Department of Mechanical Engineering

NIE Institute of Technology, Mysuru – 18

(Approved by AICTE. New Delhi and affiliated to VTU, Belagavi)
No. 50 (part), Hootagalli Industrial Area, Koorgalli , Mysuru – 570018
Course: Basic Thermodynamics Numerical Problems Course Code: 18ME33
Course Instructor: Mr. Ravishankar M D Sep 2021 – Jan 2022
Module: I - Temperature & Temperature Scales
1. A certain thermometer is calibrated using ice & steam points as fixed points & designating them as
0°C and 100°C respectively. The thermometric function chosen to establish the scale is
𝑇 = 𝑎 ln 𝑋 + 𝑏.
a. Determine the constants ‘a’ & ‘b’ in terms of Xs and Xi
ln(𝑋⁄ )
b. Show that the new scale is given by 𝑇 = 100 (ln(𝑋𝑠 𝑋𝑖 ))
⁄𝑋𝑖
2. The temperature ‘t’ on a thermometric scale is defined in terms of a property ‘K’ by the relation
𝑡 = 𝑎 ln 𝐾 + 𝑏 where ‘a’ & ‘b’ are constants. The values of ‘K’ are found to be 1.83 & 6.78 at ice
point & steam point respectively, which are 0°C & 100°C. Determine the temperature corresponding
to a value of K = 2.42 on the thermometer.
3. A constant volume gas thermometer containing helium gas gives readings of a gas pressure ‘P’ of 1000
& 1366mm of Hg at ice & steam point respectively. Express the gas thermometer Celsius temperature
in terms of gas pressure ‘P’. What is the temperature recorded by the thermometer when it registers a
pressure of 1074 mm of Hg. Assume the relationship between the temperature and pressure to be in
the form 𝑡 = 𝑎 + 𝑏𝑃, where ‘a’ and ‘b’ constants.
4. The temperature ‘t’ on the thermometer scale is defined in terms of a property ‘P’ by the relation
‘𝑡 = 𝑎 ln 𝑃 + 𝑏’ where ‘a’ and ‘b’ are constants. The temperature at ice & steam points are assigned
the numbers 0 & 100 respectively. Experiments give the value of ‘P’ as 1.86 & 6.81 at ice & steam
points respectively. Evaluate the temperature corresponding to a reading of P=2.5 on the thermometer.
5. The reading tA & tB of Celsius thermometer A & B at ice point & steam point are related by the equation
tA = l+mtB+ntB2 between these two points, where l, m, & n are constants. When both are immersed in
an oil bath tA = 55°C & tB = 50°C. Determine the values of l, m, & n and also find the readings on
‘A’ if ‘B’ reads 25°C.
6. The emf of a thermocouple is given by the relation ∈= 𝛼𝑡 + 𝛽𝑡 2 where ε is in mV & α = 0.2 and
β = -5×10−4. Calculate the emf when t = - 100°C and 200° C.
7. A thermocouple is derived to measure emf with the assistance of test and reference junctions using the
relation ∈= 0.45𝑡 − 6.75 × 10−4 𝑡 2 mV. The ice and steam points based on Celsius scale is calibrated
using mV meter. What will be the value of temperature recorded in the thermocouple, when the gas
thermometer reads 75°C?
8. The resistance of windings of an electric motor at room temperature, 25°C and at unknown temperature
are 75Ω and 90 Ω respectively at full load steady state condition. The windings are made of copper
with temperature t°C is given by R = R0(1+0.0075t), where t – temperature in °C and R0 – resistance
at 0°C, calculate the temperature for the corresponding values of resistance at full load conditions.
9. A centigrade and Fahrenheit thermometers are simultaneously dipped in a fluid, where in the numerical
reading recorded in both thermometers are identical. Express the value of temperature in K and R
scales. Also identify the value of temperature that seems to be identical on both thermometers.
10. A centigrade and Fahrenheit thermometers are simultaneously immersed in a fluid, where in the
temperature on Fahrenheit scale is double the temperature on °C scale. Evaluate the temperature in
K & R scales also.

