v01.

1212
HMC960LP4E
DC - 100 MHz DUAL Digital
Variable Gain AmplifieR with Driver

Typical Applications Features

The HMC960LP4E is suitable for: Low Noise: 6 dB NF
• Baseband I/Q Transceivers High Linearity: Output IP3 +30 dBm
• Direct Conversion & Low IF Transceivers Variable Gain: 0 to 40 dB
• Diversity Receivers High Bandwidth: DC to 100 MHz
• ADC Drivers Precise Gain Accuracy: 0.5 dB Gain Step
• Adaptive Gain Control Excellent Magnitude and Phase Response
Externally Controlled Common Mode Output Level
Parallel or Serial Gain Control
Read/Write Serial Port Interface (SPI)
24 Lead 4x4 mm SMT Package 16 mm2
Programmable Input Impedance
(400 Ω Differential or 100 Ω Differential)
IF/BASEBAND PROCESSING - SMT

Functional Diagram General Description

The HMC960LP4E is a digitally programmable dual
channel variable gain amplifier. It supports discrete
gain steps from 0 to 40 dB in precise 0.5 dB steps.
It features a glitch free architecture to provide
exceptionally smooth gain transitions. The device
has matched gain paths which provide excellent
quadrature balance over a wide signal bandwidth.
The HMC960LP4E provides an SPI programmable
input impedance of 100 Ω differential or 400 Ω
differential (default).
Externally controlled common mode output feature
enables the HMC960LP4E to provide a flexible output
interface to other parts in the signal path.
Gain can be controlled via either a parallel interface
(GC[6:0]) or via the read/write serial port (SPI).
Housed in a compact 4x4mm (LP4) SMT QFN
package, the HMC960LP4E requires minimal external
components and provides a low cost alternative to
more complicated switched amplifier architectures.

Information furnished by Analog Devices is believed to be accurate and reliable. However, no

For price, delivery and to place For price, 2
delivery, and to place Chelmsford,
orders: Analog MA
Devices, Inc.,
responsibility is assumed by Analog Devices for its use,orders:
nor for any Hittite Microwave
infringements Corporation,
of patents or other Elizabeth Drive, 01824
One Technology Way, P.O. Box 9106, Norwood, MA 02062-9106
rights of third parties that may result from its use. Specifications subject to change without notice. No
978-250-3343 tel • 978-250-3373 fax • Order On-line at www.hittite.com
1 license is granted by implication or otherwise under any patent or patent rights of Analog Devices. Phone: 781-329-4700 • Order online at www.analog.com
Application Support: Phone: 1-800-ANALOG-D
Application
Trademarks and registered trademarks are the property of their respective owners. Support: [email protected]
 HMC960LP4E
v01.1212

DC - 100 MHz DUAL Digital

Variable Gain AmplifieR with Driver

Table 1. Electrical Specifications

TA = +25°C, VDDI, VDDQ, DVDD = 5V +/-10%, GND = 0V, 400 Ω differential load unless otherwise stated.
Parameter Conditions Min. Typ. Max. Units

Analog Performance

Gain Range 0 40 dB

Gain Step Size 0.5 dB

Gain Step Error f = 40 MHz 0.05 ±0.2 dB

Gain Absolute Error f = 40 MHz 0.1 ±0.2 dB

DC Offset [4] measured over all gain settings 0 ±50 mV

Signal Bandwidth
0.5 dB bandwidth over all gain settings 50 90 MHz
3 dB bandwidth 100 180 MHz

Noise Figure Gain:

100 Ω Input Impedance (100 Ohm source) 0 dB (min gain) 23 dB
10 dB 14 dB
20 dB 7.5 dB
30 dB 6.5 dB
40 dB (max gain) 6 dB

IF/BASEBAND PROCESSING - SMT

400 Ω Input Impedance (400 Ohm source) 0 dB (min gain) 17.5 dB
10 dB 11 dB
20 dB 6.7 dB
30 dB 6.3 dB
40 dB (max gain) 6.1 dB

Output noise measured at f = 1 MHz

0 dB gain 100 Ω matched input load 9 nV/rtHz
40 dB gain 125 nV/rtHz

Output IP3 using two tones near 20 MHz

0 dB gain at 2 Vppd output 32 dBm
40 dB gain 33 dBm

IM3 using two tones near 20 MHz

0 dB gain at 2 Vppd output -75 dBc
40 dB gain -80 dBc

Output IP2 using two tones near 20 MHz

0 dB gain at 2 Vppd output 73 dBm
40 dB gain 73 dBm

IM2 using two tones near 20 MHz

0 dB gain at 2 Vppd output -80 dBc
40 dB gain -80 dBc

Sideband Suppression (Uncalibrated)[1] tested at 20 MHz over all gains 40 55 dB

I/Q Channel Balance[1] tested at 20 MHz

Gain 0.02 dB
Phase 0.15 degrees

I/Q Channel Isolation 60 70 dB

Analog I/O

100 Ω Mode 80 100 120 Ω

Differential input impedance
400 Ω Mode 320 400 480 Ω

Full Scale Differential Input

min / max gain setting 2/0.02 Vppd
400 Ω Differential Load
min / max gain setting 1/0.02 Vppd
100 Ω Differential Load

Input Common Mode Voltage Range 1 4 V

Information furnished by Analog Devices is believed to be accurate and reliable. However, no

