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    ELCE310 Lab6A Aidana Bissen 24b208e117326feae1b12f 230416 190813

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    altynbek.serikov
    The document summarizes a lab experiment on passive filters. The objectives were to determine the amplitude and frequency response characteristics of low pass, high pass, and band pass passive filters, and to compare the real filter responses to ideal responses. The lab involved simulating the different filter types using software and analyzing their behavior under various conditions. Results showed that the simulated filter responses had transition bands not present in ideal responses. Cut-off frequencies and bandwidths were calculated and compared to simulation values, showing close matches. The lab provided an understanding of passive filter characteristics, design, and applications in signal processing.

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    ELCE310 Lab6A Aidana Bissen 24b208e117326feae1b12f 230416 190813

    Uploaded by

    altynbek.serikov
    15 views10 pages
    The document summarizes a lab experiment on passive filters. The objectives were to determine the amplitude and frequency response characteristics of low pass, high pass, and band pass passive filters, and to compare the real filter responses to ideal responses. The lab involved simulating the different filter types using software and analyzing their behavior under various conditions. Results showed that the simulated filter responses had transition bands not present in ideal responses. Cut-off frequencies and bandwidths were calculated and compared to simulation values, showing close matches. The lab provided an understanding of passive filter characteristics, design, and applications in signal processing.

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    ELCE310_Lab6A_Aidana_Bissen_24b208e117326feae1b12f_230416_190813 (2)

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    The document summarizes a lab experiment on passive filters. The objectives were to determine the amplitude and frequency response characteristics of low pass, high pass, and band pass passive filters, and to compare the real filter responses to ideal responses. The lab involved simulating the different filter types using software and analyzing their behavior under various conditions. Results showed that the simulated filter responses had transition bands not present in ideal responses. Cut-off frequencies and bandwidths were calculated and compared to simulation values, showing close matches. The lab provided an understanding of passive filter characteristics, design, and applications in signal processing.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    15 views10 pages

    ELCE310 Lab6A Aidana Bissen 24b208e117326feae1b12f 230416 190813

    Uploaded by

    altynbek.serikov
    The document summarizes a lab experiment on passive filters. The objectives were to determine the amplitude and frequency response characteristics of low pass, high pass, and band pass passive filters, and to compare the real filter responses to ideal responses. The lab involved simulating the different filter types using software and analyzing their behavior under various conditions. Results showed that the simulated filter responses had transition bands not present in ideal responses. Cut-off frequencies and bandwidths were calculated and compared to simulation values, showing close matches. The lab provided an understanding of passive filter characteristics, design, and applications in signal processing.

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    School of Engineering and Digital Sciences

    Electronic Instrumentation and Measurement ELCE 310 Laboratory

    LAB 6A: FILTERS

    The laboratory number: 6A


    Section number: 1
    Student ID: 201747869

    Lab participant: Aidana Bissen

    Instructor: Ikechi Ukaegbu

    2023
    Objectives:
    ● Determine the amplitude and frequency response characteristics of low pass, high pass
    and band pass passive filters
    ● To compare real filter response to ideal response

    Introduction

    The simulation laboratory work focused on determining the amplitude and frequency
    response characteristics of low pass, high pass and band pass passive filters. In this experiment,
    we aim to explore the performance of different types of passive filters and analyze their
    frequency response characteristics. By using simulation software, we can model the behavior of
    these filters under various conditions and compare their real response to their ideal response.
    This experiment will help us understand the behavior of filters and their applications in signal
    processing, communications, and electronics. By the end of this laboratory work, we will have
    gained valuable insights into the characteristics and limitations of passive filters, and how they
    can be optimized for specific applications. There tables for different filters were filled with the
    computed and measured values of the cut-off frequencies and bandwidth with Matlab bode plots
    for all passive filters from simulation.

    Results

    PART 1: PASSIVE RC LOW PASS FILTER

    Figure 1. RC Passive Low Pass Filter.

    2
    Figure 2. Cut-off frequency of low pass filter at 3dB.

    Figure 3. Matlab plot of the Magnitude and Phase response of the low pass filter.