Page 1 of 8
 Department of Mechanical Engineering
NIE Institute of Technology, Mysuru – 18
(Approved by AICTE. New Delhi and affiliated to VTU, Belagavi)
No. 50 (part), Hootagalli Industrial Area, Koorgalli , Mysuru – 570018
Course: Basic Thermodynamics Numerical Problems Course Code: 18ME33
Course Instructor: Mr. Ravishankar M D Sep 2021 – Jan 2022
11. The thermometric property ‘L’ indicating the length of mercury column in a glass thermometer, where
the values of the same are 7.5 cm and 52.5 cm respectively based on Fahrenheit scale on the ice and
steam points. The thermometric property varies linearly with temperature. Taking the values of
thermometric property, calculate the value of temperature when general temperature is 100 units.
Take the relation t = a+bL2.
12. The thermometric property ‘X’ that refers to the length of the mercury column in a glass thermometer,
possess the values 15 cm and 60 cm respectively at ice and steam points, based on absolute scale.
What will be the reading on absolute scale, if the general temperature reading is 300 K. Assume the
temperature equation t=aX2+b.
13. Sir Isaac Newton proposed a linear temperature scale where in the ice point & the normal human body
temperatures were assumed as the two fixed points and assigned 0° and 12° respectively. If the
temperature of human body on the Fahrenheit scale is 98°F and on the Celsius scale is 36.67°C, obtain
the relation between the newton & Fahrenheit scales, similarly between newton & Celsius scales.
14. A thermometer is calibrated at 0° mark with boiling point of carbon tetrachloride and 100° degree
mark with melting point of lead. When used to measure temperatures the device indicates 16°. Carbon
tetrachloride boils at 76.75°C and lead melts at 327°C. Convert reading of the deice equivalent to
reading on Celsius scale.
15. The emf in a thermocouple with test junction at ice point is given by ∈= 0.2𝑡 − 5 × 10−4 𝑡 2 mV.
The mV meter is calibrated at ice point and steam point. What will this thermometer reads in a place
where a gas thermometer reads 50°C?
Module: II – Work & Heat
16. A balloon of flexible material initially folded and completely flat is to be filled with the gas from a
storage bottle until its volume is 0.9m3. Determine the work done by the system comprising of the gas
in the bottle, given that the balloon is light and requires no stretching. Assume the P atm = 1.013 bar.
Sketch the system before and after the process.
17. The system containing a mass of 1.5 kg has an initial pressure of 0.1 MPa & a final pressure of 0.7
MPa. The density of the working substance is 1.16 kg/m3. Determine the work done when the system
undergoes a process i) Pv = constant ii) Pv1.4 = constant.
18. A vessel contains 0.12 m3 of air at 1.05bar & 90°C. The gas is compressed to a volume of 0.03 m3.
According to the law Pvn = constant. Final pressure is 5.88 bar. Find the value of the index ‘n’ and
work done during the compression process.
19. A spherical balloon has a diameter of 20 cm and contains air at a pressure of 1.5 bar. The diameter of
the balloon increases to 30 cm in a certain process in which P α D. Calculate the work done by the air
inside the balloon.
20. In a piston and cylinder arrangement undergoing a non-flow process the relation between P & V is
200
given by V = m3, where ‘P’ is in N/m2. Find the work done when the pressure increases from 1 bar
𝑃
to 10 bar. Also indicate whether the work is done on the system or by the system.
21. A piston of an oil engine of area 0.0045 m2 moves downwards 75 mm drawing in 0.0028 m3 of fresh
air from the atmosphere. The pressure in the cylinder is uniform during the process at 80 kPa, when

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 Department of Mechanical Engineering
NIE Institute of Technology, Mysuru – 18
(Approved by AICTE. New Delhi and affiliated to VTU, Belagavi)
No. 50 (part), Hootagalli Industrial Area, Koorgalli , Mysuru – 570018
Course: Basic Thermodynamics Numerical Problems Course Code: 18ME33
Course Instructor: Mr. Ravishankar M D Sep 2021 – Jan 2022
the Patm = 101.325 kPa. The difference being due to flow resistance in the induction coil & the inlet
valve. Estimate the displacement work done by the air finally on the cylinder.