For price, delivery and to place For price, 2
delivery, and to place Chelmsford,
orders: Analog MA
Devices, Inc.,
responsibility is assumed by Analog Devices for its use,orders:
nor for any Hittite Microwave
infringements Corporation,
of patents or other Elizabeth Drive, 01824
One Technology Way, P.O. Box 9106, Norwood, MA 02062-9106
rights of third parties that may result from its use. Specifications subject to change without notice. No
978-250-3343 tel • 978-250-3373 fax • Order
license is granted by implication or otherwise under any patent or patent rights of Analog Devices.
On-line
Phone: at www.hittite.com
781-329-4700 • Order online at www.analog.com 2
Trademarks and registered trademarks are the property of their Application Application Support: Phone: 1-800-ANALOG-D
respective owners. Support: [email protected]
 HMC960LP4E
v01.1212

DC - 100 MHz DUAL Digital

Variable Gain AmplifieR with Driver

Table 1. Electrical Specifications, TA = +25°C (Continued)

Parameter Conditions Min. Typ. Max. Units

Full Scale Differential Output

400 Ω Differential Load 2 Vppd
100 Ω Differential Load 1 Vppd

Output Voltage Range 0.5 Vdd - 0.5 V

Output Common Mode Voltage Range [2] 1 Vdd/2 3 V

Digital I/O Tested at 30 MHz Operation

Logic Levels

Digital Input Low Level (VIL) 0.4 V

Digital Input High Level (VIH) 1.5 V

Digital Output Low Level (VOL) 0.4 V

Digital Output High Level (VOH) Vdd - 0.4 V

Supply Related

Digital I/O
IF/BASEBAND PROCESSING - SMT

Power Supply Analog & Digital Supplies 4.5 5 5.5 V

Supply Current [3] Both I/Q channels 70 mA

[1] Sideband Rejection is only measured in dB, but relates to phase/magnitude channel imbalance as follows, for a mismatch of 1 degree phase and
0.1 dB magnitude:
SBR = -10Log[(1+A^2-2Acosx)/(1+A^2+2Acosx)]
where A = 10^(0.1/20) (linear magnitude) and x = 1*pi/180 (radians)
[2] Output common mode voltage range is specified for worst case temperature, supply voltage, and bias settings with 2 Vppd signal amplitude. For
5 V supply and recommended biasing (op-amp bias =1 and driver bias=2), over 3.5 V is typical. See “Output IP3 vs. Common Mode Voltage vs.
Driver Bias Setting[1]” in Figure 12
[3] Recommend bias setting (op-amp bias =1 and driver bias=2)
[4] Standard deviation = 15 mV

Table 2. Test Conditions

Unless otherwise specified, the following test conditions were used
Parameter Condition
Temperature +27 °C
Gain Setting 0 dB
Output Signal Level 2 Vppd
Input/Output Common Mode Level 2.5 V
Programmed Impedance 200 Ω per input (400 Ω differential)

200 Ω per output (400 Ω differ-

Output Load
ential)
Supplies Analog: +5 V, Digital +5 V
Driver Bias Setting ‘10’
Op-Amp Bias Setting ‘01’ (Standard Setting)

Information furnished by Analog Devices is believed to be accurate and reliable. However, no

For price, delivery and to place orders: For price, 2
delivery, and to place Chelmsford,
orders: Analog MA
Devices, Inc.,
responsibility is assumed by Analog Devices for its use, nor for anyHittite Microwave
infringements Corporation,
of patents or other Elizabeth Drive, 01824
One Technology Way, P.O. Box 9106, Norwood, MA 02062-9106
rights of third parties that may result from its use. Specifications subject to change without notice. No
978-250-3343 tel • 978-250-3373 fax • Order On-line at www.hittite.com
3 license is granted by implication or otherwise under any patent or patent rights of Analog Devices.
Trademarks and registered trademarks are the property of their Application
Phone: 781-329-4700 • Order online at www.analog.com
Application Support: Phone: 1-800-ANALOG-D
respective owners. Support: [email protected]
 HMC960LP4E
v01.1212

DC - 100 MHz DUAL Digital

Variable Gain AmplifieR with Driver

Figure 2. Gain Error,

Figure 1. Gain vs. Temperature (40 MHz) Absolute & Step (40 MHz)
40 0.1

35

30 0.05
MEASURED GAIN (dB)

GAIN ERROR (dB)

25

20 0

15

10 -0.05
27 C
85 C ABSOLUTE GAIN
5 -40 C RELATIVE GAIN

0 -0.1
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40
PROGRAMMED GAIN (dB) PROGRAMMED GAIN (dB)

Figure 4. Gain Error,

Figure 3. Gain vs. Temperature (100 MHz) Absolute & Step (100 MHz)

IF/BASEBAND PROCESSING - SMT

40 0.5

35

30 0.25
MEASURED GAIN (dB)

GAIN ERROR (dB)

25

20 0

15

10 27 C -0.25
85 C
-40 C
5 ABSOLUTE GAIN
RELATIVE GAIN
0 -0.5
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40
PROGRAMMED GAIN (dB) PROGRAMMED GAIN (dB)

