CS16: COMTEMPORARY PHILIPPINE ARTS FROM THE REGIONS 1st Semester

MIDTERM EXAMINATION REVIEWER SY. 2023-2024

LESSON 1: INTRODUCTION TO
CONTEMPORARY ARTS III. TECHNIQUES

I. DEFINITION 1. COLLAGE
- made by adhering flat
- reflection of the world elements
- represents our culture, traditions,
social issues and other aspects of the 2. DECALCOMANIA
present world. - process of applying
gouache to paper or glass
“Art made and produced by artists living
today. Today’s artist work in response to 3. DECOUPAGE
a global environment that is culturally - done by adhering cut-outs
diverse, technologically advancing, and of paper
multi-faceted.”
- J. Paul Getty Museum 4. FROTTAGE
- a technique of rubbing with
II. CHARACTERISTICS a crayon on a piece of
paper that has been placed
1. Contemporary arts is more over an object or an image
accessible.
- can be found anywhere 5. MONTAGE
- materials has no limit - used for photography or film
- use of technology where a pictorial image is
juxtaposed or placed
2. Many contemporary artists are overlapping to make
self-taught. another picture or design
- many artists did not
undergo any formal 6. TRAPUNTO
education - the word “Trapunto” is
derived from the Italian word
3. Contemporary art is collaborative. “to embroider”
- art works created by - a painting technique where
artists and other canvases are padded,
professionals from sewn, and often filled with
different disciplines sequins, beads, shells,
- materials can be buttons, tiny mirrors, etc.
combined
7. DIGITAL APPLICATION
4. Originality is not an issue in - a technique where artist use
contemporary art. digital technology in
- an artist can get another creating an artwork
artist’s work and add to it,
redesign, or
- interpret it using other
materials.
CS16: COMTEMPORARY PHILIPPINE ARTS FROM THE REGIONS 1st Semester
MIDTERM EXAMINATION REVIEWER SY. 2023-2024

IV. STYLES

1. ABSTRACT EXPRESSIONISM 6. FEMINIST ART

- artist applies paint in a - emerged from concerns of
manner that expresses female artists expressed
emotions and feelings in a through art
spontaneous way - tackle issues of identity,
- figures may be heavy in lines sexuality, gender roles,
and color without solid equality, and the ways in
mass which the female is treated in
- EX: East Meets West – Jose society, among others.
Joya, 1983 - EX: The Filipina: A Racial
Identity – Pacita Abad, 1990
2. KINETIC ART
- a sculpture that moves with 7. MINIMALISM ART
the wind - a stripped-down, pre-
- powered by a machine or fabricated look, free of
electricity details and often with flat
- EX: Opera – Gabriel surface but expresses a
Barredo, 2015 specific content or statement

3. OP ART / OPTICAL ART 8. VIDEO ART

- uses lines or images - consists of images that are
repeatedly to create an recorded through a video
optical illusion and viewed through
- EX: Iris – Sergi Delgado television, computer, or
projection screen
4. PERFORMANCE ART - EX: Small Projects (Tromso)
- combines a variety of media
and the human body to 9. GRAFITTI ART
execute an artistic - a drawing, inscription or
theatrical expression sketch done hastily on a
before a live audience wall or other surface made to
- EX: Happyland Princess – be seen by the public
Eisa Jocson, 2019
10. POST-MODERN ART
5. ENVIRONMENT ART - carries modern styles to
- involves the artistic creation extreme practices, often
or manipulation of space expressing an idea
such as landscape or through a mix of materials
architectural design such as found objects
- earthworks, or art using welded together
stones, leaves, trees, grass - EX: Water Bearer – Sandro
or other natural element Chia, 1981
- EX: Agtayabon – Lagoon in
Vargas Museum, 2012
CS16: COMTEMPORARY PHILIPPINE ARTS FROM THE REGIONS 1st Semester
MIDTERM EXAMINATION REVIEWER SY. 2023-2024