22. A diesel engine piston which has an area of 45 cm2 moves 50 cm during the part of suction stroke,
while 300cm3 of fresh air is drawn in from the atmosphere. The pressure in the cylinder during suction
stroke is 0.9×105 N/m2 & the atmospheric pressure 1.013×105 N/m2. The difference between the
suction & the atmospheric pressure is accounted for flow resistance in the suction pipe & the inlet
valve. Find the net work done during the process.
23. Determine the work done by air which enters into an evacuated vessel from atmosphere when the valve
is opened. The atmospheric pressure is 1.013 bar & 1.5 m3 of air at atmospheric condition enters into
the vessel.
24. A system consists of a cylinder & piston machine, the external normal load applied to the system is
given by F = (-700+1500L) N, where ‘L’ is the distance in ‘m’ from the closed end of the cylinder to
the piston. How much work is done when the piston moves from L = 1m to L=1.5m. Sketch the P-v
diagram for the process & find the work done.
25. A fluid contained in a horizontal cylinder fitted with a frictionless leak proof piston is continuously
agitated by means of a stirrer passing through the cylinder cover. The cylinder diameter is 0.4 m.
During the stirring process taking 10 minutes the piston slowly moves out through a distance of 0.485m
against the atmosphere. The net work done by the fluid during the process is 2 kJ. The speed of the
electrical motor driving the stirrer is 840 rpm. Determine the torque of the shaft and the power output
of the motor.
26. An electrical resistance wired to the surrounding is placed within a piston cylinder machine. The
current of 5amp is established through a circuit with a drop of 100V across the resistance. At what
speed must the piston move with a constant force of 90 kN to maintain the rate of electrical work
equivalent to displacement work.
27. The gas in a piston cylinder arrangement consists of a spring fitted to piston such that it exerts a force
which is proportional to the displacement from its equilibrium position. Initial conditions of the gas
are V1 = 0.1m3 and P1 = 200 kPa. The ambient pressure is 100 kPa. The gas is heated until the volume
is doubled at which point P2 = 600 kPa. Determine the work done by the gas.
28. A system of volume v contains a mass m of gas at pressure P and temperature T. These properties are
𝑎
related by the equation. [𝑃 + 𝑉 2 ] (𝑉 − 𝑏) = 𝑚𝑅𝑇. Where a, b and R are constants. Obtain an
expression for the displacement work done when the system undergoes an isothermal process from
volume V1 to a final volume V2. Calculate this work for the system which contains 10 kg of this gas
expanding from 1m3 to 10 m3 at a constant temperature of 293 K. assume a = 15.7 × 104 Nm4,
𝑏 = 1.07 × 10−2 m3, and R = 0.278 kJ/kg-K.
29. A perfect gas is undergoing a process in which TαV2/5. Calculate the work done by the gas in going
from state 1 in which the pressure is 100 bar and volume 4m3 to the state 2 in which volume is 2m3.
Also calculate the final pressure.
30. A Cylinder contains 1 kg of a certain fluid at an initial pressure of 20 bar. The fluid is allowed to
expand reversibly behind a piston according to law pV2 = constant until the volume is doubled. The
fluid is then cooled reversibly at a constant pressure until the piston regains its original position; heat
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 Department of Mechanical Engineering
NIE Institute of Technology, Mysuru – 18
(Approved by AICTE. New Delhi and affiliated to VTU, Belagavi)
No. 50 (part), Hootagalli Industrial Area, Koorgalli , Mysuru – 570018
Course: Basic Thermodynamics Numerical Problems Course Code: 18ME33
Course Instructor: Mr. Ravishankar M D Sep 2021 – Jan 2022
is then supplied reversibly with the piston firmly locked in position until the pressure rises to the
original value of 20 bar. Calculate the net work done by the fluid, for an initial volume of 0.05m3.
31. A cylinder piston assembly contain 0.5 grams of gas, as shown. Initially, the piston face at x = 0 spring
exerts no force on piston. As a result of heat transfer, the gas expands, raising the piston until it hits
the stops. At this point the piston location is x = 0.05m, and the heat transfer stops. The force exerted
by the spring varies linearly with ‘x’ according to the equation F = Kx where K is the spring constant
= 10,000 N/m. Take mass of piston = 10 kg, area of piston = 0.0078 m2, atmospheric pressure = 1 bar
and specific internal energy at initial and final states as 214 kJ/kg and 337 kJ/kg respectively.