Figure 5. Frequency Response vs. Gain [1] Figure 6. Channel Isolation vs. Gain [2]
50 -20
40dB GAIN
40 -30 0dB
10dB
20dB
30dB
30 -40 40dB
ISOLATION (dBfs)

20 -50
GAIN (dB)

10 -60
0 dB Gain
0 -70
0dB GAIN
-10 -80

-20 -90
40 dB Gain
-30 -100
0.1 1 10 100 1000 0.1 1 10 100 1000
FREQUENCY (MHz) FREQUENCY (MHz)

[1] 2 dB Gain step increments

[2] 10 dB Gain step increments

Information furnished by Analog Devices is believed to be accurate and reliable. However, no

For price, delivery and to place For price, 2
delivery, and to place Chelmsford,
orders: Analog MA
Devices, Inc.,
responsibility is assumed by Analog Devices for its use,orders:
nor for any Hittite Microwave
infringements Corporation,
of patents or other Elizabeth Drive, 01824
One Technology Way, P.O. Box 9106, Norwood, MA 02062-9106
rights of third parties that may result from its use. Specifications subject to change without notice. No
978-250-3343 tel • 978-250-3373 fax • Order
license is granted by implication or otherwise under any patent or patent rights of Analog Devices.
On-line
Phone: at www.hittite.com
781-329-4700 • Order online at www.analog.com 4
Trademarks and registered trademarks are the property of their Application Application Support: Phone: 1-800-ANALOG-D
respective owners. Support: [email protected]
 HMC960LP4E
v01.1212

DC - 100 MHz DUAL Digital

Variable Gain AmplifieR with Driver

Figure 8. Output IP2 vs.

Figure 7. IM2 vs. Frequency & Gain [4] Frequency & Gain [4]
-95 110

0 dB
100 10 dB
20 dB
-100 30 dB
40 dB
90
IM2 (dBc)

OIP2 (dBm)
-105 0 dB
10 dB
20 dB 80
30 dB
40 dB
-110
70

-115 60
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
FREQUENCY (MHz) FREQUENCY (MHz)

Figure 9. IM3 vs. Frequency and Gain, Figure 10. IM3 vs. Frequency & Gain,
Standard Bias Setting [5][7] High Linearity Bias Setting [6][7]
IF/BASEBAND PROCESSING - SMT

-40 -40

Gain Settings 0dB

-50 0dB -50
5dB Less Than 30 dB 5dB
10dB Gain Settings
10dB
15dB 20dB Less Than 30 dB
-60 20dB -60 15dB
25dB 25dB
30dB 30dB
IM3 (dBc)

35dB
IM3 (dBc)

35dB
-70 40dB -70 40dB

Gain Settings
30 dB or Greater -80 Gain Settings
-80
30 dB or Greater

-90
-90

-100
-100 10 100
10 100 FREQUENCY (MHz)
FREQUENCY (MHz)

Figure 11. Output IP3 vs. Frequency & Figure 12. Output IP3 vs. Frequency &
Gain, Standard Bias Setting [5] [7] Gain, High Linearity Bias Setting [6] [7]
45 45

40 40
Greater Than 30 dB
Gain Setting
35 Greater Than 30 dB 35
Gain Setting
OIP3 (dBm)

30 30
OIP3 (dBm)

0dB 0dB
5dB 25 5dB
25 10dB 10dB
15dB
15dB 20dB Less Than 30 dB
20dB 20 25dB Gain Setting
20 25dB 30dB
30dB Less Than 30 dB 35dB
35dB 40dB
40dB Gain Setting 15
15

10
10 10 100
10 100 FREQUENCY (MHz)
FREQUENCY (MHz)

[3] VGA Gain = 0 dB, 2 Vpp differential output

[4] 300 mVppd output, load impedance = 400 Ω differential
[5] Amplifier bias setting = ‘01’ (Standard Setting)
[6] Amplifier bias setting = ‘10’ (High Linearity Setting)
Information furnished by Analog Devices is believed to be accurate and reliable. However, no
For price, delivery and to place orders: For price, 2
delivery, and to place Chelmsford,
orders: Analog MA
Devices, Inc.,
responsibility is assumed by Analog Devices for its use, nor for anyHittite Microwave
infringements Corporation,
of patents or other Elizabeth Drive, 01824
One Technology Way, P.O. Box 9106, Norwood, MA 02062-9106
rights of third parties that may result from its use. Specifications subject to change without notice. No
978-250-3343 tel • 978-250-3373 fax • Order On-line at www.hittite.com
5 license is granted by implication or otherwise under any patent or patent rights of Analog Devices.
Trademarks and registered trademarks are the property of their Application
Phone: 781-329-4700 • Order online at www.analog.com
Application Support: Phone: 1-800-ANALOG-D
respective owners. Support: [email protected]
 HMC960LP4E
v01.1212

DC - 100 MHz DUAL Digital

Variable Gain AmplifieR with Driver

Figure 13. Output IP3 vs. Figure 14. Output IP3 vs.
Frequency & Bias, Gain = 10 dB [5][6] [7] [9] Frequency & Bias, Gain = 30 dB [5][6] [7] [9]
45 45

40 40

35 35
OIP3 (dBm)

OIP3 (dBm)
30 30

25 25

Standard Bias Setting

20 20
High Linearity Bias Setting
Standard Bias Setting
15 Hight Linearity Bias Setting 15

