Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
Region III`
Division of Nueva Ecija
BARTOLOME SANGALANG NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
St. John, Guimba, Nueva Ecija

Name: Aryan Jovic C. Domingo Score:__________________

ACTIVITY NO. 5

Cell Types and Cell Modifications

INTRODUCTION:

What is your cheek made up of? It is made up of cells just as the skin that covers the earthworm
or the frog or the horse. These cells are grouped based on their types and functions to form
tissues.

I OBJECTIVES:

1. Observe and examine the different type of tissues.

Sample of plant and animal tissues, Microscope, Pencil, and Bond paper for illustration

III. PROCEDURE:

A. ANIMAL TISSUE

1. Use the blunt end of a clean toothpick to gently scrape some cells from the slimy
surface inside of your cheek.
2. Smear the scrapings onto a glass slide and allow it to dry. Be sure to throw away the
toothpick after use. Do not share a toothpick with your groupmates.
3. Place a drop of iodine solution or methylene blue solution on the smear for one to two
minutes. Be careful when working with stains. Avoid contact with skin, clothing, or table
surfaces.
4. Mount the cell on the glass slide
5. Observe your cheek cells under the HPO and the with LPO.
6. Draw the cell and label the parts that you can see under the microscope.
B. PLANT TISSUE
1. Fold back and take out a piece from the outer purple scale leaf of a fresh onion bulb.
Peel off a thin white layer of skin from the inside of the scale leaf with a pair of
forceps.
2. Lay a piece of thin onion skin on a clean glass slide. Add a drop of iodine or methylene
blue solution onto the epidermis.
 3. Carefully place a cover slip over the specimen,lowering it gently to avoid trapping air
bubbles. Observe your specimen under the LPO of the microscope and then with the
HPO.
4. Draw the varying shapes and arrangement of epithelial tissue you can see under the
microscope.

IV. DATA AND OBSERVATIONS: Types of Epithelial Tissues

Epithelial Tissues Structure through which the tissue is

IV. DATA AND OBSERVATIONS: Types of Connective Tissues

Connective Tissues Structure through which the tissue is

IV. DATA AND OBSERVATIONS: Types of Muscular Tissues

Connective Tissues Structure through which the tissue is

V. POST-LABORATORY QUESTIONS:

1. What are the four basic types of Tissues?

- The four basic types of tissues are epithelial tissue, nervous tissue, connective tissue, and
muscle tissue. Each tissue has their specific functions and parts. Starting with epithelial
tissue, epithelial tissue covers the surfaces of the body, including the skin, and lines the
cavities and organs. It serves functions such as protection, absorption, and secretion.
Epithelial tissue is classified into various types based on its shape and arrangement of
cells, such as cuboidal, simple columnar, simple squamous, stratified squamous and
pseudo-stratified columnar. Moving on the second type, the nervous tissue. Nervous
tissues are composed of neurons (nerve cells) and supporting cells called glial cells. It
forms the nervous system, including the brain, spinal cord, and peripheral nerves.
Nervous tissue is responsible for transmitting electrical signals and coordinating various
functions in the body, including sensory perception, motor control, and cognitive
processes. Now for the third type of tissue, it’s called connective tissue. Connective tissue
provides support, protection, and framework for the body. It includes various types of
tissue like loose connective tissue, dense connective tissue, adipose tissue (fat),
cartilage, bone, and blood. The last type of tissue is the muscle tissue. Muscle tissue is
made up of long cells called muscle fibers, enabling both voluntary and involuntary body
movements through contraction. This tissue is distinct from components like tendons or
perimysium. It develops during embryonic myogenesis and responds to signals from
nerve cells, facilitating bodily motion. There are three types of muscle tissues in the
human body, they’re the skeletal, cardiac and smooth muscle tissue. Skeletal Muscles are
attached to bones and responsible for voluntary movements, cardiac Muscle is found in
the heart and responsible for involuntary contractions to pump blood and Smooth Muscle
is found in the walls of organs like the digestive tract and blood vessels, and controls
involuntary movements.
 -

2. Which type of tissue would make up the majority of the brain and spinal cord?

- The type of tissue that makes up the majority of the brain and spinal cord is
nervous tissue. Nervous tissue consists of neurons (nerve cells) and supporting cells
called glia cells. Neurons are the functional units of the nervous system and are
responsible for transmitting electrical signals and processing information, while
neuroglia provide support and protection to neurons. The nervous tissue in the
brain and spinal cord plays a crucial role in various functions, including sensory
perception, motor control, and cognitive processes.

3. Which type of tissue would be found in the epidermis?

- The type of tissue found in the epidermis, which is the outermost layer of the skin,
is epithelial tissue. The epidermis is primarily composed of stratified squamous
epithelium, which consists of multiple layers of flat, tightly packed cells. This
epithelial tissue serves as a protective barrier for the body, helping to prevent water
loss, regulate temperature, and protect against external pathogens and harmful UV
radiation.

4. Which type of tissue would form ligaments, tendons, fat and bone?

- The type of tissue that forms ligaments and tendons is dense connective tissue.
Ligaments, composed primarily of dense connective tissue, connect bone to bone,
providing stability to joints. Tendons, also primarily made of dense connective
tissue, connect muscles to bones, transmitting muscle contractions' force to
produce movement. Fat tissue, on the other hand, is primarily composed of adipose
tissue, a specialized type of connective tissue. Adipose tissue stores energy in the
form of fat cells (adipocytes) and provides insulation and protection. Bone tissue is
yet another type of tissue, specifically osseous tissue, which forms the skeletal
system. It consists of osteocytes embedded in a mineralized matrix of collagen and
calcium phosphate, providing support, protection, and facilitating movement when
coupled with muscles. These diverse tissue types collectively contribute to the
body's structure, movement, and energy storage, ensuring its proper function and
health.

5. Which type of tissue would makes up the majority of the heart?

- The type of tissue that makes up the majority of the heart is cardiac muscle tissue.
Cardiac muscle tissue is a specialized type of muscle tissue found in the walls of the
heart. It is distinct from other muscle tissues in the body, such as skeletal muscle
and smooth muscle. Cardiac muscle tissue is responsible for the involuntary
contractions of the heart that pump blood throughout the circulatory system. These
contractions are rhythmic and coordinated to maintain a continuous flow of
oxygenated blood to the body's tissues and organs. Cardiac muscle tissue contains
 intercalated discs, which allow for synchronized contractions, making it well-suited
for its vital function in the circulatory system.

6. Which type of tissue would be found in the blood vessels and respiratory tract?

- Epithelial tissue is the type of tissue found in both blood vessels and the respiratory
tract. In blood vessels, it forms the endothelium, a specialized lining that ensures
smooth blood flow and regulates vascular functions. The endothelial cells play a key
role in controlling blood pressure and facilitating the exchange of gases and
nutrients with surrounding tissues. In the respiratory tract, different types of
epithelial tissue are present, including pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium
in the upper respiratory tract and simpler epithelial types in smaller airways.

VI. CONCLUSION:

How important is the human body tissues?

Human body tissues are incredibly important because they form the basic building blocks of our
body's structure and functions. They provide support, like connective tissues in our bones and
tendons, and allow us to move. Epithelial tissues line our organs and protect them. Muscle
tissues help us move our bodies and pump blood in our hearts. Nervous tissues transmit signals
and help us think and feel. Additionally, tissues store energy (like fat tissues) and transport
nutrients (like blood tissues). They can also repair and heal when we get injured. In short,
tissues are the essential elements that keep our bodies working and healthy.

Prepared by:

Jayson D. Lazaro,Ph,D.
Master Teacher II