Determine initial pressure, work done and heat transfer in the process.
32. A 4 mm diameter steel wire, with young’s modulus of material [E] equal to 2.067 × 108 kPa, has a
length of 4 m and is gradually subjected to an axial force of 6 kN. Determine the work done.
Module: II – First Law of Thermodynamics (Non-Flow Process)
33. A fluid system undergoes processes (a-b), (b-c), (c-d) and (d-a) to complete a cycle. During one cycle,
the total negative heat transfer is 84 kJ. The system completes 100 cycles per minute. The energy
transfers are tabulated as below.
Process δQ (kJ/min) δW (kJ/min) dU (kJ/min)
a-b 0 -20945 ?
b-c 20945 0 ?
c-d 2094 ? 37700
d-a ? ? ?
Complete the table showing your method of calculation for each item.
34. To a closed system 150 kJ of work is supplied. If the initial volume is 0.6m3 and pressure of the system
changes as P = 8 – 4V. Where P is in bar and V is in m3, determine the final volume of the system.
35. A fluid system undergoes a non-flow frictionless process following the pressure – volume relation as
5
𝑃 = 𝑉 + 1.5, where P is in bar and V in m3. During the process volume changes from 0.15m3 to 0.05m3
and the system rejects 45 kJ of heat. Determine; i) Change in internal energy ii) Change in enthalpy.
36. A gas of mass 1.5 kg under goes a quasi-static expansion which follows a relationship P = a + bV,
where a & b are constants. The initial & final pressures are 1000 kPa & 200 kPa respectively & the
corresponding volumes are 0.2m3 & 1.2m3 respectively. The specific internal energy of the gas is given
by the relation (1.5Pv - 85) kJ/kg, where P is in kPa & v is in m3/kg. Calculate the net heat transfer in
its magnitude & direction. Also calculate the maximum internal energy of the gas attained during
expansion.
37. A gas undergoes a thermodynamic cycle consisting of the following processes; i) process (1-2);
constant pressure process, P1 = 1.4 bar, V1 = 0.023m3 & W1-2 = 10.5 kJ. ii) Process (2-3); Pv = constant
& U3 = U2 iii) Process (3-1); V = constant & U1 – U3 = -26.4 kJ. a) Sketch the cycle on Pv diagram
b) Calculate the net-work for the cycle in kJ c) Calculate the net heat transfer for the process (1-2)
d) Show that ΣW=ΣQ for the cycle.

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 Department of Mechanical Engineering
NIE Institute of Technology, Mysuru – 18
(Approved by AICTE. New Delhi and affiliated to VTU, Belagavi)
No. 50 (part), Hootagalli Industrial Area, Koorgalli , Mysuru – 570018
Course: Basic Thermodynamics Numerical Problems Course Code: 18ME33
Course Instructor: Mr. Ravishankar M D Sep 2021 – Jan 2022
Module: II – First Law of Thermodynamics (Flow Process)
38. Air flows steadily at the rate of 0.5 kg/sec through an air compressor entering at 7 m/sec velocity,
100kPa pressure, 0.95 m3/kg volume and leaving at 5 m/sec velocity, 700kPa pressure and 0.19 m3/kg.
The internal energy of air leaving is 93 kJ/kg greater than that of the air entering. Cooling water in the
compressor jackets absorbs heat from the air at the rate of 58 kW. i) Compute the rate of shaft work in
kW ii) Find the ratio of the inlet pipe diameter to the outlet pipe diameter.
39. A gas flows into a turbine with an initial pressure of 7 bar, specific volume of 0.2 m3/kg & velocity of
150 m/sec. the corresponding values of pressure, specific volume & velocity at the exit are 3.5 bar, 0.5
m3/kg, 300 m/sec respectively. During the expansion of the gas in the turbine its internal energy
decreases by 92 kJ/kg & the loss due to radiation was 13 kJ/kg. What amount of shaft work is
developed per kg of gas flow?
