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Module 2

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Mouli Majumdar
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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
30 views11 pages

Module 2

Uploaded by

Mouli Majumdar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Façade in Architecture:

A historical Review

Façade Design- ARCH 203

Elements of façade and Design Principle 1


CLASSICAL (850 BC-476AD)

• Balance, proportion and symmetry


• Façade characterized by columns,
ornamentation and pediment.
• Trabeated style
• Basic styles/ orders of Doric, Ionic and
Corinthian, Tuscan and composite

Elements of façade and Design Principle 2


BYZANTINE (527-565 AD)

• The façade was decorative and characterized by


arrangement of facing bricks
• Dome that were constructed over square plans
using pendentives.
• Windows were small , grouped together and
formed in the lower portion of the dome that
was later raised upon a drum
• Doors and windows were semicircular headed
though segmental and horseshoe arches were
sometimes seen

Elements of façade and Design Principle 3


ROMANESQUE (850 BC-476AD)

• symmetrical with large central doorway


emphasized with moldings, portico or arched
windows.
• Thick walls , double shelled with small openings
on the façade. Rose windows were also found.
• Vaulted roof, towers and buttresses
• Blind arcades

Elements of façade and Design Principle 4


GOTHIC (12th -16th century)

• Large stained-glass windows


• Gothic stained-glass windows also
frequently feature tracery
• Pointed arches
• Flying buttresses
• Ornate decorative elements

Elements of façade and Design Principle 5


RENAISSANCE(14th -16th
century)

• Use of columns and geometrical shapes


• Return of domes
• Linear perspectives
• Symmetry, proportion and harmony

Elements of façade and Design Principle 6


NEO-CLASSICAL( 1750 AD TO
1920 AD)

• Symmetry, elegant lines, uncluttered


appearance,
• triangular pediments, free-standing
columns,
• balustraded balconies, pronounced
cornices, and grand-scale

Elements of façade and Design Principle 7


ART-DECO( 1925)

• Stepped gables, sculptured panels, ornate


detailing
• Sleek, linear appearance with stylized, often
geometric ornamentation
• Buildings often feature a series of setbacks
that create a stepped outline.

Elements of façade and Design Principle 8


MODERNISM( 1917-1965)

• Functionalism, purified architectural form,


• Clean structure, lack of ornamentation, and
use of new-age materials steel, glass, and
concrete
• Elements of asymmetry.
• Open floor plans and large glass windows.

Elements of façade and Design Principle 9


POST-MODERNISM( 1950-
2007)

• Sculptural forms
• Frequent embrace of bright color,
sometimes in the form of ceramic tiles or
colored glass
• Liberal use of classical ornamental details
taken from past architectural movements,
often mixed and matched in unconventional
ways
• Use of abstraction

Elements of façade and Design Principle 10


PARAMETRICISM( 1997 to
present)

• Blending complexity and variety, thus rejecting


homogenous form
• avoidance of classical architectural characteristics
such as geometric shapes like squares, triangles and
circles, as well as the avoidance of the simple
repetition of elements.

Elements of façade and Design Principle 11

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