Cpi 10122023
Cpi 10122023
Cpi 10122023
The index for shelter was the largest contributor to the monthly all items increase, accounting for over
half of the increase. An increase in the gasoline index was also a major contributor to the all items
monthly rise. While the major energy component indexes were mixed in September, the energy index
rose 1.5 percent over the month. The food index increased 0.2 percent in September, as it did in the
previous two months. The index for food at home increased 0.1 percent over the month while the index
for food away from home rose 0.4 percent.
The index for all items less food and energy rose 0.3 percent in September, the same increase as in
August. Indexes which increased in September include rent, owners’ equivalent rent, lodging away from
home, motor vehicle insurance, recreation, personal care, and new vehicles. The indexes for used cars
and trucks and for apparel were among those that decreased over the month.
The all items index increased 3.7 percent for the 12 months ending September, the same increase as the
12 months ending in August. The all items less food and energy index rose 4.1 percent over the last 12
months. The energy index decreased 0.5 percent for the 12 months ending September, and the food
index increased 3.7 percent over the last year.
Chart 1. One-month percent change in CPI for All Urban Consumers (CPI-U), seasonally adjusted, Sep. 2022 - Sep. 2023
Percent change
0.6
0.6
0.5 0.5
0.5
0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4
0.4
0.3
0.2 0.2 0.2
0.2
0.1 0.1 0.1
0.1
0.0
Sep'22 Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep'23
Chart 2. 12-month percent change in CPI for All Urban Consumers (CPI-U), not seasonally adjusted, Sep. 2022 - Sep. 2023
Percent change
9
Sep'22 Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep'23
Table A. Percent changes in CPI for All Urban Consumers (CPI-U): U.S. city average
1 N o t s e a s o n a l l y adjusted.
-2-
Food
The food index rose 0.2 percent in September, as it did in the previous two months. The index for food
at home increased 0.1 percent over the month, after rising 0.2 percent in August. Three of the six major
grocery store food group indexes increased over the month. The index for meats, poultry, fish, and eggs
rose 0.5 percent in September as the index for pork increased 1.6 percent. The index for other food at
home increased 0.3 percent over the month and the index for dairy and related products rose 0.1 percent.
The index for cereals and bakery products decreased 0.4 percent in September, the first decline in that
index since June 2021. The fruits and vegetables index was unchanged over the month, as was the
nonalcoholic beverages index.
The food away from home index rose 0.4 percent in September. The index for limited service meals and
the index for full service meals each increased 0.4 percent.
The food at home index rose 2.4 percent over the last 12 months. The index for cereals and bakery
products rose 4.8 percent over the 12 months ending in September. The dairy and related products index
decreased 0.2 percent over the year. The remaining major grocery store food groups posted increases
ranging from 0.2 percent (meat, poultry, fish, and eggs) to 4.2 percent (other food at home).
The index for food away from home rose 6.0 percent over the last year. The index for limited service
meals rose 6.4 percent over the last 12 months, and the index for full service meals rose 5.1 percent over
the same period.
Energy
The energy index rose 1.5 percent in September after increasing 5.6 percent in August. The gasoline
index increased 2.1 percent in September, following a 10.6-percent increase in the previous month.
(Before seasonal adjustment, gasoline prices rose 0.6 percent in September.)
The index for electricity rose 1.3 percent in September, after increasing 0.2 percent in August. The index
for fuel oil also rose in September, increasing 8.5 percent. The natural gas index decreased 1.9 percent
over the month, following a 0.1-percent increase in August.
Despite the September monthly increases, the energy index fell 0.5 percent over the past 12 months,
with its components mixed. The natural gas index fell 19.9 percent, and the fuel oil index fell 5.1 percent
over the span. The gasoline index increased 3.0 percent over the last 12 months, while the index for
electricity rose 2.6 percent over the last year.
The index for all items less food and energy rose 0.3 percent in September, as it did in August. The
shelter index increased 0.6 percent in September, after rising 0.3 percent the previous month. The index
for rent rose 0.5 percent in September, and the index for owners’ equivalent rent increased 0.6 percent
over the month. The lodging away from home index increased 3.7 percent in September, ending a string
of 3 consecutive monthly decreases.