40. A blower handles 1 kg/sec of air at 20°C & consumes a power of 15 kW. The inlet & exit velocities
of air are 100 m/sec & 150 m/sec respectively. Find the exit air temperature assuming adiabatic
conditions. Take Cp for air is equal to 1.005 kJ/kg-K.
41. A turbine operates under steady flow conditions receiving steam at the following states; P1=1.2 MPa,
T1=188°C, h1=2785kJ/kg, V1=33.3m/s, Z1=3m. The steam leaves the turbine at the following state;
P2=20 kPa, h2=2512kJ/kg, V2=100m/s, Z2=0m. Heat is lost to the surroundings at the rate of 0.29 kW.
If the rate of steam flow through the turbine is 0.42kg/sec. what is the power output of the turbine in
kW?
42. A nozzle is a device used to increase the velocity of a steadily flowing steam. At the inlet to a certain
nozzle the enthalpy of fluid passing through it is 3000kJ/kg and the velocity is 60 m/sec. at the
discharge end the enthalpy is 2762 kJ/kg. The nozzle is horizontal and there is negligible heat loss
from it. i) Find the velocity at the exit section of the nozzle. ii) If the inlet area is 0.1m2 and the specific
volume at inlet is 0.187 m3/kg find the mass flow rate. iii) If the specific volume at the exit of the
nozzle is 0.498 m3/kg find the diameter at the exit section of the nozzle.
43. Air enters adiabatic nozzle steadily at 300 kPa, 200°C and 30 m/s and leaves at 100 kPa and 180 m/s.
the inlet area of the nozzle is 80 cm2. Determine; i) the mass flow rate through the nozzle. ii) The exit
temperature of the air. iii) The exit area of the nozzle.
44. Air enters an adiabatic horizontal nozzle at 400° C with a velocity of 50 m/s. the inlet area is 240 cm2.
The temperature of air at the exit is 80°C. Given that the specific volume of air at inlet and exit are
0.2m3/kg and 1.02 m3/kg respectively. Find the area of cross section of the nozzle at the exit. Assume
that enthalpy of air is a function of temperature only and that CP = 1.005 kJ/kg-K.
45. A turbine operating under steady flow conditions receives steam at the following state;
pressure = 13.8 bar, specific volume = 0.143 m3/kg, specific internal energy = 2590 kJ/kg, velocity =
30 m/s. the state of steam leaving the turbine is as follows; pressure = 0.35 bar, specific volume = 4.37
m3/kg, specific internal energy = 2360 kJ/kg, velocity = 90 m/s. Heat is rejected to the surroundings at
the rate of 0.25 kW and the rate of steam flow through the turbine is 0.38 kg/s. Calculate the power
developed by the turbine.

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 Department of Mechanical Engineering
NIE Institute of Technology, Mysuru – 18
(Approved by AICTE. New Delhi and affiliated to VTU, Belagavi)
No. 50 (part), Hootagalli Industrial Area, Koorgalli , Mysuru – 570018
Course: Basic Thermodynamics Numerical Problems Course Code: 18ME33
Course Instructor: Mr. Ravishankar M D Sep 2021 – Jan 2022
Module: III – Second Law of Thermodynamics
46. An engineer claims to have developed an engine producing 4.5kW power when working between
temperature limits of 1400°C and 350°C, consuming 0.5kg of fuel per hour with a calorific value of
42,000 kJ/kg, comment on the engineers claim.
47. A Carnot engine operates between two reservoirs at temperatures of T1 and T2 K. The work output of
the engine is 0.6 times the heat rejected. Given that the difference in temperature between the source
and the sink is 200°C. Calculate i) the source temperature ii) the sink temperature and iii) the thermal
efficiency of the engine.
48. A series combination of two Carnot engines operates between temperatures T1 and T2 (T1 > T2) show
that; i) The intermediate temperature T is an arithmetic mean of source and sink temperatures, if the
engines produce equal amount of work and ii) The temperature T is the geometric mean of source and
sink temperatures, if the engines have equal cycle efficiencies.