11. BODY ART 3. ART ELEMENTS AND PRINCIPLES

- art form that uses the body - This refer to the physical
as the medium or main qualities of the image.
material § The artist uses color,
- can be painted or clothed lines, space and other
and used to perform artistic elements to create visual
act in public images.
- tattooing and piercing are § These are arranged in an
examples of body art organized manner that
- EX: Connected, 2016 observe unity, harmony,
rhythm, or other
12. DIGITAL ART principles of design in a
- done with the aid of creative way.
computer to create an
image or design compose of II. PROCESS
bits and bytes
- image can be printed on 1. ART ANALYSIS
paper, tarpaulin, or other - What you see is, what you write
mediums - constitutes an art description and an
understanding on the content of the
LESSON 2: ART ANALYSIS & artwork
INTERPRETATION
2. ART INTERPRETATION
I. DEFINITION - What you feel & understand is what
you write
1. SUBJECT MATTER - employed by the viewer after
- This is what you see that is describing and analyzing an artwork
depicted in the artwork. - focus is on the expressive qualities,
§ It may be a human form the meaning, theme, mood, or idea
where the figures are - communicated by the artist
engaged in an activity, or
a combination of texture LESSON 3: CONTEMPORARY PAINTING
and color.
§ It may also be a figure I. FINE ARTS REQUIREMENTS
made from found objects
put together or put 1. MATERIAL
together in a coherent § designates the physical element
whole. of art, such as paint, stone, clay,
2. MATERIALS or metal
- This is what the artwork is
made of. 2. MEDIUM
§ It can also be a § a characteristic way of using
combination of objects materials for an artistic purpose
used in the artwork § In architecture and sculpture, it
is genre not medium
CS16: COMTEMPORARY PHILIPPINE ARTS FROM THE REGIONS 1st Semester
MIDTERM EXAMINATION REVIEWER SY. 2023-2024

3. TECHNIQUE 2. employing a selective eye

§ a personal way of using a » The “illusion of reality” is created
medium or material by the elimination of details that
the eye might see. There can be
4. CRAFTMANSHIP “direct piling up of detail to create
§ the skill of doing what can be an impression of the complexity
done in a medium and the ability of the object” or “the suppression
to do it of detail without the loss of
essential traits cannot succeed
II. STYLES unless the artist has observed
his/her subject very carefully”
- It can mean the art produced in a (Feldman, 1981; 153-156).
particular historical period. » EX: The Laughter - Felix
- It can also refer to the art of a nation or a Catarata, 2011
region within a country.
- The growth of a single artist’s way of 2) The Style of Formal Order
working can be referred to as “the - associated with stability and
evolution of style.” permanence
- In addition, style can be a certain - creates works with the characteristics
technical approach to the making of of order in measure, proportion,
art. mathematical relationships,
balance and harmony
FOUR BROAD CATEGORIES OF - A balanced work, in which the
STYLE visual weight is distributed evenly
across the composition, seems
1) The Style of Objective Accuracy stable, makes the viewer feel
- attempts to accurately represent comfortable, and is pleasing to the
what we see in the world around us eye. A work that is unbalanced
- imitate appearance to convey appears unstable, creates tension,
moving drama about human life and makes the viewer uneasy
- combines their representational - The expression of a preference for
skill to create a psychological stability in art, and by implication in
impact the world.

1. detached observer 3) The Style of Emotion

» Artists use this technique as if the - themes of emotion, feeling, and
artworks were made by a reporter romance are common features in
who is observing a subject, or panting
photography using a candid - romanticism and emotion are used
camera. in painting when the artist wishes to
» EX: The Ballet Class (La Classe disclose personal feelings in
de danse) - Edgar Degas, 1871- relation to love
1874 - anxiety and despair in painting
express disappointment,
bitterness, disturbance or
CS16: COMTEMPORARY PHILIPPINE ARTS FROM THE REGIONS 1st Semester
MIDTERM EXAMINATION REVIEWER SY. 2023-2024

uncomfortable feelings and often material or by welding together

look dark and chaotic metal parts to create figures.
- Joy and celebration are displayed - Modelling and assembling are
through vigorous uncomplicated examples of this process.
approach such as depiction of
movement and energy with the visual 3. PROCESS OF SUBSTITUTION
representation of the sun, sky, air, - It is also known as casting.
water, and mountains. Brushstrokes - It involves using a mold to produce
are also used to express sparkle, a 3D figure in another material.
freshness, and abundance - The material should be in liquid form
(Feldman 1981, pp. 186-201). for it to be poured to the mold.
- There are three types of casting:
4) The Style of Fantasy sand– casting, plastic casting, and
- As artists work, they discover a low– wax casting.
variety of possibilities of achieving
form and visual effects, even new II. MEDIUMS
worlds they have not seen before or
will never exist in the real world. 1. STONE
- The artist creates strange forms or - It is a natural medium.
allows himself/herself to experience - It is hard and relatively
creative process that leads to permanent.
fantastic outputs. - Sculptures made from stone tend
- “Fantastic art thus manipulates to last for many years.
illusion and reality.” (Feldman 1981: - Marble is deemed by sculptors as
202-217) the most beautiful stone for
- Illusionism is used in contemporary sculpture.
art to create fantastic images or
substitute real objects for the 2. WOOD
illusionistic treatment of reality. - It a natural medium.
- Wood varies in hardness and
LESSON 4: CONTEMPORARY durability depending on the kind
SCULPTURE of tree it came from.
- The major weakness of wood is
I. PROCESS moisture (which causes it to rot),
fire, and termite.
1. SUBTRACTIVE PROCESS
- It involves removing or cutting away 3. METAL
pieces of the material to form the - It is used for sculpture because of
figure. its three unique qualities:
- It is achieved through the use of tensile strength, ductility, and
special tools like chisels, malleability.
hammers, saws, and grinders. - The two ways by which metal can
turn into beautiful sculptures is
2. ADDITIVE PROCESS through assembling (welding)
- It involves the construction of a and casting.
figure by putting together bits of the
CS16: COMTEMPORARY PHILIPPINE ARTS FROM THE REGIONS 1st Semester
MIDTERM EXAMINATION REVIEWER SY. 2023-2024