The shelter index was the largest factor in the monthly increase in the index for all items less food and
energy. Among the other indexes that rose in September was the index for motor vehicle insurance,
-3-
which increased 1.3 percent after rising 2.4 percent the preceding month. The indexes for recreation,
personal care, new vehicles, and household furnishings and operations also increased in September.
The medical care index rose 0.2 percent in September, as it did in August. The index for hospital
services increased 1.5 percent over the month, and the index for physicians’ services was unchanged.
The prescription drugs index fell 0.7 percent in September.
The index for used cars and trucks fell 2.5 percent in September, after decreasing 1.2 percent in August.
The apparel index declined 0.8 percent over the month, and the communication index was unchanged.
The index for all items less food and energy rose 4.1 percent over the past 12 months. The shelter index
increased 7.2 percent over the last year, accounting for over 70 percent of the total increase in all items
less food and energy. Other indexes with notable increases over the last year include motor vehicle
insurance (+18.9 percent), recreation (+3.9 percent), personal care (+6.1 percent), and new vehicles
(+2.5 percent).
The Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers (CPI-U) increased 3.7 percent over the last 12
months to an index level of 307.789 (1982-84=100). For the month, the index increased 0.2 percent prior
to seasonal adjustment.
The Consumer Price Index for Urban Wage Earners and Clerical Workers (CPI-W) increased 3.6
percent over the last 12 months to an index level of 302.257 (1982-84=100). For the month, the index
increased 0.2 percent prior to seasonal adjustment.
The Chained Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers (C-CPI-U) increased 3.7 percent over the
last 12 months. For the month, the index increased 0.2 percent on a not seasonally adjusted basis. Please
note that the indexes for the past 10 to 12 months are subject to revision.
_______________
The Consumer Price Index for October 2023 is scheduled to be released on Tuesday, November
14, 2023, at 8:30 a.m. (ET).
The Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) is implementing a substantial change to the format of our news
releases over the next few years. Our objective is to improve readability, accessibility, and
consistency while maintaining our high standard of accuracy. Changes include easy-to-read bullets
and interactive charts. News release tables will be published with the release in Excel format only.
The Consumer Price Index news release prototype is currently available for feedback on the
Redesigned News Releases beta webpage at www.bls.gov/beta/redesigned-news-releases.htm.
-4-
Technical Note
In calculating the index, price changes for the various items in each location are aggregated using
weights, which represent their importance in the spending of the appropriate population group. Local
data are then combined to obtain a U.S. city average. For the CPI-U and CPI-W, separate indexes are
also published by size of city, by region of the country, for cross-classifications of regions and
population-size classes, and for 23 selected local areas. Area indexes do not measure differences in the
level of prices among cities; they only measure the average change in prices for each area since the base
period. For the C-CPI-U, data are issued only at the national level. The CPI-U and CPI-W are
considered final when released, but the C-CPI-U is issued in preliminary form and subject to three
subsequent quarterly revisions.
The index measures price change from a designed reference date. For most of the CPI-U and the CPI-W,
the reference base is 1982-84 equals 100. The reference base for the C-CPI-U is December 1999 equals
100. An increase of 7 percent from the reference base, for example, is shown as 107.000. Alternatively,
that relationship can also be expressed as the price of a base period market basket of goods and services
rising from $100 to $107.
-5-
Sampling Error in the CPI
The CPI is a statistical estimate that is subject to sampling error because it is based upon a sample of
retail prices and not the complete universe of all prices. BLS calculates and publishes estimates of the 1-
month, 2-month, 6-month, and 12-month percent change standard errors annually for the CPI-U. These
standard error estimates can be used to construct confidence intervals for hypothesis testing. For
example, the estimated standard error of the 1-month percent change is 0.03 percent for the U.S. all
items CPI. This means that if we repeatedly sample from the universe of all retail prices using the same
methodology, and estimate a percentage change for each sample, then 95 percent of these estimates will
be within 0.06 percent of the 1-month percentage change based on all retail prices. For example, for a 1-
month change of 0.2 percent in the all items CPI-U, we are 95 percent confident that the actual percent
change based on all retail prices would fall between 0.14 and 0.26 percent. For the latest data, including
information on how to use the estimates of standard error, see www.bls.gov/cpi/tables/variance-
estimates/home.htm.