10 10
10 100 10 100
FREQUENCY (MHz) FREQUENCY (MHz)

Figure 15. Output IP3 vs. Output Common Figure 16. Output IP3 vs. Output Common
Mode, Standard Bias Setting [3][5] Mode, High Linearity Bias Settings [3][6]

IF/BASEBAND PROCESSING - SMT

36 36

34 34

32 32
OIP3 (dBm)

OIP3 (dBm)

30 30 4.5 V 5.5 V
Vdd = 4.5 4.5 V 5.5 V Vdd = 4.5
Vdd = 4.75 Vdd = 4.75
Vdd = 5 Vdd = 5
28 Vdd = 5.25 28 Vdd = 5.25
Vdd = 5.5 Vdd = 5.5

26 26
0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5
COMMON MODE VOLTAGE (V) COMMON MODE VOLTAGE (V)

Figure 17. Output Voltage vs. Figure 18. Output vs.

Input Voltage for Various Gains Expected Output Over Gain [8]
18
10 16
0dB
14 5dB 40 dB Gain
10dB
12 15dB
OUTPUT VOLTAGE (Vppd)

OUTPUT POWER (dBm)

10 20dB
25dB
40 dB Gain 8 30dB 0 dB Gain
35dB
6 40dB
refP1dB
4
1
2
2Vppd / 1dBm
0
0dB
5dB -2
10dB
15dB -4
20dB 1Vppd / -5dBm
25dB -6
30dB
0 dB Gain 35dB
40dB -8

0.1 -10
-10 -8 -6 -4 -2 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20
0.01 0.1 1 10
INPUT VOLTAGE (Vppd) EXPECTED OUTPUT POWER (dBm)

[7] Load Impedance = 400 Ω differential, 2 Vppd output

[8] Output Power (dBm) is measured into 400 Ω output load
[9] Use the following formulas conversion between dBm, dBVrms, and Vppd, using a 400 Ω differential load: dBVrms = 20log(Vppd/2.8284),
dBm = 10log((Vppd/2.8284)2/400x10-3), dBm = dBVrms - 10log(400x10-3)

Information furnished by Analog Devices is believed to be accurate and reliable. However, no

For price, delivery and to place For price, 2
delivery, and to place Chelmsford,
orders: Analog MA
Devices, Inc.,
responsibility is assumed by Analog Devices for its use,orders:
nor for any Hittite Microwave
infringements Corporation,
of patents or other Elizabeth Drive, 01824
One Technology Way, P.O. Box 9106, Norwood, MA 02062-9106
rights of third parties that may result from its use. Specifications subject to change without notice. No
978-250-3343 tel • 978-250-3373 fax • Order
license is granted by implication or otherwise under any patent or patent rights of Analog Devices.
On-line
Phone: at www.hittite.com
781-329-4700 • Order online at www.analog.com 6
Trademarks and registered trademarks are the property of their Application Application Support: Phone: 1-800-ANALOG-D
respective owners. Support: [email protected]
 HMC960LP4E
v01.1212

DC - 100 MHz DUAL Digital

Variable Gain AmplifieR with Driver

Figure 19. Output Noise vs. Low Figure 20. Noise Figure vs.
Frequency, 100 Ω Rin [10] Gain & Input Impedance at 1 MHz
1000 25

400 Ohm
20 100 Ohm

40 dB Gain

NOISE FIGURE (dB)

NOISE (nv/rtHz)

100
15

10

10
0 dB Gain 5

0.001 0.01 0.1 1 10 100

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40
FREQUENCY (MHz) PROGRAMMED GAIN (dB)

Figure 22. Transient Behavior,

Figure 21. Sideband Rejection vs. Gain 10 MHz, 6 dB Gain Increase
IF/BASEBAND PROCESSING - SMT

75 0.4
6 dB gain increase
0.3
70 1 MHz
SIDEBAND REJECTION (dBc)

40 MHz
0.2
65
0.1
OUTPUT (V)

60 0

-0.1
55
-0.2
50
-0.3

45 -0.4
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 4000 4500 5000 5500 6000
PROGRAMMED GAIN (dB) TIME (nsec)

[10] 5 dB Gain step increments

Information furnished by Analog Devices is believed to be accurate and reliable. However, no

For price, delivery and to place orders: For price, 2
delivery, and to place Chelmsford,
orders: Analog MA
Devices, Inc.,
responsibility is assumed by Analog Devices for its use, nor for anyHittite Microwave
infringements Corporation,
of patents or other Elizabeth Drive, 01824
One Technology Way, P.O. Box 9106, Norwood, MA 02062-9106
rights of third parties that may result from its use. Specifications subject to change without notice. No
978-250-3343 tel • 978-250-3373 fax • Order On-line at www.hittite.com
7 license is granted by implication or otherwise under any patent or patent rights of Analog Devices.
Trademarks and registered trademarks are the property of their Application
Phone: 781-329-4700 • Order online at www.analog.com
Application Support: Phone: 1-800-ANALOG-D
respective owners. Support: [email protected]
 HMC960LP4E
v01.1212