    3
    Table I. Calculated and simulated values of cut-off frequency for low pass filter.

    X value Y value Time const fc_calculated fc_simulation


    (RC)

    Case I 600Ω 6.6nF 3.96µ𝑠 40.191 kHz 40.25 kHz

    Case II 600Ω 2.7nF 1.62µ𝑠 98.244 kHz 97.831 kHz

    ● τ = 𝑅𝐶
    1
    ● 𝑓𝑐 = 2π𝑅𝐶

    We can observe that for the ideal frequency response of the low-pass filter, the value of
    the Bode plot after cut-off frequency will be sharply reduced to 0, whereas for this simulation
    there is a smooth decrease in the frequency response, as it goes beyond the cutoff frequency. The
    theoretical and measured values of cure are the same: small differences occurred due to
    inaccuracy of the LTspice software. The similar situation happens with the phase vs frequency
    plots of the low pass filter.
    The specific shape of the transition band depends on the design of the filter. The presence
    of a transition band is typically observed in any filter system, regardless of whether it is
    intentional or not. When designing filters for signal transmission systems, it is important to
    consider the values required to ensure that the entire bandwidth of the intended signal is allowed
    to pass through.

    4
    PART 2: PASSIVE RC HIGH PASS FILTER

    Figure 4. RC Passive High Pass Filter.

    Figure 5. Matlab plot of the Magnitude and Phase response of the high pass filter.

    5
    Table II. Calculated and simulated values of cut-off frequency for high pass filter.
    X value Y value Time const (RC) fc_calculated fc_simulation

    Case I 600Ω 26.5nF 15.9µ𝑠 10.01 kHz 10.037 kHz

    Case II 3.3kΩ 0.01µF 33µ𝑠 4.823 kHz 4.826 kHz

    ● τ = 𝑅𝐶
    1
    ● 𝑓𝑐 = 2π𝑅𝐶

    The low cut off frequency, fc, defines the stop band for a high pass filter, which includes
    all frequencies between 0 and fc. The passband, on the other hand, includes frequencies greater
    than fc. In practical implementation of this filter, the transition band between the stop band and
    the passband is so narrow that it is often omitted from the characteristics. As a result, the range
    up to fc is also referred to as the stop band, while frequencies greater than fc are referred to as
    the pass band. High pass filters completely attenuate frequencies within the stop band. If we
    compare with the ideal high pass filter characteristics, there is not any transition band as in the
    simulation graph.

    PART 3: PASSIVE BAND PASS FILTER

    Figure 6. RC Passive Band Pass Filter..

    6
    Figure 7. Cut-off frequencies of band pass filter at 3dB.

    Figure 8. Matlab plot of the Magnitude and Phase response of the band pass filter.

    7
    Table III: Calculated and measured cut-off frequencies and bandwidth of the band pass
    filter.
    Parameters Values

    𝑓𝐻 1.061 kHz
    𝑐𝑎𝑙𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑑

    𝑓𝐿 28.421 kHz
    𝑐𝑎𝑙𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑑

    𝑓𝐻 1.108 kHz
    𝑠𝑖𝑚𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛

    𝑓𝐿 27.274 kHz
    𝑠𝑖𝑚𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛

    Bandwidth, BW (calculated) 27.36 kHz

    Bandwidth, BW (simulation) 26.166 kHz

    Center frequency, 𝑓𝑜 5.491 kHz

    1
    ● 𝑓𝑐 = 2π𝑅𝑛𝐶𝑛
    𝑛

    ● 𝐵𝑊 = 𝑓𝐿 − 𝑓𝐻

    ● 𝑓𝑜 = 𝑓𝐿 * 𝑓𝐻

    Conclusion

    In conclusion, our laboratory work on passive filter circuits provided us with a solid
    foundation for understanding the principles and practical applications of different types of filters.
    We learned about the characteristics of low-pass, high-pass, band-pass, and band-stop filters and
    how to design and analyze them using various tools and techniques. Through simulation
    experiments, we gained valuable experience in constructing and testing filter circuits and
    observed how their performance changes with different component values and configurations.
    Overall, this laboratory work gave us a deeper appreciation for the importance of passive filter
    circuits in signal processing and provided us with a useful set of skills for future endeavors in
    electronics and engineering.

    8
    9

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