Calculating Index Changes
Movements of the indexes from 1 month to another are usually expressed as percent changes rather than
changes in index points, because index point changes are affected by the level of the index in relation to
its base period, while percent changes are not. The following table shows an example of using index
values to calculate percent changes:
Item A Item B Item C
Year I 112.500 225.000 110.000
Year II 121.500 243.000 128.000
Change in index
9.000 18.000 18.000
points
Percent change 9.0/112.500 x 100 = 8.0 18.0/225.000 x 100 = 8.0 18.0/110.000 x 100 = 16.4
-6-
The unadjusted data are of primary interest to consumers concerned about the prices they actually pay.
Unadjusted data are also used extensively for escalation purposes. Many collective bargaining contract
agreements and pension plans, for example, tie compensation changes to the Consumer Price Index
before adjustment for seasonal variation. BLS advises against the use of seasonally adjusted data in
escalation agreements because seasonally adjusted series are revised annually.
Intervention Analysis
The Bureau of Labor Statistics uses intervention analysis seasonal adjustment (IASA) for some CPI
series. Sometimes extreme values or sharp movements can distort the underlying seasonal pattern of
price change. Intervention analysis seasonal adjustment is a process by which the distortions caused by
such unusual events are estimated and removed from the data prior to calculation of seasonal factors.
The resulting seasonal factors, which more accurately represent the seasonal pattern, are then applied to
the unadjusted data.
For example, this procedure was used for the motor fuel series to offset the effects of the 2009 return to
normal pricing after the worldwide economic downturn in 2008. Retaining this outlier data during
seasonal factor calculation would distort the computation of the seasonal portion of the time series data
for motor fuel, so it was estimated and removed from the data prior to seasonal adjustment. Following
that, seasonal factors were calculated based on this “prior adjusted” data. These seasonal factors
represent a clearer picture of the seasonal pattern in the data. The last step is for motor fuel seasonal
factors to be applied to the unadjusted data.
For the seasonal factors introduced for January 2023, BLS adjusted 57 series using intervention analysis
seasonal adjustment, including selected food and beverage items, motor fuels and vehicles.
Revision of Seasonally Adjusted Indexes
Seasonally adjusted data, including the U.S. city average all items index levels, are subject to revision
for up to 5 years after their original release. Every year, economists in the CPI calculate new seasonal
factors for seasonally adjusted series and apply them to the last 5 years of data. Seasonally adjusted
indexes beyond the last 5 years of data are considered to be final and not subject to revision. For January
2023, revised seasonal factors and seasonally adjusted indexes for 2018 to 2022 were calculated and
published. For series which are directly adjusted using the Census X-13ARIMA-SEATS seasonal
adjustment software, the seasonal factors for 2022 will be applied to data for 2023 to produce the
seasonally adjusted 2023 indexes. Series which are indirectly seasonally adjusted by summing
seasonally adjusted component series have seasonal factors which are derived and are therefore not
available in advance.
Determining Seasonal Status
Each year the seasonal status of every series is reevaluated based upon certain statistical criteria. Using
these criteria, BLS economists determine whether a series should change its status from "not seasonally
adjusted" to "seasonally adjusted", or vice versa. If any of the 81 components of the U.S. city average all
items index change their seasonal adjustment status from seasonally adjusted to not seasonally adjusted,
not seasonally adjusted data will be used in the aggregation of the dependent series for the last 5 years,
but the seasonally adjusted indexes before that period will not be changed. For 2023, 37 of the 81
components of the U.S. city average all items index are not seasonally adjusted.
-7-
Contact Information
For additional information about the CPI visit www.bls.gov/cpi or contact the CPI Information and
Analysis Section at 202-691-7000 or cpi_info@bls.gov.