DC - 100 MHz DUAL Digital

Variable Gain AmplifieR with Driver

Table 3. Absolute Maximum Ratings

Nominal 5 V Supply to GND Reflow Soldering
-0.3 to 5.5 V
VDDI, VDDQ, DVDD Peak Temperature 260 °C
Time at Peak Temperature 40 µs
Common Mode Inputs Pins
-0.3 to 5.5 V
(CMI, CMQ) ESD Sensitivity (HBM) 1 kV Class 1 C
Input and Output Pins
IIP, IIN, IQP, IQN, OIP, OIN, OQP, -0.3 to 5.5 V Stresses above those listed under Absolute Maximum Ratings may
OQN cause permanent damage to the device. This is a stress rating only;
Digital Pins functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions
SEN, SDI, SCK, SDO, GC[6:0] -0.3 to 5.5 V above those indicated in the operational section of this specification
SDO min load impedance 1 kΩ is not implied. Exposure to absolute maximum rating conditions for
extended periods may affect device reliability.
Operating Temperature Range -40 to +85 °C
Storage Temperature -65 to +125 °C
Maximum Junction Temperature 125 °C ELECTROSTATIC SENSITIVE DEVICE
Thermal Resistance (Rth) OBSERVE HANDLING PRECAUTIONS
(junction to ground paddle) 10 °C/W

IF/BASEBAND PROCESSING - SMT

Outline Drawing

NOTES:
[1] PACKAGE BODY MATERIAL: LOW STRESS INJECTION MOLDED PLASTIC
SILICA AND SILICON IMPREGNATED.
[2] LEAD AND GROUND PADDLE MATERIAL: COPPER ALLOY.
[3] LEAD AND GROUND PADDLE PLATING: 100% MATTE TIN.
[4] DIMENSIONS ARE IN INCHES [MILLIMETERS].
[5] LEAD SPACING TOLERANCE IS NON-CUMULATIVE.
[6] PAD BURR LENGTH SHALL BE 0.15mm MAX. PAD BURR HEIGHT SHALL
BE 0.25m MAX.
[7] PACKAGE WARP SHALL NOT EXCEED 0.05mm
[8] ALL GROUND LEADS AND GROUND PADDLE MUST BE SOLDERED TO
PCB RF GROUND.
[9] REFER TO HITTITE APPLICATION NOTE FOR SUGGESTED PCB LAND
PATTERN.

Package Information
Part Number Package Body Material Lead Finish MSL Rating [2] Package Marking [1]
H960
HMC960LP4E RoHS-compliant Low Stress Injection Molded Plastic 100% matte Sn MSL1
XXXX
[1] 4-Digit lot number XXXX
[2] Max peak reflow temperature of 260 °C

Information furnished by Analog Devices is believed to be accurate and reliable. However, no

For price, delivery and to place For price, 2
delivery, and to place Chelmsford,
orders: Analog MA
Devices, Inc.,
responsibility is assumed by Analog Devices for its use,orders:
nor for any Hittite Microwave
infringements Corporation,
of patents or other Elizabeth Drive, 01824
One Technology Way, P.O. Box 9106, Norwood, MA 02062-9106
rights of third parties that may result from its use. Specifications subject to change without notice. No
978-250-3343 tel • 978-250-3373 fax • Order
license is granted by implication or otherwise under any patent or patent rights of Analog Devices.
On-line
Phone: at www.hittite.com
781-329-4700 • Order online at www.analog.com 8
Trademarks and registered trademarks are the property of their Application Application Support: Phone: 1-800-ANALOG-D
respective owners. Support: [email protected]
 HMC960LP4E
v01.1212

DC - 100 MHz DUAL Digital

Variable Gain AmplifieR with Driver

Table 4. Pin Descriptions

Pin Number Function Description Interface Schematic

1 CMQ Quadrature (Q) channel output common mode level

Quadrature (Q) channel positive and negative differential

2, 3 OQN, OQP
outputs

Gain Control Input Pins

Gain is defined as:
GC[6:0] = 0d —> Gain = 0 dB
IF/BASEBAND PROCESSING - SMT

GC[6:0] = 1d —> Gain = 0.5 dB

4 - 10 GC[6:0]
GC[6:0] = 2d —> Gain = 1 dB

GC[6:0] = 79d —> Gain = 39.5 dB

GC[6:0] = 80d —> Gain = 40 dB

11 DVDD Digital 5V Supply. Must be locally decoupled to GND.

12, 14, 15 SCLK, SDI, SEN SPI Data clock, data input and enable respectively.

13 SDO SPI Data Output

Inphase (I) channel negative and positive differential

16, 17 OIP, OIN
outputs respectively

18 CMI Inphase (I) channel output common mode level

Information furnished by Analog Devices is believed to be accurate and reliable. However, no

For price, delivery and to place orders: For price, 2
delivery, and to place Chelmsford,
orders: Analog MA
Devices, Inc.,
responsibility is assumed by Analog Devices for its use, nor for anyHittite Microwave
infringements Corporation,
of patents or other Elizabeth Drive, 01824
One Technology Way, P.O. Box 9106, Norwood, MA 02062-9106
rights of third parties that may result from its use. Specifications subject to change without notice. No
978-250-3343 tel • 978-250-3373 fax • Order On-line at www.hittite.com
9 license is granted by implication or otherwise under any patent or patent rights of Analog Devices.
Trademarks and registered trademarks are the property of their Application
Phone: 781-329-4700 • Order online at www.analog.com
Application Support: Phone: 1-800-ANALOG-D
respective owners. Support: [email protected]
 HMC960LP4E
v01.1212

