Name ________KEY________

Date ___________

Hour___________

Study Guide on Metric Measurement, Scientific Method, and Graphing Skills

Metric Measurement

1. Name the three basic units of measurement and describe what they measure

1. meter- measures length

2. liter- measures volume

3. gram- measures mass

2. Fill in the metric table with the correct prefix, abbreviation, and number value.

Unit
Kilo Hecto Deca Deci Centi Milli
m
k h da d c m
L
1000 100 10 0.1 0.01 0.001
g
"1"

3. Name the tools you would use to measure the following:

Length meter stick, metric ruler, tape measure

Mass triple beam balance

Volume of a liquid graduated cylinder

4. Write the formula for finding the volume of a solid length x width x height

5. What unit do we use for the volume of a solid? cm3

6. Convert the following:

a. 27 mm =0.000027 km e. 1.7 kg =170000 cg

b. 6340 cm =6.34 m f. 0.46 L =460 mL

c. 58.3 mL = 0.0583 L g. 2493 mg = 0.002493 kg

d. 9.1 cm = 91 mm h. 64.97 dg = 0.06497 hg

7. Artie bought 3 kilograms of sugar. He used 700 grams of sugar on Friday. On Saturday, he used 550
grams. How many kilograms of sugar are left?
 3000 g of sugar - 700 g of sugar used on Friday - 550 g used on Saturday = 1750 g = 1.75 kg

8. The mass of 1 dime is about 3 grams. There are 50 dimes in a roll. Find the mass of 3 rolls of
dimes. 50 dimes x 3 g = 150 g x 3 rolls = 450 g

9. The goal of the city’s department of public works is to repave 10,000 meters of road. It paved 6
kilometers of road in June and 2.5 kilometers in July. How many meters does it still need to repave to
reach its goal? 10,000 m = 10 km - 6 km- 2.5 km = 1.5 km = 1500 meters left to repave

Density
1. Write the formula for finding density

D = mass ÷ volume

2. What are metric units for density? g/cm3 or g/mL

3. What is the density of an object with a mass of 25g and a volume of 5mL? 5 g/mL

4. What is the mass of a gold ring, density 20 g/cm3 that has a volume of 5 cm 3? 100 g

5. What is the volume of a 48 g piece of calcium if its density is 12.0 g/cm 3? 4 cm3

Scientific Method
1. Name the seven steps of the scientific method and define each step.

1. O= OBSERVATION-Using your five senses to interpret or assess a situation

2. Q = QUESTION-Identify and state the problem/inquiry as a question
3. H = HYPOTHESIS-An educated guess, a suggested answer to the problem, you state what you
expect to find out.
4. E = EXPERIMENT-Design an experiment to test your hypotheses. You will need to identify the
following: 1. Materials list 2. Step-by-step procedure — this explains exactly what you do as you
perform the experiment 3. Control— the part of the experiment in which no change has been
made 4. Variable — anything that can be changed in the experiment
5. R = RECORD, ORGANIZE, & ANALYZE DATA (Notice the underlined letters spell “ROAD.”)
This is where you organize your observations and data that you collected as you performed the
experiment. You may use graphs, tables, charts, sketches, diagrams, or short descriptions. This
information is recorded this way so it is easily studied and analyzed.
6. C = CONCLUSION-A summary that answers the question, explains the data, and states whether
or not the data supports the hypotheses
7. A = APPLICATION-How can this knowledge be used in today’s world? With today’s technology?
Can you apply/use this knowledge in a different situation?
 Define the following:

1. Scientific method-The Scientific Method is a step-by-step approach to solving a problem and

getting information.

2. Independent variable-is the variable that is changed by the scientist. To insure a fair test, a
good experiment has only one independent variable.

3. Dependent variable-this variable is how a scientist will measure the change that the independent
variable may cause

4. Sample size-number in an experiment. For example, if we interviewed 30 random students at a given

high school to see if they liked a certain music artist, "30 students" would be our sample size

3. After scientists analyze the results of their experiments, they ____.

A. form hypotheses

B. include a control

C. communicate those results to other people

D. choose the variables they want to test

4. A sample that is treated exactly like the other experimental groups except that the variable is not
applied to it is a (n) ____.