For additional information on seasonal adjustment in the CPI visit www.bls.gov/cpi/seasonal-
adjustment/home.htm
If you are deaf, hard of hearing, or have a speech disability, please dial 7-1-1 to access
telecommunications relay services.
-8-
Table 1. Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers (CPI-U): U.S. city average, by expenditure category,
September 2023
[1982-84=100, unless otherwise noted]
Unadjusted percent Seasonally adjusted percent
Relative Unadjusted indexes
change change
impor-
Expenditure category tance Sep. Aug. Jun. Jul. Aug.
Aug. Sep. Aug. Sep. 2022- 2023- 2023- 2023- 2023-
2023 2022 2023 2023 Sep. Sep. Jul. Aug. Sep.
2023 2023 2023 2023 2023
All items............................................ . 100.000 296.808 307.026 307.789 3.7 0.2 0.2 0.6 0.4
Food. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.380 313.142 324.100 324.704 3.7 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2
Food at home. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.568 296.771 303.716 303.925 2.4 0.1 0.3 0.2 0.1
Cereals and bakery products. . . . . . . . . . . . 1.163 339.336 356.563 355.576 4.8 -0.3 0.0 0.5 -0.4
Meats, poultry, fish, and eggs. . . . . . . . . . . . 1.777 319.486 318.944 320.140 0.2 0.4 0.5 0.8 0.5
Dairy and related products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.782 268.793 268.281 268.377 -0.2 0.0 0.5 -0.4 0.1
Fruits and vegetables. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.467 348.173 350.428 351.020 0.8 0.2 0.4 -0.2 0.0
Nonalcoholic beverages and beverage
materials................................. . 1.035 208.332 216.642 216.736 4.0 0.0 0.0 -0.2 0.0
Other food at home....................... . 2.343 260.580 271.648 271.561 4.2 0.0 0.2 0.2 0.3
Food away from home1..................... . 4.813 337.369 356.083 357.488 6.0 0.4 0.2 0.3 0.4
Energy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.162 297.343 294.328 296.004 -0.5 0.6 0.1 5.6 1.5
Energy commodities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.888 338.768 342.996 346.212 2.2 0.9 0.3 10.5 2.3
Fuel oil1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.125 454.177 397.444 431.201 -5.1 8.5 3.0 9.1 8.5
Motor fuel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.705 331.772 338.207 340.600 2.7 0.7 0.2 10.7 2.2
Gasoline (all types). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.616 328.918 336.979 338.893 3.0 0.6 0.2 10.6 2.1
Energy services.............................. . 3.274 269.667 260.448 260.791 -3.3 0.1 -0.1 0.2 0.6
Electricity................................... . 2.552 265.487 270.752 272.401 2.6 0.6 -0.7 0.2 1.3
Utility (piped) gas service. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.722 275.894 224.539 221.045 -19.9 -1.6 2.0 0.1 -1.9
All items less food and energy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79.457 298.442 310.103 310.817 4.1 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3
Commodities less food and energy
commodities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21.117 167.104 168.029 167.141 0.0 -0.5 -0.3 -0.1 -0.4
Apparel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.525 130.143 131.262 133.157 2.3 1.4 0.0 0.2 -0.8
New vehicles. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.246 175.312 179.691 179.750 2.5 0.0 -0.1 0.3 0.3
Used cars and trucks..................... . 2.715 203.867 198.768 187.587 -8.0 -5.6 -1.3 -1.2 -2.5
Medical care commodities1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.466 390.677 408.437 407.250 4.2 -0.3 0.5 0.6 -0.3
Alcoholic beverages. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.832 275.810 285.859 287.496 4.2 0.6 0.1 0.0 0.8
Tobacco and smoking products1. . . . . . . . 0.499 1,367.458 1,440.574 1,443.712 5.6 0.2 0.5 0.6 0.2
Services less energy services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58.340 379.634 399.219 401.234 5.7 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.6
Shelter...................................... . 34.749 359.704 383.221 385.433 7.2 0.6 0.4 0.3 0.6
Rent of primary residence. . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.590 376.569 402.247 404.487 7.4 0.6 0.4 0.5 0.5
Owners’ equivalent rent of
residences2........................... . 25.613 368.932 392.794 395.039 7.1 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.6
Medical care services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.331 609.852 592.913 593.777 -2.6 0.1 -0.4 0.1 0.3
Physicians’ services1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.786 414.767 413.877 413.966 -0.2 0.0 0.2 0.1 0.0
Hospital services1, 3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.917 380.465 391.678 397.531 4.5 1.5 -0.4 0.7 1.5
Transportation services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.951 368.643 400.016 402.021 9.1 0.5 0.3 2.0 0.7
Motor vehicle maintenance and
repair1. . . . . . . .......................... . 1.138 356.076 391.395 392.222 10.2 0.2 1.0 1.1 0.2
Motor vehicle insurance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.743 624.558 733.141 742.292 18.9 1.2 2.0 2.4 1.3
Airline fares. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.520 284.313 246.185 246.151 -13.4 0.0 -8.1 4.9 0.3
1
Not seasonally adjusted.
