S2A Challenging Question

Chapter 1
1. Rachel is going to withdraw some money from an ATM to buy five books at $77.5, $126, $115,
$109.5 and $118. Estimate whether withdrawing a $500 banknote is enough for Rachel to buy
the books required. Explain briefly.

2. Peggy is going to buy 6 bars of chocolate for $7.9 each from a supermarket. If a stamp will be
given for every purchase of $50, estimate whether Peggy can receive a stamp. Explain briefly.

3. The figure shows trapezium ABCD.

A 6.13 cm B

4.92 cm 4.8 cm 4.92 cm

D 8.29 cm C

(a) Estimate the perimeter of trapezium ABCD and state the strategy used.
(b) William claimed that the area of trapezium ABCD is about 70 cm 2 . Determine whether
his estimation is reasonable.

4. Steven Chicken Soup in packs of 298 mL and 500 mL are sold at $7.5 and $9.9 each
respectively.
(a) Estimate whether the average price for 100 mL of Steven Chicken Soup for each
packaging is more than $2. Explain briefly.
(b) Based on the result of (a), which packaging of Steven Chicken Soup is more economical?

5. (a) Round off 6.947 to 3 significant figures, then round off the result to 2 significant figures.
Write down the approximate value obtained.
(b) Round off 6.947 to 2 significant figures directly. Write down the approximate value
obtained.
(c) Are the approximate values obtained in (a) and (b) the same?

4 1
6. (a) Consider the expression − . To give the approximate value 0.03, how many
11 3
significant figures should the result of the expression be rounded off to?
4 1
(b) Consider the expression ( − ) × 1 000 . To give the approximate value 30, how many
11 3
significant figures should the result of the expression be rounded off to?
(c) Are the results of (a) and (b) the same?
7. A number is rounded off to give an approximate value 1 200. To give this approximate
value, how many significant figures may the number be rounded off to? Illustrate your answer
with examples.
 S2A Challenging Question
Chapter 2
1. Joyce wants to measure the weight of a 2A battery. She collects 5 identical 2A batteries and
weighs them on a spring balance. The result is 120 g.
(a) According to Joyce’s method, what is the weight of a 2A battery?
(b) Suggest a method to measure the weight of a 2A battery more accurately.

2. Suggest a method to measure the thickness of an Octopus card. (List the tools required and the
measuring procedures.)

3. Suggest a method to measure the volume of a $1 coin. (List the tools required and the
measuring procedures.)

4. The figure shows an extract from a passage.

(a) Estimate the number of words in the extract and illustrate the estimation strategy used.
1
(b) If the extract is about of the whole passage, estimate the number of words in the whole
3
passage.

Several cases of a new type of flu infection have been

confirmed in this city. How well do you know this type of flu?
Symptoms
The symptoms of this type of flu include fever, lethargy, loss
of appetite and coughing. Some may also have a runny nose,
sore throat, vomiting and diarrhoea.
Mode of transmission
This type of flu is mainly spread among people through
coughing and sneezing. Besides, people may also become
infected if they touch their nose or mouth after touching
objects with flu viruses.
Prevention
• Wash hands properly to keep them clean. Avoid touching
mouth, nose and eyes.
• Cover nose and mouth when sneezing or coughing. Wash
hands with liquid soap immediately after sneezing or
coughing.
• Keep the environment clean. Do not spit. Wrap respiratory
discharges with tissue paper, and dispose it in a rubbish bin
with lid.
• Wear a mask whenever flu symptoms are developed. See a
doctor right away and do not go to work or school.
5. The figure shows a collapsed brick wall.

Height

20 cm
Length

Given that the figure is drawn to scale and the length of each brick is 20 cm,
(a) estimate the length of the brick wall and illustrate the estimation strategy used.
(b) estimate the height of the brick wall and illustrate the estimation strategy used.

6. Phoebe measures the length of a pencil with a ruler as follows.

cm
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

(a) Referring to the figure, write down the length of the pencil.
(b) Find the maximum absolute error of the length measured.
(c) Find the range of the actual length of the pencil.
1
(d) Find the relative error of the length measured in the form of .
n
(e) Find the percentage error of the length measured. (Give your answer correct to 3
significant figures.)