a. STAINLESS STEEL - Firing the clay causes the

§ It is also known as moisture to evaporate hardening
Inox Steel. the clay.
§ It is made from a - Clay can be molded into any form
combination of before it is baked.
steel and - The weakness of clay is its
chromium. fragility; it breaks easily.
§ The medium dust
not rust or stain 6. GLASS
when exposed to - These are made by heating and
moisture and water. cooling a combination of sand
and soda lime.
b. BRONZE - Glass may be transparent,
§ It is an alloy of two translucent, and opaque.
elements: tin and - It can be molded into various
copper. shapes and color.
§ Its color is reddish– - Sculptures of glass can be made
brown and will using the following techniques:
corrode if constantly
exposed to water a. Hot Sculpting
and moisture. § Done by using a
metal rod to gather
c. BRASS the molten glass
§ It is an alloy of from the furnace and
copper and zinc shapes it using
that gives it a another tool.
yellowish golden
color. b. Cold Working
§ Brass is more § Done by using cold
malleable than hardened glass.
bronze and has a § This involves
lower melting point. sandblasting,
engraving, polishing,
4. PLASTER (PLASTER OF PARIS) and grinding to
- These are finely ground create the sculpture
gypsum mixed with water and of glass.
poured into a model.
- The material dries quickly c. Glass Blowing
depending on the size of the § Done by gathering
mold. the molten glass
from the furnace
5. TERRA COTTA (COOKED EARTH) using a blowpipe.
- These are baked clay or clay § Air is blown into the
fired in a kiln at a relatively high pipe and shapes the
temperature. glass before it cools
down.
CS16: COMTEMPORARY PHILIPPINE ARTS FROM THE REGIONS 1st Semester
MIDTERM EXAMINATION REVIEWER SY. 2023-2024

7. PLASTIC § It has two

- these are synthetic medium openings, one on
made from organic polymers. each end.
- While plastic is soft, it can be
molded into a form. b. Groin Vault
- Sculptures using plastic are § As structure that is
usually reproductions of the formed by
original work. intersecting arches
results in four
LESSON 5: CONTEMPORARY openings.
ARCHITECTURE § The area at the
center of a groin
I. CONSTRUCTION PRINCIPLES vault is called a bay.

1. POST AND LINTEL c. Dome

- Most houses are built on § A structure with the
this principle. shape of an
- It is the construction system inverted cup.
that makes use of two § It is formed by a
vertical support (post) series of arches
spanned by a horizontal rising from
beam (lintel). consecutive points
- This structure was invented on a base called a
by the Greeks. drum.

2. ARCH 3. TRUSS
- A Roman invention that - A system of triangular
consists of separate pieces forms assembled to form a
of wedge – shape blocks rigid framework.
called voussoirs arranged in - Trusses are used in bridges,
a semi-circle. theaters, and roofs.
- The most important part of
the arch is the keystone 4. CANTILEVER
which is the stone at the top - A structure that makes use
center that locks the pieces of a beam or slab that
together into a single curved extends horizontally into
structure. space beyond its
supporting post.
TYPES OF ARCH - It is constructed to be strong
a. Barrel Vault enough to support floors and
§ A succession of walls.
arches, one placed
directly behind 5. BUTTRESS
another to produce - A structure that is built as a
a structure similar support for the wall.
to a tunnel. - In most European churches
buttress built to support the
CS16: COMTEMPORARY PHILIPPINE ARTS FROM THE REGIONS 1st Semester
MIDTERM EXAMINATION REVIEWER SY. 2023-2024

dome are called flying resulting in a fire resisting solid of

buttresses. great compressive strength.
- It also provides an economical
II. MEDIA OF ARCHITECTURE substitute for traditional materials
and it has the ability to fuse with
a. Stones and Bricks other materials making the
- Stones are favored over other structure stronger.
materials for its durability,
adaptability to sculptural III. PROCESS & CONCEPT
treatment and its use for building
simple structures in its natural - The art of designing buildings and other
state. structures which will serve a definite
- But stone is difficult to quarry, function.
transport, and cut. - Structures would range from simplest
- Stone’s weakness in tension shelter to high rise structures that meet
limits its use for beams, lintels, the demands of modern cities and its
and floor supports. growing population.

b. Lumber (Wood) “Architecture is always about something.

