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    The IMO Polar Code of Navigation (SANTOS PEDRO)

    Uploaded by

    Meghna Singh
    The document summarizes the development of the Polar Code by the International Maritime Organization (IMO) to provide safety and environmental protection measures for ships operating in polar waters. It discusses: 1) Existing regulations for polar waters under countries' national jurisdictions and the rationale for developing mandatory international measures. 2) Key events that prompted the Polar Code, including the sinkings of RMS Titanic and MS Explorer in ice. 3) The structure and components of the Polar Code, which will require a Polar Ship Certificate and address construction, training, monitoring, and other risk mitigation measures. 4) Challenges of polar waters like ice, temperatures, and remoteness; and keys to the Code's success

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    The IMO Polar Code of Navigation (SANTOS PEDRO)

    Uploaded by

    Meghna Singh
    276 views16 pages
    The document summarizes the development of the Polar Code by the International Maritime Organization (IMO) to provide safety and environmental protection measures for ships operating in polar waters. It discusses: 1) Existing regulations for polar waters under countries' national jurisdictions and the rationale for developing mandatory international measures. 2) Key events that prompted the Polar Code, including the sinkings of RMS Titanic and MS Explorer in ice. 3) The structure and components of the Polar Code, which will require a Polar Ship Certificate and address construction, training, monitoring, and other risk mitigation measures. 4) Challenges of polar waters like ice, temperatures, and remoteness; and keys to the Code's success

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    The document summarizes the development of the Polar Code by the International Maritime Organization (IMO) to provide safety and environmental protection measures for ships operating in polar waters. It discusses: 1) Existing regulations for polar waters under countries' national jurisdictions and the rationale for developing mandatory international measures. 2) Key events that prompted the Polar Code, including the sinkings of RMS Titanic and MS Explorer in ice. 3) The structure and components of the Polar Code, which will require a Polar Ship Certificate and address construction, training, monitoring, and other risk mitigation measures. 4) Challenges of polar waters like ice, temperatures, and remoteness; and keys to the Code's success

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    276 views16 pages

    The IMO Polar Code of Navigation (SANTOS PEDRO)

    Uploaded by

    Meghna Singh
    The document summarizes the development of the Polar Code by the International Maritime Organization (IMO) to provide safety and environmental protection measures for ships operating in polar waters. It discusses: 1) Existing regulations for polar waters under countries' national jurisdictions and the rationale for developing mandatory international measures. 2) Key events that prompted the Polar Code, including the sinkings of RMS Titanic and MS Explorer in ice. 3) The structure and components of the Polar Code, which will require a Polar Ship Certificate and address construction, training, monitoring, and other risk mitigation measures. 4) Challenges of polar waters like ice, temperatures, and remoteness; and keys to the Code's success

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    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    Some of the key takeaways are that the Polar Code is being developed to provide harmonized, mandatory rules for shipping in polar waters given the unique hazards and the need to protect these environments. It aims to mitigate risks through requirements for ship construction, crew experience and operational procedures.

    The sinking of RMS Titanic and MS Explorer prompted important developments in maritime safety. Titanic led to the International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea (SOLAS) and Explorer highlighted the need for mandatory polar shipping guidelines, which became the Polar Code.

    Some of the unique hazards of polar waters include remote locations with limited search and rescue capabilities, various forms of ice, cold temperatures, limited infrastructure and environmental sensitivity with slower recovery from pollution incidents.

    Polar Code:

    Past, Present & Future (?) , ( )


    Arctic Ocean Beyond National Jurisdiction, Fairbanks Alaska

    July 26, 2011 Victor Santos-Pedro

    Overview
    Existing Measures in Arctic waters A tale of two vessels Polar Code development
    Rationale, background and progress to date

    Keys to success Concluding remarks

    Existing Measures in Arctic Waters UNCLOS Article 234


    Canada
    Arctic Waters Pollution Prevention Act

    Russian Federation
    Northern Sea Route Regime

    Denmark/Greenland
    Navigation: Rules & Reporting Baltic Rules

    What do th Wh t d these vessels have in common? l h i ?


    RMS Titanic

    MS Explorer

    B th hit i Both ice. Both sank. p p p p y Both prompted important developments in maritime safety:
    Titanic SOLAS Explorer Mandatory Polar Code

    Requirements in Central Arctic Ocean


    Same as for a vessel in open water elsewhere, elsewhere i.e. SOLAS, MARPOL , etc.