DC - 100 MHz DUAL Digital

Variable Gain AmplifieR with Driver

Table 4. Pin Descriptions (Continued)

Pin Number Function Description Interface Schematic

Inphase (I) channel positive and negative differential

19, 20 IIP, IIN
inputs respectively

Inphase (I) Channel 5 V Supply. Must be locally decoupled

21 VDDI
to GND
Quadrature (Q) Channel 5 V Supply. Must be locally
22 VDDQ
decoupled to GND

Quadrature (Q) channel negative and positive differential

23, 24 IQN, IQP
inputs respectively

IF/BASEBAND PROCESSING - SMT

Information furnished by Analog Devices is believed to be accurate and reliable. However, no

For price, delivery and to place For price, 2
delivery, and to place Chelmsford,
orders: Analog MA
Devices, Inc.,
responsibility is assumed by Analog Devices for its use,orders:
nor for any Hittite Microwave
infringements Corporation,
of patents or other Elizabeth Drive, 01824
One Technology Way, P.O. Box 9106, Norwood, MA 02062-9106
rights of third parties that may result from its use. Specifications subject to change without notice. No
978-250-3343 tel • 978-250-3373 fax • Order
license is granted by implication or otherwise under any patent or patent rights of Analog Devices.
On-line
Phone: at www.hittite.com
781-329-4700 • Order online at www.analog.com 10
Trademarks and registered trademarks are the property of their Application Application Support: Phone: 1-800-ANALOG-D
respective owners. Support: [email protected]
 HMC960LP4E
v01.1212

DC - 100 MHz DUAL Digital

Variable Gain AmplifieR with Driver

Evaluation PCB
IF/BASEBAND PROCESSING - SMT

The circuit board used in the application should use RF circuit design techniques. Signal lines should have 50 Ohms
impedance while the package ground leads and exposed paddle should be connected directly to the ground plane
similar to that shown. A sufficient number of via holes should be used to connect the top and bottom ground planes.
The evaluation circuit board shown is available from Hittite upon request.

Table 5. Evaluation Order Information

Item Contents Part Number
Evaluation PCB Only HMC960LP4E Evaluation PCB 131109-HMC960LP4E
HMC960LP4E Evaluation PCB
USB Interface Board
Evaluation Kit 131191-HMC960LP4E
6’ USB A Male to USB B Female Cable
CD ROM (Contains User Manual, Evaluation PCB Schematic, Evaluation Software)

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rights of third parties that may result from its use. Specifications subject to change without notice. No
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11 license is granted by implication or otherwise under any patent or patent rights of Analog Devices.
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Application Support: Phone: 1-800-ANALOG-D
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 HMC960LP4E
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Evaluation Setup

IF/BASEBAND PROCESSING - SMT

HMC960LP4E Application Information
The wide bandwidth, large dynamic range, and excellent noise-linearity trade-off make the HMC960LP4E ideal for
Automatic Gain Control applications in the baseband section of a direct down-conversion receiver. Matched dual
amplifier design provides excellent gain and phase balance between the two channels. Externally controlled common
mode voltage, and SPI programmable input impedance simplify the interface between the HMC960LP4E and other
components in the signal path. The HMC960LP4E can be cascaded with HMC900LP5E without the need of any
matching circuitry. Together, these two components provide a complete baseband line-up that can directly drive
ADC’s such as the 12-bit, dual channel, 320 MSPS HMCAD1520.

Figure 1. Typical Receive Path Block Diagram Showing HMC960LP4E

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 HMC960LP4E
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Theory of Operation
The HMC960LP4E consists of the following functional blocks
1. Input Match & Gain Stage
2. Second Gain Stage
3. Output Driver & Gain Stage
4. Bias Circuit
5. Serial Port Interface
6. Parallel Port Interface

Input Match & Gain Stage

The HMC960LP4E input stage consists of a user selectable 100 Ω or 400 Ω differential input impedance and a
programmable gain of 0, 10 or 20 dB. A block diagram showing input impedance of the I channel is presented below,
Q channel is similar.
IF/BASEBAND PROCESSING - SMT

Figure 2. Input Stage Block Diagram

Second Gain Stage

The HMC960LP4E second stage consists of a series of carefully scaled resistors to generate up to 10 dB of gain in 0.5
dB steps. The gain step is fully determined by resistor ratios and as such the gain precision is relatively independent
of both temperature and process variation.

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13 license is granted by implication or otherwise under any patent or patent rights of Analog Devices.
Trademarks and registered trademarks are the property of their Application
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Application Support: Phone: 1-800-ANALOG-D
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 HMC960LP4E
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Output Driver & Gain Stage

The HMC960LP4E output driver consists of a differential class AB driver which is designed to drive typical ADC loads
directly or can drive up to 200 Ω in parallel with 50 pF to AC ground per differential output. The stage provides a
programmable 0 dB or 10 dB gain via switched resistors. Note that the output common mode of the driver is controlled
directly via an input pin and can be set as per “Table 1. Electrical Specifications”.

