − 717.17x3 + 958.62x4 − 491.25x5

Copyright ASTM International

DI (mm) = –0.5203 + 8.7522x − 0.3003x2 + 0.00778x3 − 0.0001125x4 + 6.5978E-07x5

7 to 0.81 % C, incl B.F. = 10.318 − 70.135 X + 248.92 X2 − 454.75 X3 + 411.02 X4 − 146.47 X5

9 to 0.77 % C, incl B.F. = 10.542 − 80.631 X + 320.36 X2 − 653.01 X3 + 655.52 X4 − 257.51 X5

11 to 0.73 % C, incl B.F. = 9.034 − 64.879 X + 252.92 X2 − 515.53 X3 + 522.33 X4 − 208.46 X5

13 to 0.67 % C, incl B.F. = 8.0941 − 55.906 X + 219.38 X2 − 466.23 X3 + 504.97 X4 − 219.45 X5

15 to 0.63 % C, incl B.F. = 9.0484 − 77.438 X + 362.81 X2 − 895.73 X3 + 1101.9 X4 − 532.49 X5

18 to 0.59 % C, incl B.F. = 6.9212 − 48.238 X + 207.29 X2 − 507.17 X3 + 644.04 X4 − 328.39 X5

22 to 0.55 % C, incl B.F. = 7.240 − 55.334 X + 254.54 X2 − 655.33 X3 + 867.43 X4 − 459.59 X5

26 to 0.53 % C, incl B.F. = 7.116 − 56.58 X + 273.62 X2 − 740.01 X3 + 1021.50 X4 − 559.45 X5

Copyright ASTM International

3 To 3.1, incl DF = 2.34904 − 0.28254 X − 1.42995 X2 + 1.16697 X3 − 0.33813 X4 + 0.03403 X5

4 To 4.1, incl DF = 5.66795 − 6.14648 X + 3.52874 X2 − 1.06026 X3 + 0.16301 X4 − 0.01015 X5

5 To 4.4, incl DF = 4.52902 − 2.90739 X + 0.986508 X2 − 0.163586 X3 + 0.012095 X4 − 0.000257202 X5

6 To 5.0, incl DF = 4.39436 − 2.16072 X + 0.56027 X2 − 0.08145 X3 + 0.00840 X4 − 0.000530827 X5

7 To 5.3, incl DF = 4.15002 − 1.43154 X + 0.00235893 X2 + 0.112947 X3 − 0.0237546 X4 + 0.00150903 X5

8 To 5.6, incl DF = 4.44473 − 1.79085 X + 0.24617 X2 + 0.03378 X3 − 0.01189 X4 + 0.000841843 X5

9 To 5.8, incl DF = 4.95421 − 2.43521 X + 0.62983 X2 − 0.07914 X3 + 0.00399154 X4 − 0.0000120363 X5

10 To 6.1, incl DF = 5.31610 − 2.80977 X + 0.84183 X2 − 0.141781 X3 + 0.0130138 X4 − 0.000512388 X5

12 To 6.6, incl DF = 5.63649 − 2.89264 X + 0.90309 X2 − 0.17297 X3 + 0.01881 X4 − 0.00086593 X5

14 DF = 5.83176 − 2.99646 X + 0.94088 X2 − 0.17734 X3 + 0.0183885 X4 − 0.000790018 X5

Copyright ASTM International

5.0 To 105.0, incl DF = 3.03987 – 0.0855161 X + 0.00138048 X2 – 9.98717E-06 X3 + 2.64963E-08 X4 + 5.46044E-12 X5