2
Indexes on a December 1982=100 base.
3
Indexes on a December 1996=100 base.
Table 2. Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers (CPI-U): U.S. city average, by detailed expenditure
category, September 2023
[1982-84=100, unless otherwise noted]
Unadjusted percent
Seasonally adjusted percent change
Relative change
importance Sep. Aug. Jun. Jul. Aug.
Expenditure category
Aug. 2022- 2023- 2023- 2023- 2023-
2023 Sep. Sep. Jul. Aug. Sep.
2023 2023 2023 2023 2023
1
Not seasonally adjusted.
2
Indexes on a December 1997=100 base.
3
Special index based on a substantially smaller sample.
4
Indexes on a December 2007=100 base.
5
Indexes on a December 2005=100 base.
6
Indexes on a December 1986=100 base.
7
Indexes on a December 1993=100 base.
8
Indexes on a December 2009=100 base.
9
Indexes on a December 1990=100 base.
10
Indexes on a December 1983=100 base.
11
Indexes on a December 2001=100 base.
12
Indexes on a December 2019=100 base.
13
Indexes on a December 1982=100 base.
14
Indexes on a December 1996=100 base.
Table 3. Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers (CPI-U): U.S. city average, special aggregate indexes,
September 2023
[1982-84=100, unless otherwise noted]
Unadjusted percent Seasonally adjusted percent
Relative Unadjusted indexes
change change
impor-
Special aggregate indexes tance Sep. Aug. Jun. Jul. Aug.
Aug. Sep. Aug. Sep. 2022- 2023- 2023- 2023- 2023-
2023 2022 2023 2023 Sep. Sep. Jul. Aug. Sep.
2023 2023 2023 2023 2023
All items less food.................................. . 86.620 294.286 304.376 305.162 3.7 0.3 0.2 0.7 0.4
All items less shelter. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65.251 275.381 280.663 280.869 2.0 0.1 0.0 0.8 0.3
All items less food and shelter.................... . 51.870 265.891 269.913 270.034 1.6 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.3
All items less food, shelter, and energy. . . . . . . . . . 44.708 264.370 269.642 269.536 2.0 0.0 -0.1 0.3 0.1
All items less food, shelter, energy, and used
cars and trucks................................... . 41.993 266.550 273.124 274.002 2.8 0.3 0.0 0.4 0.2
All items less medical care........................ . 92.203 284.324 295.367 296.147 4.2 0.3 0.2 0.7 0.4
All items less energy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92.838 299.749 311.293 311.990 4.1 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3
Commodities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38.386 222.678 226.161 225.866 1.4 -0.1 -0.1 1.0 0.1
Commodities less food, energy, and used
cars and trucks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18.403 162.325 164.620 164.988 1.6 0.2 -0.2 0.1 -0.1
Commodities less food. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25.005 183.048 183.968 183.416 0.2 -0.3 -0.2 1.4 0.0
Commodities less food and beverages. . . . . . . . 24.174 179.658 180.354 179.759 0.1 -0.3 -0.3 1.5 0.0
Services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61.614 369.220 386.400 388.274 5.2 0.5 0.3 0.4 0.6
Services less rent of shelter1................... . 27.234 390.555 399.835 401.324 2.8 0.4 0.2 0.5 0.6
Services less medical care services. . . . . . . . . . . 55.284 350.978 370.583 372.524 6.1 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.6
Durables. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.412 128.688 127.556 125.849 -2.2 -1.3 -0.3 -0.3 -0.4
Nondurables......................................... . 25.973 270.648 278.122 279.363 3.2 0.4 0.2 1.8 0.6
Nondurables less food. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.593 234.930 239.516 241.247 2.7 0.7 -0.2 3.4 0.8