IF/BASEBAND PROCESSING - SMT

Figure 3. Output Driver Block Diagram

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 HMC960LP4E
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Gain Decode Logic

The decode logic automatically allocates gain to the three stages so as to minimize output noise and optimize noise
figure. Without using decode logic gain can be allocated arbitrarily, as shown in Table 11. Decode logic gain allocation,
shown in Figure 4, can be controlled via the parallel port or the SPI, and reflects gain control shown in Table 10.
IF/BASEBAND PROCESSING - SMT

Figure 4. Decode Logic Gain Allocation

Bias Circuit
A band gap reference circuit generates the reference currents used by the different sections. The bias circuit is
enabled or disabled as required with the I or Q channel as appropriate.

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 HMC960LP4E
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Serial Port Interface

The HMC960LP4E features a four wire serial port for simple communication with the host controller. Typical serial port
operation can be run with SCK at speeds up to 30 MHz.
The details of SPI access for the HMC960LP4E is provided in the following sections. Note that the READ operation
below is always preceded by a WRITE operation to Register 0 to define the register to be queried. Also note that
every READ cycle is also a WRITE cycle in that data sent to the SPI while reading the data will also be stored by the
HMC960LP4E when SEN goes high. If this is not desired then it is suggested to write to Register 0 during the READ
operation so that the status of the device will be unaffected.

Power on Reset and Soft Reset

The HMC960LP4E has a built in Power On Reset (POR) and a serial port accessible Soft Reset (SR). POR is
accomplished when power is cycled for the HMC960LP4E while SR is accomplished via the SPI by writing 20h to
Reg 0h followed by writing 00h to Reg 0h. All chip registers will be reset to default states approximately 250 us after
power up.

Serial Port WRITE Operation

The host changes the data on the falling edge of SCK and the HMC960LP4E reads the data on the rising edge.

IF/BASEBAND PROCESSING - SMT

A typical WRITE cycle is shown in Figure 5. It is 32 clock cycles long.
1. The host both asserts SEN (active low Serial Port Enable) and places the MSB of the data on SDI followed
by a rising edge on SCK.
2. HMC960LP4E reads SDI (the MSB) on the 1st rising edge of SCK after SEN.
3. HMC960LP4E registers the data bits, D23:D0, in the next 23 rising edges of SCK (total of 24 data bits).
4. Host places the 5 register address bits, A4:A0, on the next 5 falling edges of SCK (MSB to LSB) while the
HMC960LP4E reads the address bits on the corresponding rising edge of SCK.
5. Host places the 3 chip address bits, CA2:CA0=[110], on the next 3 falling edges of SCK (MSB to LSB). Note
the HMC960LP4E chip address is fixed as “6d” or “110b”.
6. SEN goes from low to high after the 32th rising edge of SCK. This completes the WRITE cycle.
7. HMC960LP4E also exports data back on the SDO line. For details see the section on READ operation.

Serial Port READ Operation

The SPI can read from the internal registers in the chip. The data is available on SDO pin. This pin itself is tri-stated
when the device is not being addressed. However when the device is active and has been addressed by the SPI
master, the HMC960LP4E controls the SDO pin and exports data on this pin during the next SPI cycle.
HMC960LP4E changes the data to the host on the rising edge of SCK and the host reads the data from HMC960LP4E
on the falling edge.
A typical READ cycle is shown in Figure 5. Read cycle is 32 clock cycles long. To specifically read a register, the
address of that register must be written to dedicated Reg 0h. This requires two full cycles, one to write the
required address, and a 2nd to retrieve the data. A read cycle can then be initiated as follows;
1. The host asserts SEN (active low Serial Port Enable) followed by a rising edge SCK.
2. HMC960LP4E reads SDI (the MSB) on the 1st rising edge of SCK after SEN.
3. HMC960LP4E registers the data bits in the next 23 rising edges of SCK (total of 24 data bits). The LSBs of
the data bits represent the address of the register that is intended to be read.
4. Host places the 5 register address bits on the next 5 falling edges of SCK (MSB to LSB) while the HMC960LP4E
reads the address bits on the corresponding rising edge of SCK. For a read operation this is “00000”.

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 HMC960LP4E
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5. Host places the 3 chip address bits <110> on the next 3 falling edges of SCK (MSB to LSB). Note the
HMC960LP4E chip address is fixed as “6d” or “110b”.
6. SEN goes from low to high after the 32nd rising edge of SCK. This completes the first portion of the READ
cycle.
7. The host asserts SEN (active low Serial Port Enable) followed by a rising edge SCK.
8. HMC960LP4E places the 24 data bits, 5 address bits, and 3 chip id bits, on the SDO, on each rising edge of
the SCK, commencing with the first rising edge beginning with MSB.
9. The host de-asserts SEN (i.e. sets SEN high) after reading the 32 bits from the SDO output. The 32 bits
consists of 24 data bits, 5 address bits, and the 3 chip id bits. This completes the read cycle.
Note that the data sent to the SPI during this portion of the READ operation is stored in the SPI when
SEN is de-asserted. This can potentially change the state of the HMC960LP4E. If this is undesired it is
recommended that during the second phase of the READ operation that Reg 0h is addressed with either the
same address or the address of another register to be read during the next cycle.
IF/BASEBAND PROCESSING - SMT

Figure 5. SPI Timing Diagram

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 HMC960LP4E
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DVDD = 5 V ±10%, GND = 0 V

Table 6. Main SPI Timing Characteristics

Parameter Conditions Min Typ Max Units

t1 SDI to SCK Setup Time 8 nsec

t2 SDI to SCK Hold Time 8 nsec

t3 SCK High Duration [1] 10 nsec

t4 SCK Low Duration 10 nsec

t5 SEN Low Duration 20 nsec

t6 SEN High Duration 20 nsec

t7 SCK to SEN [2] 8 nsec

t8 SCK to SDO out [3] 8 nsec

[1] The SPI is relatively insensitive to the duty cycle of SCK.