7. An equilateral triangle has sides of 6.6 cm each, correct to 2 significant figures.

(a) Find the upper and lower limits of the actual length of each side of the equilateral
triangle.
(b) Find the upper and lower limits of the actual perimeter of the equilateral triangle.
(c) Is it possible for the actual perimeter of the equilateral triangle to be 20 cm? Explain
briefly.
8. (a) Vivian weighs a piece of chocolate on a spring balance and the result is 5 g, correct to the
nearest g. Find the percentage error of the measurement.
(b) Yendy weighs 20 pieces of identical chocolate on the same spring balance and the result is
100 g.
(i) Find the upper and lower limits of the actual total weight of the 20 pieces of
chocolate.
(ii) If Yendy calculates the weight of a piece of chocolate based on the total weight of
the 20 pieces of chocolate, find the upper and lower limits of the actual weight of a
piece of chocolate, and the maximum absolute error of the weight of a piece of
chocolate.
Upper limit − Lower limit
[ Hint: Maximum absolute error = ]
2

(iii) What is the percentage error of the weight of a piece of chocolate found by Yendy?
(c) Comparing the results of (a) and (b), whose method should be used to measure the
weight of a piece of chocolate more accurately? Explain briefly.
 S2A Challenging Question
Chapter 3
1. If −8 x 2 + Ax − B ≡ −4(Cx 2 + 1) , find the constants A, B and C.

2. If A( x − 8)( x + 2) ≡ − x 2 + Bx + C , find the constants A, B and C.

3. Determine, with a proof, whether each of the following is an identity.

(a) 8( 2 x − 1) = 4(4 x − 1) − 8 (b) x(2 x + 9) − 5 = ( x + 5)(2 x − 1)

(c) x 2 − 11( x − 3) − 5 = ( x − 4)( x − 7) (d) 2( x − 3) 2 − x( x + 1) = ( x − 9)( x − 2)

4. Expand the following.

(a) (9 x − 8)[9( x + 1) − 1] (b) [4(m − n) − n][5(m + n) − m]

5. (a) Expand (−10 + x)(−10 − x) .

(b) By using the result of (a), expand (−10 + x)( −10 − x)( x 2 + 100) .

6. Expand the following.

(a) [3( y + 2) + 1]2 (b) [5 − 2(3 z − 4)]2

7. Expand the following.

(a) [3(k + 5h) − k ][2(k + 6h) + 3h] (b) [5(u − 3v) + 7v][6(u − v) − (u + 2v)]

8. Expand the following.

(a) (e − f ) 2 + ( e + 2 f ) 2 (b) (10 x + 1) 2 − (2 x + 3) 2

9. (a) Expand ( w + 2 z )( w − 2 z ) .
(b) By using the result of (a), expand (7 x + 2 z + y )(7 x − 2 z + y ) .

10. Factorize the following.

(a) ( xy + z ) z + 4( xy + z ) (b) x(2 y + 5 z ) − 3(5 z + 2 y )
(c) 3x( x + 2 y ) − (− x − 2 y ) (d) −6 x(4 y − 9 z ) − 3( −9 z + 4 y )

1
11. Given that 8 y − 5 x = 2 and xy 3 = , find the value of 40 xy 4 − 25 x 2 y 3 + 20 xy 3 .
2
12. Factorize the following.
(a) 2a 4b − 3a 3b − 2a 3b 2 + 3a 2b 2 (b) 4a 3b 2 + 8a 2b3 + a 2b + 2ab 2
(c) 16a 3b5 − 40a 2b5 − 6a 5b 4 + 15a 4b 4
13. Factorize the following by grouping terms.
(a) x 2 + 10 x + 9 (b) 2 x 2 + 7 x + 6
(c) 3x 2 + 14 x − 5

14. Factorize the following.

(a) u 2 − 4v 2 + 6( u − 2v ) (b) 9m 2 − 16n 2 − 3mk − 4nk

(c) 6 x 5 − 96 x

15. (a) Without using a calculator, find the value of 9 5902 − 4102 .
(b) Hence, find the value of 9 5902 .

16. Factorize the following.

(a) 100m 2 n 2 + 20mn + 1 (b) x 4 − 50 x 2 + 625
(c) 64c 4 − 96c 3d + 36c 2 d 2

17. Factorize the following.

(a) (2 x + 3) 2 + 4(2 x + 3) + 4 (b) (10k + 7 h) 2 − 2h(10k + 7 h) + h 2

18. Factorize the following.

(a) (16 x 2 − 8 xy + y 2 ) − 25( x − 1) 2 (b) 18 p 2 − 2q 2 + 12q − 18

 S2A Challenging Question
Chapter 4
2 x + y = 3
1. Solve the simultaneous equations  graphically. (Give your answer correct to 1
x + 2 y = 8
decimal place.)