Nondurables less food and beverages. . . . . . . . 11.761 232.407 236.633 238.368 2.6 0.7 -0.2 3.7 0.8
Nondurables less food, beverages, and
apparel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.236 301.110 307.421 309.078 2.6 0.5 -0.3 4.6 1.4
Nondurables less food and apparel. . . . . . . . . . . . 10.068 297.267 303.906 305.553 2.8 0.5 -0.2 4.2 1.3
Housing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ....................... . 44.448 306.521 321.894 323.563 5.6 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.6
Education and communication2................... . 5.660 144.089 145.174 145.598 1.0 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.1
Education2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.235 286.151 292.014 294.357 2.9 0.8 0.3 0.1 0.3
Communication2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.425 74.895 74.858 74.827 -0.1 0.0 -0.1 -0.1 0.0
Information and information processing2. . . . 3.353 70.619 70.510 70.478 -0.2 0.0 -0.1 -0.1 0.0
Information technology, hardware and
services3..................................... . 1.755 7.163 7.104 7.104 -0.8 0.0 -0.3 -0.1 0.0
Recreation2.......................................... . 5.320 131.581 136.102 136.687 3.9 0.4 0.1 -0.2 0.4
Video and audio2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.269 112.307 116.650 116.753 4.0 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2
Pets, pet products and services2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.213 206.572 217.646 218.417 5.7 0.4 0.1 -0.8 0.3
Photography2..................................... . 0.060 82.691 83.933 85.769 3.7 2.2 -1.2 -0.3 2.2
Food and beverages. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14.212 310.678 321.578 322.249 3.7 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3
Domestically produced farm food.............. . 7.161 307.297 314.167 314.552 2.4 0.1 0.5 0.0 0.1
Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.359 389.919 405.504 407.114 4.4 0.4 0.4 0.1 0.3
Apparel less footwear.............................. . 2.021 121.592 123.008 124.889 2.7 1.5 0.2 0.0 -1.1
Fuels and utilities................................... . 4.524 311.690 305.887 306.948 -1.5 0.3 0.2 0.6 0.7
Household energy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.457 267.114 256.889 257.971 -3.4 0.4 0.1 0.6 0.8
Medical care. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.797 556.323 548.082 548.431 -1.4 0.1 -0.2 0.2 0.2
Transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17.339 266.109 274.220 272.517 2.4 -0.6 -0.1 2.6 0.3
Private transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16.627 264.941 274.660 272.841 3.0 -0.7 0.2 2.6 0.3
New and used motor vehicles2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.075 129.572 129.864 127.194 -1.8 -2.1 -0.5 -0.2 -0.8
Utilities and public transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.535 255.820 253.166 253.337 -1.0 0.1 0.0 0.6 0.2
Household furnishings and operations. . . . . . . . . . . 5.175 145.912 148.295 148.700 1.9 0.3 -0.1 0.2 0.2
Other goods and services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.699 512.565 540.270 543.350 6.0 0.6 0.1 0.4 0.6
Personal care. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.200 260.886 275.026 276.813 6.1 0.6 0.0 0.4 0.6
1
Indexes on a December 1982=100 base.
2
Indexes on a December 1997=100 base.
3
Indexes on a December 1988=100 base.
Table 4. Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers (CPI-U): Selected areas, all items index, September
2023
[1982-84=100, unless otherwise noted]
Percent change to Sep. 2023 from: Percent change to Aug. 2023 from:
Pricing
Area Sep. Jul. Aug. Aug. Jun. Jul.