- All parts of a building can be Specifically, it is about values held by the
constructed using wood except people who had it built – their attitudes to life,
the foundations; its major their assumptions of what is real and what is
disadvantages are susceptibility important.”
to fire, mold, and termites. - Alan Gowans
- The strength of wood in both
tension and compression arises
from its organic nature which § Architectural doors, windows, walls and
gives it an internal structure of interior decors are just as important as the
longitudinal and radial fibers that structure itself.
is not impaired by cutting or long § Although they do not require the same
exposure. strength and engineering system, these
parts serve the occupants and should be
c. Iron and Steel aesthetically pleasing from being
- The development of construction functional.
methods using iron and steel was
the most important innovation in 1. DOORS
architecture since ancient times. - It can be made of wood or glass
- These methods provide far combined with metal.
stronger and taller structures with - Wood door surface can be carved
less use of material when with a design to look more appealing.
compared to stone or wood. - The color of the door should match
the motif and color of the interior of
d. Concrete the structure.
- A mixture of cement and water,
with aggregates of sand and 2. WINDOWS
gravel, which hardens rapidly
CS16: COMTEMPORARY PHILIPPINE ARTS FROM THE REGIONS 1st Semester
MIDTERM EXAMINATION REVIEWER SY. 2023-2024

- These are not just openings into a c. MIXED-MEDIA ART - Eredità del
structure. Ventesimo Secolo, 1980
- They serve as a passage of light, air d. PHOTOGRAPHY - Starving
and sound. Child and Vulture, 1993
- Modern windows are usually made of e. DIGITAL ART - Kouhoshi Arts
glass, which are transparent or
translucent. A window composed of KINDS OF VISUAL ART
colored pieces or painted glass
frequently portraying people or 1) REPRESENTATIONAL ART
scenes are called stained glass - objects or subjects from
windows. nature or
2) ABSTRACT ART
3. WALLS - subjects from reality and
- These are usually made of concrete nature but the artists present
reinforced with steel. them in ways different from
- In some cases, bricks or wooden the way they are seen in
panels are mounted on the wall to everyday life
give it texture or a warm and aesthetic 3) NON-OBJECTIVE ART
appeal. They can be padded, painted, - artworks do not represent or
carved, or covered to achieve the depict a person, place or
desired effect. thing in the natural world

4. FOUNTAINS II. TYPES OF INSTALLATION ART

- These are usually located outside a
building but in contemporary art, 1. TECHNOLOGY-AIDED INSTALLATION
architects and engineers have ART
devised ways of installing indoor - It consists of an installation art
fountains, enhanced with lights and piece on which light, video or film
sounds. is projected.
- EX: The Grid – Ohm David, 2015
LESSON 6: VISUAL ART: INSTALLATION
ART 2. PERFORMANCE-INSTALLATION
ART
I. DEFINITION - It is combined with theatre
dance.
- art genres seen by the eye and perceived - Lights & sound
by the mind. - Specific time span
- unmoving, as well as moving images - Requires careful planning
- appeal to visual perception - Light-controlled space
- EX: No Gold: LA Art Show
GROUP UNDER VISUAL ART
3. CONCEPTUAL INSTALLATION
a. INSTALLATION ART - Color ART
Factory ( Chicago ) - It places emphasis on idea or
b. PUBLIC ART - Nanas Hannover ( concept rather than in a tangible
Germany ) art object.
CS16: COMTEMPORARY PHILIPPINE ARTS FROM THE REGIONS 1st Semester
MIDTERM EXAMINATION REVIEWER SY. 2023-2024

- The role of the artist, therefore is

to make people think and reflect
through the use of an art piece as
stimulus.
- EX: Brigada – De Leon Imao,
2021

4. INTERACTIVE INSTALLATION ART

- It allows the viewer to touch, walk
in or through, listen to or interact
with the installation piece.
- Audience’s contribution
completes the meaning of the
installation.
- EX: Mandala - 2014

5. ENVIRONMENTAL INSTALLATION
- It encompasses ecological
concerns and is a celebration of
an artist’s connection with the
beauty of nature, the natural
world, and environment
- Environmental issues or react to
natural disasters and calamities.
- EX: Echoes Within – Roger
Tibon, 2011