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Tutorial 8

This document discusses probability of error for phase-shift keying (PSK) modulation schemes. 1. For binary PSK with a phase offset φ between the local reference and carrier, the average probability of error is 1/2 erfc(Eb/No cosφ). 2. A variant PSK allocates 10% of power to a carrier. Its probability of error is 1/2 erfc(0.9Eb/No), requiring Eb/No = 7.74 for a 10-4 error rate. Conventional PSK needs Eb/No = 6.92. 3. For quadrature PSK, the overall error is the sum of the in-

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Ahmed Saleh
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34 views

Tutorial 8

This document discusses probability of error for phase-shift keying (PSK) modulation schemes. 1. For binary PSK with a phase offset φ between the local reference and carrier, the average probability of error is 1/2 erfc(Eb/No cosφ). 2. A variant PSK allocates 10% of power to a carrier. Its probability of error is 1/2 erfc(0.9Eb/No), requiring Eb/No = 7.74 for a 10-4 error rate. Conventional PSK needs Eb/No = 6.92. 3. For quadrature PSK, the overall error is the sum of the in-

Uploaded by

Ahmed Saleh
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Passband Data Transmission

PSK
1. A binary signal is applied to a correlator supplied with a phase reference that deviates
from the exact carrier phase by φ radians. Determine the average probability of error
of the system.

2. The signal component of a coherent PSK system is defined by

s (t ) = Ac k sin( 2πf c t ) ± Ac 1 − k 2 cos(2πf c t )


where 0 ≤ t ≤ Tb , and the plus sign corresponds to symbol 1 and the minus sign
corresponds to symbol 0, The first term represents a carrier component included for
the purpose of synchronizing the receiver to the transmitter.
a. Draw a constellation diagram for the scheme described here.
b. Show that, in the presence of additive white Gaussian noise of zero mean and
power spectral density N 0 / 2 , the average probability of error is

1  Eb 
Pe = erfc (1 − k 2 ) 
2  No 
where
1 2
Eb = Ac Tb
2
c. Suppose that 10 percent of the transmitted signal power is allocated to the carrier
component. Determine the Eb / N o required to realize a probability of error equal
to 10-4.
d. Compare this value of Eb / N o with that required for a conventional PSK system
with the same probability of error.

QPSK
3. Let PeI and PeQ denote the probabilities of symbol error for the in-phase and
quadrature channels of a digital communication system. Show that the average
probability of symbol error for the overall system is given by
Pe = PeI + PeQ − PeI PeQ

1
Solution:

Passband Data Transmission


1. The transmitted binary PSK signal is
s1 (t ) = Eb φ (t ) and

s2 (t ) = − Eb φ (t )

2
where φ (t ) = cos(2πf c t ) 0 ≤ t < Tb
Tb

The locally generated basis function at the receiver is


2
φ r (t ) = cos(2πf c t + φ )
Tb
2
= [cos(2πf c t ) cos(φ ) − sin(2πf c t ) sin(φ )]
Tb

The correlator output is


Tb
x1 = ∫ x(t )φ r (t )dt
0

Tb 2 Eb  2 
=∫ cos(2πf c t ) ⋅  cos(2πf c t + φ ) + n(t ) dt
0 Tb  Tb 
= Eb cos φ + W Q sin( 2πf c t ) is orthogonal to cos(2πf c t ) over the bit interval

Following the same procedure in G.22 to G.26, the average probability of error is
1  Eb cos φ 
p e = erfc 
2  N 
 o 

2. a. the constellation diagram is

Tb
Ac k
2

Tb Tb
− Ac
2
(1 − k 2 ) Ac (1 − k 2 )
2

2
b. The signal at the decision input (or the correlator ouput) is
Tb
x1 = ∫ x(t )φ (t )dt
0

= ∫ [si (t ) + w(t )]φ (t )dt


Tb

0
Tb
= ± Eb (1 − k 2 ) + ∫ w(t )φ (t )dt
0

Following a procedure similar to that used for evaluating the average


probability of error for PSK, the new average probability error is
1  Eb 
Pe = erfc (1 − k 2 ) 
2  N 
 o 

c. When Pe = 10 −4 and k2=0.1, we get


1
10 − 4 = erfc(0.9 E b / N o )
2
and then

Eb / N o = 7.74

1  Eb 
d. For a conventional PSK system, we have Pe = erfc  . In this case, we
2  N 
 o 
find that Eb / N o = 6.92 . Thus the conventional PSK system requires less
Eb / N o

3. Since the individual outputs of the in-phase and quadrature channels are statistically
independent, the overall average probability of correct reception is
Pc = (1 − PeI )(1 − PeQ )
= 1 − PeI − PeQ + PeI PeQ
The overall average probability of error is therefore
Pe = 1 − Pe
= PeI + PeQ − PeI PeQ

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