Schedule1
2022 2023 2023 2022 2023 2023
1
Foods, fuels, and several other items are priced every month in all areas. Most other goods and services are priced as indicated: M - Every month.
1 - January, March, May, July, September, and November. 2 - February, April, June, August, October, and December.
2
Regions defined as the four Census regions.
3
Indexes on a December 1996=100 base.
4
Indexes on a December 2017=100 base.
5
Indexes on a December 1986=100 base.
6
1998 - 2017 indexes based on substantially smaller sample.
7
Indexes on a December 2001=100 base.
8
Indexes on a 1987=100 base.
NOTE: Local area indexes are byproducts of the national CPI program. Each local index has a smaller sample size than the national index and is,
therefore, subject to substantially more sampling and other measurement error. As a result, local area indexes show greater volatility than the national
index, although their long-term trends are similar. Therefore, the Bureau of Labor Statistics strongly urges users to consider adopting the national
average CPI for use in their escalator clauses.
Table 5. Chained Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers (C-CPI-U) and the Consumer Price Index for
All Urban Consumers (CPI-U): U.S. city average, all items index, September 2023
[Percent changes]
Unadjusted 1-month percent change Unadjusted 12-month percent change
Month Year
C-CPI-U1 CPI-U C-CPI-U1 CPI-U
1
The C-CPI-U is designed to be a closer approximation to a cost-of-living index in that it, in its final form, accounts for any substitution that
consumers make across item categories in response to changes in relative prices. Since the expenditure data required for the calculation of the
C-CPI-U are available only with a time lag, the C-CPI-U is issued first in preliminary form using the latest available expenditure data at that time and
is subject to four revisions.
Indexes are issued as initial estimates. Indexes are revised each quarter with the publication of January, April, July, and October data as updated
expenditure estimates become available. The C-CPI-U indexes are updated quarterly until they become final. January-March indexes are final in
January of the following year; April-June indexes are final in April of the following year; July-September indexes are final in July of the following year;
October-December indexes are final in October of the following year.
Table 6. Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers (CPI-U): U.S. city average, by expenditure category,
September 2023, 1-month analysis table
[1982-84=100, unless otherwise noted]
One Month
Relative Seasonally Seasonally Largest (L) or Smallest (S)
Standard
importance adjusted adjusted seasonally adjusted
Expenditure category error,
Aug. percent effect on All change since:3
median
2023 change Items
price Percent
Aug. 2023- Aug. 2023- Date
change2 change
Sep. 2023 Sep. 20231
1
The ’effect’ of an item category is a measure of that item’s contribution to the All items price change. For example, if the Food index had an effect of
0.40, and the All items index rose 1.2 percent, then the increase in food prices contributed 0.40 / 1.2, or 33.3 percent, to that All items increase.
Said another way, had food prices been unchanged for that month the change in the All items index would have been 1.2 percent minus 0.40, or 0.8
percent. Effects can be negative as well. For example, if the effect of food was a negative 0.1, and the All items index rose 0.5 percent, the All items
index actually would have been 0.1 percent higher (or 0.6 percent) had food prices been unchanged. Since food prices fell while prices overall were
rising, the contribution of food to the All items price change was negative (in this case, -0.1 / 0.5, or minus 20 percent).
2
A statistic’s margin of error is often expressed as its point estimate plus or minus two standard errors. For example, if a CPI category rose 0.6
percent, and its standard error was 0.15 percent, the margin of error on this item’s 1-month percent change would be 0.6 percent, plus or minus 0.3
percent.
3
If the current seasonally adjusted 1-month percent change is greater than the previous published 1-month percent change, then this column
identifies the closest prior month with a 1-month percent change as (L)arge as or (L)arger than the current 1-month change. If the current 1-month
percent change is smaller than the previous published 1-month percent change, the most recent month with a change as (S)mall or (S)maller than
the current month change is identified. If the current and previous published 1-month percent changes are equal, a dash will appear. Standard
numerical comparisons are used. For example, 0.8% is greater than 0.6%, -0.4% is less than -0.2%, and -0.2% is less than 0.0%. Note that a
(L)arger change can be a smaller decline, for example, a -0.2% change is larger than a -0.4% change, but still represents a decline in the price
index. Likewise, (S)maller changes can be increases, for example, a 0.6% change is smaller than 0.8%, but still represents an increase in the price
index. In this context, a -0.2% change is considered to be smaller than a 0.0% change.