2 x + 3 y − 4 = 0
2. Solve the simultaneous equations  graphically. (Give your answer correct to 1
3x − 5 y − 8 = 0
decimal place.)

3. Use the method of substitution to solve the following simultaneous equations.

9 x + 2 y = 12  2( x − y ) − 5 = 0 5( x − y ) + 2 y = −26
(a)  (b)  (c) 
5(2 x + 1) − y = −1 5( x + y ) + x = 4 2( x + 3 y − 1) = y

4. Use the method of substitution to solve the following simultaneous equations.

4 x + 9 y = 12 3y
  + 2 x − 12 = 0 2x
(a) x (b) 2 (c) 2x − 5 y + 4 = +y=4
 3 − y + 6 = 0 3x − y − 57 = 0 5

5. Use the method of elimination to solve the following simultaneous equations.

 4x + 3 y 5 x − 8 y = 5  7y
 = 12  3x + =4
(a)  2 (b) x (c)  4
5 x + 3 y = 39  3 − 3 y = −12 2 x + 3 y − 10 = 0

6. Use the method of elimination to solve the following simultaneous equations.

x y
 + =0 5x − 7 y
(a) 6 3 (b) = 7 x − 5 y = 24
6 x + 5 y = −28 2

x + 2 3 y − 2x
(c) − = 10 x − 3 y + 5 = 0
3 2

7. Kenny and Charles work together. Kenny works 14 hours and Charles works 15 hours. They
receive a total wages of $920. If the wages received by Kenny for working 6 hours are $2 less
than those received by Charles for working 4 hours, what is the hourly wage of each of them?

8. In a tea company, the cost of grade A tea is $120/100 g and that of grade B tea is $84/100 g. By
blending grades A and B tea, the mixture weighs 1.8 kg and costs $100/100 g. By how much is
the grade B tea heavier than the grade A tea in the mixture?
9. Sarah had some $2 and $5 coins. The total value of the coins was $78. If Sarah used 3 $2 coins
and received 3 $5 coins, the ratio of the number of $2 coins to the number of $5 coins was 7 : 3.
How many coins of each kind did Sarah have originally?

10. The number of pencils and ballpoint pens in a box is in the ratio of 3 : 2. If a pencil is put into
the box and a ballpoint pen is taken out from it, the ratio will become 5 : 3. How many pencils
and ballpoint pens are there in total in the box?
 S2A Challenging Question
Chapter 5
1. Find the unknowns in each of the following figures.
(a) ∆ABD ≅ ∆CBD (b) ∆ABC ≅ ∆ADE
B
A
x y E
A
x 75°
B D 70°
z
y C
60° 14
C D

2. Find the unknowns in each of the following figures.

(a) ∆ABC ≅ ∆DEF (b) ∆LMN ≅ ∆TVU
T
M
A
D x
75°
N 2
2x 3y − 1 10
11
20°
11 2z
57° +7
5z + 7° L 3 17y
E
B C
F V U

3. Given that ∆ABC ≅ ∆RPQ, if AB = 6 cm, BC = 9 cm and CA = 7 cm, find PQ, QR and RP.

4. It is given that ∠PQR = 45°, ∠PRQ = 45° and QR = 4.5 cm.

(a) Construct ∆PQR.
(b) According to the lengths of sides, which type of triangle is ∆PQR?
(c) According to the sizes of interior angles, which type of triangle is ∆PQR?

5. It is given that PQ = 7 cm, ∠QPR = 85° and PR = 4 cm.

(a) Construct ∆PQR.
(b) Measure ∠PQR and ∠PRQ. (Give your answers correct to the nearest degree.)
(c) Measure the length of QR. (Give your answer correct to the nearest 0.1 cm.)
(d) Which side is opposite to the largest angle? Is it the longest side?

6. It is given that PQ = 7.5 cm, PR = 8.5 cm and ∠PRQ = 55°.

(a) Construct two different triangles ∆PQR.
(b) Measure the length of QR of each of the two ∆PQR. (Give your answers correct to the
nearest 0.1 cm.)
(c) Measure the size of the largest interior angle of each of the two ∆PQR. (Give your answers
correct to the nearest degree.)
7. In the figure, ABC and AED are straight lines. Prove that ∆ABD ≅ ∆AEC .

