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Session 4 - Selection
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Constructs
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Explain IF statement

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Explain IF…ELSE selection construct

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Explain multiple selection statements

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Explain nested IF…ELSE statements
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Explain case construct
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A programmer may come

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Start
across a condition in the Step Step

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program, where the path of

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execution can branch into two Step Step Step

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or more options.
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Such constructs are referred
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Step

to as programming, selection,
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conditional, or branching
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Step
constructs.
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Step Step
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 The IF construct is a basic selection construct.

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 Consider an example where the customer is given a

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discount if purchases of over $100 are made.

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 Each time a customer is billed, a part of the code

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has to check to see if the bill amount exceeds $100.

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 If it does exceed the amount, then it must deduct
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10% of the total amount, otherwise nothing must
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be deducted.
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The pseudocode for the scenario will be as

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follows:

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IF customer purchases items worth more than $100
Give 10% discount

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The general form of an IF statement or construct

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is as follows:

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IF condition

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Statements
CBody of the IF Construct
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END IF
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The example uses the IF construct to find

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whether a number is even or not.

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BEGIN

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INPUT number
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rem = number MOD 2
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IF rem=0
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Display “Number is even”

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END IF
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END
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A flowchart for the

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pseudocode is shown in

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the figure.

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The syntax for the IF statement in C language

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is as follows:

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if (condition)

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{
Statements; C
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}
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 The example shows the pseudocode that would be written in
C.

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/* A C program using the IF construct */
#include <stdio.h>

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void main ()

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{
int number, rem;
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printf (“Please enter a number: ”);
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scanf (“%d”, &number);
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rem=number%2;
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if(rem==0)
{
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printf(“Even Number”);
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}
}
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 The IF…ELSE statement enables a programmer to make a
single comparison, and then execute the steps depending

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on whether the result of the comparison is true or false.

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 The general form of the IF…ELSE statement is as follows:

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IF condition
Statement set1 C
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ELSE
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Statement set2
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END IF
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The syntax for the IF…ELSE construct in C

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language is given as follows:

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if(condition)

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{
statement set1;
} C
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else
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{
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statement set2;
}
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A more efficient code for the even number using the
IF…ELSE statement is shown in the following

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example.

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BEGIN
INPUT number

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rem=number MOD 2
IF rem=0 C
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DISPLAY “Even Number”
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ELSE
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DISPLAY “Odd Number”

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END IF
END
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 The flowchart for the pseudocode is shown:

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 The AND statement can be used in conjunction with

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the IF statement for more than one condition.

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 To classify a supplier as a Most Valuable Supplier

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(MVS), the organization must check that the supplier

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has been with them for the last 10 years.
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 And has done a total business of more than $500000.
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 These two conditions must be satisfied to consider a

supplier as a MVS.
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 The example shows the pseudocode for this scenario.

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BEGIN

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INPUT YearsWithUs

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INPUT BizDone
IF YearsWithUs >= 10 AND BizDone >= 500000

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DISPLAY “Classified as an MVS”
ELSE
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DISPLAY “A little more effort required”
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END IF
END
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The example shows the pseudocode that

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would be written in C.

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/* C snippet depicting the AND operator in IF */
if(YearsWithUs >= 10 && BizDone >= 500000)

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{
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printf(“Classified as an MVS”);
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}
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else
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{
printf(“A little more effort required”);
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}
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Another way to combine two conditions

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without using the AND operator, is by using

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nested IF…ELSE statements.

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A nested IF is an IF statement written inside
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another IF statement.
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 Consider the earlier example to recognize the MVS status of a supplier
rewritten using nested IF.

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BEGIN

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INPUT YearsWithUS

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INPUT BizDone
IF YearsWithUs >= 10

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IF BizDone >= 500000
DISPLAY “Classified as an MVS”
ELSE C
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DISPLAY “A little more effort required”
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END IF
ELSE
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DISPLAY “A little more effort required”

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END IF
END
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 The flowchart for the pseudocode is shown in the figure.

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 The DO CASE…END CASE construct

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is used when a variable is to be
successively compared against

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different values.

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 The DO CASE is known as ‘Switch

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Case’ in C.
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 The syntax in C will be as follows:

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switch (expression)

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{

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case const-expr:
statement set;

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break;
case const-expr:
statement set;
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break;
default
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statement set;
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}
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 Conditions in a program where the path of execution may branch into two
or more options are referred to as programming, selection, conditional, or

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branching constructs.

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 The basic selection construct is an IF construct.

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 The IF…ELSE construct enables the programmer to make a single
comparison and then, execute some steps, based on the outcome.

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 The AND statement can be used in conjunction with the IF statement
C
when more than one condition is to be checked.
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 A nested IF is an IF statement inside another IF statement.
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 The DO CASE construct is used when a variable is to be successively

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compared against different values.

 The break statement breaks out of the switch case construct and
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continues execution at the instruction following the construct.

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