4
Not seasonally adjusted.
5
Indexes on a December 1997=100 base.
6
Special indexes based on a substantially smaller sample. These series do not contribute to the all items index aggregation and therefore do not
have a relative importance or effect.
7
Indexes on a December 2007=100 base.
8
Indexes on a December 2005=100 base.
9
Indexes on a December 1986=100 base.
10
Indexes on a December 1993=100 base.
11
Indexes on a December 2009=100 base.
12
Indexes on a December 1990=100 base.
13
Indexes on a December 1983=100 base.
14
Indexes on a December 2001=100 base.
15
Indexes on a December 2019=100 base.
16
Indexes on a December 1982=100 base.
17
Indexes on a December 1996=100 base.
18
Indexes on a December 1988=100 base.
Table 7. Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers (CPI-U): U.S. city average, by expenditure category,
September 2023, 12-month analysis table
[1982-84=100, unless otherwise noted]
Twelve Month
Relative Unadjusted Unadjusted Standard Largest (L) or Smallest (S)
importance percent effect on All error, unadjusted change since:3
Expenditure category
Aug. change Items median
2023 Sep. 2022- Sep. 2022- price Percent
Date
Sep. 2023 Sep. 20231 change2 change
1
The ’effect’ of an item category is a measure of that item’s contribution to the All items price change. For example, if the Food index had an effect of
0.40, and the All items index rose 1.2 percent, then the increase in food prices contributed 0.40 / 1.2, or 33.3 percent, to that All items increase.
Said another way, had food prices been unchanged for that year the change in the All items index would have been 1.2 percent minus 0.40, or 0.8
percent. Effects can be negative as well. For example, if the effect of food was a negative 0.1, and the All items index rose 0.5 percent, the All items
index actually would have been 0.1 percent higher (or 0.6 percent) had food prices been unchanged. Since food prices fell while prices overall were
rising, the contribution of food to the All items price change was negative (in this case, -0.1 / 0.5, or minus 20 percent).
2
A statistic’s margin of error is often expressed as its point estimate plus or minus two standard errors. For example, if a CPI category rose 2.6
percent, and its standard error was 0.25 percent, the margin of error on this item’s 12-month percent change would be 2.6 percent, plus or minus
0.5 percent.
3
If the current 12-month percent change is greater than the previous published 12-month percent change, then this column identifies the closest prior
month with a 12-month percent change as (L)arge as or (L)arger than the current 12-month change. If the current 12-month percent change is
smaller than the previous published 12-month percent change, the most recent month with a change as (S)mall or (S)maller than the current month
change is identified. If the current and previous published 12-month percent changes are equal, a dash will appear. Standard numerical comparison
is used. For example, 2.0% is greater than 0.6%, -4.4% is less than -2.0%, and -2.0% is less than 0.0%. Note that a (L)arger change can be a
smaller decline, for example, a -0.2% change is larger than a -0.4% change, but still represents a decline in the price index. Likewise, (S)maller
changes can be increases, for example, a 0.6% change is smaller than 0.8%, but still represents an increase in the price index. In this context, a
-0.2% change is considered to be smaller than a 0.0% change.
4
Indexes on a December 1997=100 base.
5
Special indexes based on a substantially smaller sample. These series do not contribute to the all items index aggregation and therefore do not
have a relative importance or effect.
6
Indexes on a December 2007=100 base.
7
Indexes on a December 2005=100 base.
8
Indexes on a December 1986=100 base.
9
Indexes on a December 1993=100 base.
10
Indexes on a December 2009=100 base.
11
Indexes on a December 1990=100 base.
12
Indexes on a December 1983=100 base.
13
Indexes on a December 2001=100 base.
14
Indexes on a December 2019=100 base.
15
Indexes on a December 1982=100 base.
16
Indexes on a December 1996=100 base.
17
Indexes on a December 1988=100 base.