Department of Mechanical Engineering

Indian Institute of Technology Bombay

ME415: Computational Fluid Dynamics & Heat Transfer Spring 2023
Assignment # 2: CFD Development & Application for 1D Non-linear and2D single/multi Solid
Heat Conduction
Instructor: Prof. Atul Sharma

Tutorial: 5-7:30 PM, 8th Feb., 2023 (Wednesday)@CLR-Lab@PPCLT@Energy-Dept.

Deadline for Sub#1: 8th Feb.@7:30 PM for Programs on Prob#1 and Prob#2
Sub#2: 15th Feb.@2 AM (14th mid-night) for Programs on Prob#3 and filled-in answer sheet
Note: Both problems and answer sheet are provided below. MATLAB should be used for programming
as well as generating graphical results. Both the submissions (Sub#1 & Sub#2 above) should
be ONLINE through Moodle, with a single zipped folder consisting on (a) filled-in answer sheet of this
doc file (converted into a pdf file) and/or (b) all the computer programs. The name of the zipped file
should be rollnumber_A2-1 and rollnumber_A2-2 for the two submissions.

1. Explicit Method on a Uniform Grid for Nonlinear 1D Conduction: Consider 1D conduc-

tion in a long stainless-steel (density ρ: 7750 kg/m3, specific-heat Cp: 500 J/Kg K, thermal-
conductivity k = k0 (1+bT)) sheet of thickness L = 1 cm. The sheet is initially at a uniform
temperature of 30oC and is suddenly subjected to a constant temperature of Twb = 0 0C on
the west boundary and h = 1000 W/m2K and T∞=100oC on the east boundary.

Using the Explicit method on a uniform 1-D Cartesian grid, develop a computer program.
Consider maximum number of grid points imax as 22; and the convergence tolerance for
the steady state as εst=10-4. Considering k0 = 1, and b = 0, -0.01, 1, plot axial variation of
the steady state temperature distribution. Discuss the nature of solution, with the three
different values of b and volumetric heat generation of 0 and 10 MW/m3.

2. Implicit Method on a Uniform Grid for Multi-Solid Conduction: Consider 2D conduction

in a square shaped (L1=1m and L2=1m) long multi-
solid plate as shown in the figure. The plate is
initially at a uniform temperature of of 30oC.
Further, the left, bottom, right, and top boundary of
the plate are at a constant temperature of 100oC,
200oC, 300oC, and 400oC, respectively.
Using the Implicit method on a uniform 2-D
Cartesian grid, develop a computer program.
Consider maximum number of grid points imax=22
and jmax=22; and the convergence tolerance as Tb2
 ε=10-4 for iterative solution and εst=10-4 for the steady state convergence. Considering
properties of individual slabs from the table below, plot contour of the steady state
temperature distribution. Discuss the nature of solution, especially at the interfaces between
two-solids.

Material  Copper Iron Stainless Steel Aluminum

Density: ρ (kg/m3) 8900 7900 8000 2700

cp (J/kg°C) 385 452 502 896

k (W/mK) 388 72 16.2 220

3. Explicit Method on Non-Uniform Grid for 2D

Conduction: Consider a 2D rectangular wall (1m
X 5m) as shown in figure, which connects a small
kiosk maintained at 200C (using AC) to an adja-
cent area where constant heat flux of 10 W/m2 is
supplied from fire-clay. The top end of wall is ex-
posed to ambient atmosphere, with 300C and h =
1000 W/m2K while bottom end is insulated. The
wall is initially at a uniform temperature of 30oC,
and its density ρ = 2300 kg/m3, specific heat Cp= 920 J/kg°C, and thermal conductivity k =
1.08 W/mK.
a. Generate a non-uniform 2D Cartesian grid, using an algebraic method. The method
involves a transformation of a uniform grid, in a ξ- & η- coordinate-based 2D compu-
tational domain of unit length, to a x & y coordinate-based physical domain of length
L & H, using an algebraic equation given (Hoffmann and Chiang, 2000) as
( 2 ξ−1 )
( 1+ β ) [ ( β+1 ) / ( β−1 ) ] −( β−1 )
x=L
2 {1+ [ ( β +1 ) / ( β−1 ) ] }
( 2 ξ−1)

( 2 η−1)
( 1+ β ) [ ( β +1 ) / ( β−1 ) ] −( β−1 )
y=H
2 { 1+ [ ( β+1 ) / ( β−1 ) ] }
( 2 η−1 )

This equation results in a grid which is finest near the two ends of the domain and
gradually become coarser at the middle of the domain. It is called as equal clustering
of grids at both the ends of the domain. Consider maximum number of grid points as
imax=12, jmax=27 and β=1.2 (which controls the non-uniformity in the grid size).
b) Using the non-uniform grid, develop a computer program using the convergence
tolerance for the steady state as εst=10-4. Present a CFD application of the code.
 Considering no volumetric heat generation, plot the contour of the steady state
temperature distribution.

Answer Sheet
Problem # 1: Explicit Method on a Uniform Grid for Non-linear Conduction:
Plot the axial variation of the steady state temperature distribution

(a) (b)

Fig. 2.1: Variation of steady state temperature distribution along the length of the rod for (a) with and (b)
with without heat generation. The figure shows comparison of the numerical solution on uniform Cartesian
Grid for the three different values of ‘b’.

Discussion on the Fig. 2.1: Write your answer, limited inside this text box only
Problem # 2: Implicit Method on Multi-Block Solid with Uniform Grid: 2D Conduction

Plot the steady state temperature contour. (1 figure).

Fig. 2.2: CFD Application of the explicit method based 2D code on uniform Cartesian grid: Steady state
temperature contour for unsteady state heat conduction

Discussion on the Fig. 2.2: Write your answer, limited inside this text box only
Problem # 3: Explicit Method on a Non-Uniform Grid: 2D Conduction

Plot the steady state temperature contours with uniform and non-uniform grid. (2 figures).

Fig. 2.3: CFD Application of the explicit method based 2D code on uniform & non-uniform Cartesian grid:
Steady state temperature contour for unsteady state heat conduction, without heat generation.

Discussion on the Fig. 2.3: Write your answer, limited inside this text box only