49. Two reversible engines operate in series between a high temperature (T1) and low temperature (T2)
reservoirs. Engine A rejects heat to engine B through an intermediate reservoir T1. Engine B rejects
heat to the low temperature reservoir. Both the engines have same thermal efficiencies. Let work of
engine B be equal to 500kJ, the low temperature reservoir, T2 is equal to 300K and the heat received
by the engine A is equal to 2000kJ. Determine i) Work of engine A ii) Heat rejected by engine B iii)
Temperature at which heat is added to engine B and iv) Temperature at which heat is added to engine
A.
50. Two Carnot engines A & B are connected in series between two thermal reservoirs maintained at
1000K and 300K respectively. Engine A receives 1750kJ of heat from the high temperature reservoir
and rejects heat to the Carnot engine B. Engine B takes in heat rejected by engine A and rejects heat
to the low temperature reservoir. If engine A & B have equal thermal efficiencies determine; i) The
heat rejected by engine B ii) The temperature at which heat is rejected by engine A iii) The work done
during the process by the engines A and B respectively.
51. Two reversible heat engines A & B are arranged in series, A rejecting heat to B through an intermediate
reservoir. Engine A receives 200kJ at a temperature of 421°C from a hot source, while engine B is in
communication with cold sink at a temperature of 4.4°C. If the work output of A is twice that of B,
find i) The intermediate temperature between A & B ii) The efficiency of each engine and iii) The heat
rejected to the cold sink.
52. It is required to produce ice at -4°C from water at 15°C at the rate of 1.4kg/min, using Carnot
refrigerator operating between -5°C and 20°C. Find i) COP of the cycle ii) power input.
53. A house hold refrigerator is maintained at a temperature of 2°C. Every time the door is opened, warm
material is placed inside, introducing an average of 420kJ, but making only small change in the
temperature of the refrigerator. The door is opened 20 times a day and the refrigerator operates at 15%
of ideal COP. The cost of work is Rs. 2/kWh. What is the monthly electricity bill for this refrigerator?
The atmosphere is at 30°C.
54. A heat pump working on Carnot cycle takes in heat from a reservoir at 5°C and delivers heat to a
reservoir at 60°C. The heat pump is driven by a reversible heat engine which takes in heat from a
reservoir at 840°C and rejects heat to a reservoir at 60°C. The reversible heat engine also drives a

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 Department of Mechanical Engineering
NIE Institute of Technology, Mysuru – 18
(Approved by AICTE. New Delhi and affiliated to VTU, Belagavi)
No. 50 (part), Hootagalli Industrial Area, Koorgalli , Mysuru – 570018
Course: Basic Thermodynamics Numerical Problems Course Code: 18ME33
Course Instructor: Mr. Ravishankar M D Sep 2021 – Jan 2022
machine that absorbs 30kW. If the heat pump extracts 17kJ/s from 5°C reservoir, determine; i) the rate
of heat supply from the 840°C source and ii) The rate of heat rejected to the 60°C sink.
55. A house is to be maintained at a temperature of 20°C by means of a heat pump, pumping heat from
the atmosphere. Heat losses through the walls of the house are estimated at 0.65kW per unit of
temperature difference. I) If the atmospheric temperature is -10°C what is the power required to drive
the pump, II) It is proposed to use the same heat pump to cool the house in summer. For the same room
temperature and the same heat loss rate and the same power input, to the pump, what is the maximum
possible atmospheric temperature?
56. A heat pump is used for cooling in summer and heating in winter. The house is maintained at 27°C
year around. The heat loss is 0.5kW per degree difference between outside and inside temperatures.
The average outside temperature is 37°C in a summer and -3°C in winter. Determine the power
requirements for both heating and cooling in kW.
57. A Heat engine with an efficiency of 40% drives a refrigerator with a COP of 4. Determine the ratio of
total heat rejected to the atmosphere to the heat absorbed by the refrigerator.
58. A reversible heat engine operates between two reservoirs at temperatures 700°C and 50°C. The engine
drives a reversible refrigerator which operates between reservoirs at temperatures of 50°C and -25°C.
The heat transfer to the engine is 2500kJ and the net-work output of the combined engine refrigerator
plant is 400kJ. I) Determine the heat transfer to the refrigerant and the net heat transfer to the reservoir
at 50°C. II) Determine the heat transfer to the refrigerant and the net heat transfer to the reservoir at
50°C given that the efficiency of the heat engine and the COP of the refrigerator are each 45% of their
maximum possible values.