    Rationale for the Polar Code


    No specific mandatory measures exist beyond those for open water navigation Polar regions present unique hazards to navigation, not least remoteness Projected increase in traffic as ice extent decreases and drive for resource exploitation increases p Polar waters considered to be at greater risk - recovery from environmental damage slower due to cold and ice, reliance of native peoples on sea life Recommendation by the Arctic Marine Shipping Assessment (2009) that Arctic states support the updating and the mandatory application of relevant parts of the Guidelines for Ships Operating in Arctic Ice-covered Waters, which incorporate requirements for Polar Class ships.

    Why a Polar Code?


    Polar waters pose particular challenges that th t can b mitigated with appropriate be iti t d ith i t measures:
    Remote, with limited search and rescue capability Ice, in many forms and ages Cold temperatures Limited infrastructure Aids to navigation Pollution response

    Arctic SAR sectors

    H Harmonized, common rules will i d l ill provide greater protection world-wide and simplify life for designers, builders, builders operators and regulators. regulators
    Multi-year ice

    Steps leading to a Polar Code


    1993
    Original Guidelines

    IMO Outside Working Group formed after Helsinki meeting Requirements proposed to IMO for vessel operation in Polar waters Guidelines for ships operating in Arctic ice-covered waters published Include provisions for construction equipment operations and construction, equipment, environmental protection and damage control Construction aspects refer to draft IACS Unified Requirements for Polar Class Ships

    1998 2002

    2006 2007
    Expansion

    IACS Council adopts Unified Requirements World-wide distribution of images of MS Explorer accident and sinking Guidelines updated and expanded to cover all Polar waters (A.1024 (26)) Development of mandatory Polar Code added to IMO work plan

    2009

    2010

    Proposals for ice navigator competencies considered Discussion on mandatory requirements began

    Progress to Date
    Principles guiding Code development:
    Risk-based approach in determining scope Holistic approach to mitigate risks to acceptable levels

    Development and use of an extensive Hazards and Risks list for validating risk mitigation measures p y Hazards and risks provisionally consolidated into four main categories:
    1. 2. 3. 3 4. Environmental conditions High latitude Environmental sensitivity E i t l iti it Human element (e.g. ice, temperatures) (e.g. remoteness, communications issues) (e.g. slow recovery f ( l from d damage) ) (e.g. specialized training and experience requirements, physiological effects of polar conditions)

    Polar Code structure and components


    Structure similar to other recent IMO Codes
    General, Part A (required), Part B (recommended), Part C (guidelines)

    Construction requirements established by reference to IACS Unified Requirements for Polar Class Ships All vessels to require a Polar Ship Certificate to operate in Polar waters t Polar Operation Manual (Permit or Ice Certificate) to contain vessel specific guidance for crew Additional components, e.g. reporting, monitoring, as well as application of specific provisions still to be determined

    Polar Waters

    Arctic waters

    Antarctic waters

    Unified Requirements for Polar Class Ships


    Common set of construction requirements for all IACS members
    (International A (I t ti l Association of Cl i ti f Classification S i ti ) ifi ti Societies)

    Joint effort from class, academia, industry and researchers Hull design requirements are state-of-the-art scenario and mechanics based: Design based on plastic structural behaviour Steel distributed differently Machinery requirements have similar approach to new Baltic Rules No power requirements p q

    Keys to success
    Agreement upon provisions th t mitigate the risks that a vessel is A t i i that iti t th i k th t li likely to encounter, including:
    Harmonization of ship structure and other characteristics through adoption of P l Cl d ti f Polar Classes Requirements for knowledgeable and experienced crew Monitoring and enforcement

    Ability to provide current and accurate ice and weather information Continued development of IACS Unified Requirements based on experience Understanding by operators that remoteness and limitations in infrastructure mean voyages in polar waters require additional planning and preparation

    Concluding remarks
    Current measures do not adequately protect polar waters from shipping activities. pp g Coastal states have introduced own rules as a result. There is a need and work is underway to develop measures that are robust, harmonized, and risk-based. Cooperation and a concerted effort will be required to achieve the desired goal. If not adequate, the rules introduced by various Coastal states will continue.

    Questions please! p

    RDIMS 6873915

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