A. observation

B. variable

C. control

D. hypothesis

5. A good way to organize and record your results and observations is ____.

A. in a data table

B. by using a calculator

C. with a balance or spring scale

D. by having a hypothesis before you begin your experiment

6. What characteristic must be true of a good hypothesis?

A. It must be correct.

B. It must have been observed many times.

C. It must involve quantitative data.

D. It must be testable by observation or experiment.

 7. Measurements of the heights of various plants in an experiment are called

A. data

B. inquiries

C. theories

D. Inferences

8. When a scientist shares his or her findings with other scientists, the scientist is

A. Communicating.

B. Experimenting.

C. Hypothesizing.

D. Theorizing.

9. A series of logical steps that is followed in order to solve a problem is called the
A. Experimental process.

B. Scientific theory.

C. Scientific method.

D. Model method.

Graphing
Name three types of graphs and describe when they should be used.

1. Line Graph-These graphs are used to show continual change.

2. Bar Graph -These graphs are used to compare things between different groups or to track
changes over time.
3. Circle Graph (Pie Chart) - these charts are best to use when you are trying to compare parts of a
whole. (Percentages)
2. Describe five things a good graph should contain

1. Title 4. Data (graphed correctly)

2. X-Axis (labeled) 5. Key

3. Y-Axis (labeled)

3. The x- axis is the independent variable.

4. The y- axis is the dependent variable.

Graphing Practice

Directions: Read the passage below and complete the questions to show your
understanding of Jacob’s experiment.

Jacob, a landscaper, wondered if a particular tree would grow better in the sun or in the
shade. Without collecting information or doing much research, Jacob claimed that if he could
limit the amount of sunlight the tree was exposed to, then the tree would grow taller. To test
this idea, Jacob planted 10 trees in a shady area and 10 trees in an area with a significant
amount of sunlight. Over the next several months, Jacob watered and fertilized each tree in
the exact same way. He also took measurements of the tree’s height and averaged them.
The data he took is below.

Average Tree Average Tree

Month Height in the Sun Height in Shade
(centimeters) (centimeters)
April 20 20
May 50 50
June 80 60
July 110 70
August 140 90
September 180 100

1. Underline Jacob’s hypothesis in the story above. In red and underlined above!

2. What is the independent variable in the experiment? Explain your reasoning.

The independent variable is the amount of sum the plant receives (sun/shade)
This is the independent variable because this is what Jacob is changing in the
experiment.
3. What is the dependent variable in the experiment? Explain your reasoning.
The dependent variable is the height that the tree grows. This is the dependent variable
because this is what Jacob is measuring in the experiment to see if the independent variable
makes a difference (sun/shade)

4. Using the grid below, construct a double line graph using the data table above.
Graph both sets of data on the same graph. Make sure your graph has a title,
labeled x & y axis, equal intervals and a key.
 Average Tree Growth in Sunny and Shade Areas

200
180
160
140
120
100 Average Tree Height in the
80 Sun (centimeters)
60 Average Tree Height in
40 Shade (centimeters)
20
0
il ay e ly st r
pr n
Ju u be
A M Ju ug em
A pt
Se
5. According to the graph above do think the data supports Jacob’s hypothesis Why or why
not?

No, Jacob hypothesis is supported by the data. His hypothesis was that if he could limit the
amount of sunlight the tree was exposed to, then the tree would grow taller. The data shows
that the more sunlight the tree receives that taller it will grow.

Use the information from the graph below to answer questions

 CANDY SALES - COSMETOLOGY CLUB
BY THE CASE

0
SEPT OCT NOV DEC JAN FEB MAR

1. Which month had the largest candy sales? December

2. Which months had the same amount of candy sold? November and March

How many cases were sold in each of these months? 2

3. What do the numbers on the y axis represent? Number of cases sold

4. What do the labels on the x axis represent? Months

5. What is the total amount of cases sold from September to March? 27.5 cases
 Favorite Pie
Pumpkin
Apple
Cherry 23%
Pumpkin 30%
Coconut Pecan
Cream 3%
Pecan 8%
Coconut Cream
Cherry
Apple 36%

Answer the following questions using the circle graph (pie chart) above:

1. What is the favorite type of pie? Apple

2. What is the least favorite type of pie? Coconut Cream

3. What is percentage of people who like pumpkin and apple pie? 66%

4. What is the percentage of people that did not pick apple pie? 64%