59. A heat engine is used to drive a heat pump. The heat transfers from the heat engine and the heat pump
are used to heat the water circulating through the radiators of a building. The efficiency of the heat
engine is 27% and the COP of the heat pump is 4. Evaluate the ratio of the heat transfer to the
circulating water in the radiator to the heat transfer to the heat engine.
Module: III – Entropy
60. A reversible engine takes 1200kJ/min from a reservoir at 700K and develops 200kJ per minute when
executing complete cycles. The engine rejects heat to two reservoirs at 600K and 500K. Find the heat
rejected to each sink.
61. A reversible engine is supplied with heat from two constant temperature sources at 900K and 600K
and rejects energy to a constant temperature sink at 300K. Assuming the engine is developing 84kW
and rejecting 56kJ of heat per second, calculate the heat supplied by each source and efficiency of the
engine.
62. A reversible engine operates between 3 heat reservoirs 1000K, 800K and 600K and rejects heat to a
reservoir at 300K. The engine develops 10kW and rejects 412kJ/min. If heat supplied by the reservoir
at 1000K is 60% of heat supplied by the reservoir at 600K, find the quantity of heat supplied by each
reservoir.
63. A heat engine absorbs 200kJ/s of heat at 227°C and rejects heat at 27°C. Three separate cases of heat
rejection are reported. I) 180kJ/s heat rejected. II) 120kJ/s heat rejected. III) 60kJ/s heat rejected.
Classify each cycle.
Page 7 of 8
 Department of Mechanical Engineering
NIE Institute of Technology, Mysuru – 18
(Approved by AICTE. New Delhi and affiliated to VTU, Belagavi)
No. 50 (part), Hootagalli Industrial Area, Koorgalli , Mysuru – 570018
Course: Basic Thermodynamics Numerical Problems Course Code: 18ME33
Course Instructor: Mr. Ravishankar M D Sep 2021 – Jan 2022
64. Two copper blocks weighing 10kg each are initially at temperatures of 227°C and 27°C respectively.
What is the change in entropy when these two blocks are bought into contact with each other? Assume
specific heat of copper as 0.4kJ/kg-K.
65. 2 kg of water is heated from 0°C to 80°C using a reservoir at 80°C. Find the change in entropy of
water, reservoir and universe. If water is heated first heating it to 40°C using a reservoir at 40°C and
then to 80°C. What is the change in entropy of water, reservoir and universe?
66. A 5kg copper block at a temperature of 200°C dropped into an insulated tank containing 100kg oil at
a temperature of 30°C. Find the increase in entropy of the universe due to this process when copper
block and the oil reach thermal equilibrium. Assume that the specific heat of copper and oil are
respectively 0.4kJ/kg-K and 2.1 kJ/kg-K.
67. An inventor claims to have designed a heat engine, which absorbs 260kJ of energy as heat from a
reservoir at 52°C and delivers 72kJ of work. His claim includes that the engine rejects 100kJ and 88kJ
of energy to the reservoirs at 27°C and 2°C respectively. Verify the claim.
68. One kg of ice at -5°C is exposed to the atmosphere, which is at 20°C. The ice melts and comes into
thermal equilibrium with the atmosphere. Determine the entropy increase of the universe. Take Cp of
ice = 2.093kJ/kg and latent heat of fusion of ice = 334kJ/kg.
69. 0.5 Kg of air initially at 27°C is heated reversibly at constant pressure until the volume is doubled and
is then heated reversibly at constant volume until the pressure is doubled. For the total path, find the
work transfer, heat transfer and change of entropy.
70. 0.12 m3 of air at 1 bar and 120°C is compressed to 1/10th of the original volume and a pressure of 35
bar. Heat is then added at constant pressure until the volume is doubled. Determine the change of
entropy during each of these process. Take Cp = 1.005 kJ/kgK, Cv = 0.7165 kJ/kgK, R = 0.287 kJ/kgK.
71. Water is heated from 25°C to 90°C as it flows at a rate of 0.5kg/s through a tube that is immersed
in a hot bath at 100°C. Calculate heat transfer, entropy change for water, oil bath and universe.

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