[2] SEN must rise after the 32nd falling edge of SCK but before the next rising SCK edge. If SCK is shared amongst several devices this timing must be
respected.

[3] Typical load to SDO is 10 pF, maximum 20 pF

IF/BASEBAND PROCESSING - SMT

Parallel Port Interface
The HMC960LP4E features a seven bit parallel port to aid in real time gain selection. The dynamic performance of
the parallel port is specified below.

Table 7. Gain Control Parallel Port Timing Characteristics

Parameter Conditions Min. Typ. Max. Units

fSSP Gain control switching rate 20 MHz

tSSP Allowable skew between GC[6:0] input transitions 10 nsec

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 HMC960LP4E
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Register Map
Three registers provide all the required functionality via the SPI port.

Table 8. Reg 01h - Enable Register

Bit Name Width Default Description

[0] VGA_I_enable 1 1 VGA I channel enable bit

[1] VGA_Q_enable 1 1 VGA Q channel enable bit

[2:3] spare 2 0

[23:4] unused 19

Table 9. Reg 02h - Settings Register

Bit Name Width Default Description
IF/BASEBAND PROCESSING - SMT

Opamp bias setting.

00 -- min bias
[1:0] opamp_bias[1:0] 2 01 11 -- max bias
opamp_bias[1:0]=01 recommended for low frequency operation or 10 for
improved linearity for higher frequency operation.

Driver bias setting.

00 -- min bias
[3:2] drvr_bias[1:0] 2 01 11 -- max bias
drvr_bias[1:0]=10 recommended (characterized on recommended setting
only)

Input impedance setting:

[4] Rin_50ohm_select 1 1 0: Rin of 200 ohms selected
1: Rin of 50 ohms selected

Source of Gain Control Input

[5] Gain_Control_from_SPI 1 0 0: Gain control taken from parallel port (pins)
1: Gain control taken from SPI register 3

Bypass gain decoder

0: Decoded gain taken from register 3, bits <8:0>
[6] Gain_Decode_Disable 1 0
1: Undecoded gain taken from register 3, bits <8:0>
(SPI gain control must be selected)

Bypass gain deglitcher

0: Gain control deglitching active
[7] Gain_Deglitching_Disable 1 0
1: Gain control deglitching disabled
(applies to SPI and parallel port gain control)

[23:8] unused

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 HMC960LP4E
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Table 10. Reg 03h - Gain Control Register WHEN USING decode logic [1][2]
Bit Name Width Default Description

Reg 02h[5]=1 and Reg 02h[6]=0

(i.e. SPI gain control & gain decode enabled)

gain[6:0] defines teh VGA channel I and Q gain of 0-40dB as follows...

0000000 - 0 dB, minimum gain setting
0000001 - 0.5 dB gain
0000010 - 1.0 dB gain
[6:0] gain[6:0] 7 0000000
...
1001110 - 39 dB gain
1001111 - 39.5 dB gain
1010000 - 40 dB, maximum gain setting

Reg 02h[5] = 1 and Reg 02h[6] = 1

(i.e. SPI gain control & gain decode bypassed)

[23:7] unused

IF/BASEBAND PROCESSING - SMT

Table 11. Reg 03h - Gain Control Register, WHEN NOT using decode logic [3][4]
Bit Name Width Default Description

gain[8:0] define the VGA I and Q channel gain when Reg 02h[5] = 1 and
Reg 02h[6] = 1 (i.e. SPI gain control and gain decode bypassed)

Generally the first 4 bits control the 1st and 3rd stage while the last 5
bits control the 2nd stage gain.
x001nnnnn - 1st stage set to 0 dB
x010nnnnn - 1st stage set to 10 dB
x100nnnnn - 1st stage set to 20 dB
[8:0] gain[8:0] 9 000000000
0xxxnnnnn - 3rd stage set to 0 dB
1xxxnnnnn - 3rd stage set to 10 dB

xxxxnnnnn - 2nd stage set as follows:

nnnnn = 00000 - set to 0 dB
nnnnn = 00001 - set to 0.5 dB
nnnnn = 10011 - set to 9.5 dB
nnnnn = 10100 - set to 10 dB

[23:9] unused

[1] Reg 03h bit assignment depends on the setting of bits 5 and 6 in Reg 02h. If Reg 02h[5]=0, then all Reg 03h bits are ignored (parallel port selected)
[2] For Reg 02h[5]=1 and Reg 02h[6]=0, gain control is via an SPI register with decode, and Reg 03h[6:0] are used as follows.
[3] Note that the Parallel Port gain logic always uses the gain decode logic, and therefore the bit encoding is the same as Reg 03h - Gain Control
Register WHEN USING decode logic.
[4] For Reg 02h[5]=1 and Reg 02h[6]=1, gain control is via an SPI register without decode, and Reg 03h[6:0] are used as follows.

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