C 6
B
35°
A

35° E
6

8. In the figure, BCD is a straight line. ∠ABC = ∠ACE = ∠CDE . AB = CD . Prove

that ∆ABC ≅ ∆CDE .
E
A

B C D

9. In the figure, ABC, BDE, AFE and CDFG are straight lines. A 5 B
55° C
(a) Find ∠AGC by considering ∆AGC. 30°
5 40°
(b) Find ∠ABE by considering ∆BAE. D

F
(c) Prove that ∆AGC ≅ ∆BAE. G
30°

10. In the figure, BCDE is a straight line. AB = AE , AC = AD and ∠BAC = ∠EAD. Prove that
∆BAD ≅ ∆EAC . A

B C D E

A D
11. In the figure, AEH, AFGC, BEFD, BHC and HGD are straight
F
lines. ∠EAF = ∠FAD , ∠ADF = ∠FDH , AH = DH and AD // BC.
E G
(a) Prove that ∠HAC = ∠HDB .
(b) Prove that ∆AHC ≅ ∆DHB .
B H C

12. In the figure, ABCD, BGE and CGF are straight lines. AB = CD, AF = BE, FC ⊥ AD and
ED ⊥ AD.
(a) Prove that ∆ACF ≅ ∆BDE .
(b) Prove that AF // BE.
13. In the figure, BMNC is a straight line. ∠BAM = ∠CAN and AM = AN . A

(a) Prove that ∆ABN ≅ ∆ACM .

(b) Prove that ∆ABC is an isosceles triangle.

B M N C

14. In the figure, AED and BCD are straight lines. AB = ED , AB // EC and ∠BAE = ∠ABE = ∠EDC .
(a) Prove that ∆ABE ≅ ∆DEC . A
(b) Prove that ∠EBC = ∠ECB .
E

B C D

15. In the figure, AEB, CED, AMD and CNB are straight lines. ∠DAE = ∠BCE , ∠ADE = ∠CBE ,
AM = MD and CN = NB .
A C

M E N

D
B

(a) Prove that ∆ADE ~ ∆CBE .

AM AD
(b) Prove that = .
CN CB
(c) Prove that ∆AME ~ ∆CNE .

16. In the figure, ABCD and DEFG are squares with sides of 6 and 10 each respectively. AMDG,
ANF, BME and CDNE are straight lines.
B A

6 M

E
C D N

G 10 F

(a) (i) Prove that ∆EMD ~ ∆EBC .

(ii) Find MD.
(b) (i) Prove that ∆AND ~ ∆AFG .
(ii) Find ND.
17. In the figure, ABCD, EGC and FGB are straight lines. AE // BF and EC // FD.
E

F
3
G

A B C D
2 1

(a) Prove that ∆EAC ~ ∆FBD .

(b) If BF = 2 ,
(i) find BC.
(ii) find ND.
 S2A Challenging Question
Chapter 6
1. Without using a calculator, find the square roots of the following numbers.
361 256 625
(a) (b) (c)
400 729 324
(d) 2.89 (e) 4.84 (f) 0.002 5

2. Find the values of the following expressions. (Give your answers correct to 3 significant
figures.)

(a) 92 + 132 (b) 212 + 17 2 (c) 292 − 102

(d) 322 − 182 (e) 8 + 40 2 − 252 (f) 352 − 242 − 13

3. In the figure, find the perimeter of quadrilateral ABCD. (Give your answer correct to 3
significant figures.)
7 cm B
A
5 cm

13 cm C

4. In the figure, WX = 47, XY = 40 and YZ = 32.

Z 32 Y

p
W 40

47

X
(a) Find the value of p.
(b) Find the value of q.
(c) Find the area of quadrilateral WXYZ.
(Give your answers correct to 3 significant figures.)
5. In the figure, find the perimeter of pentagon PQRST. (Give your answer correct to 3 significant
figures.)
T

P S

25 cm
30 cm

Q R
7 cm

6. In the figure, ∠ADB = ∠DCB.

(a) Prove that ∆ABD ~ ∆DBC .
(b) Find the perimeter of quadrilateral ABCD. (Give your answer correct to 3 significant
figures.)

D
7. In the figure, AC and BD intersect at E.
(a) Prove that AC ⊥ BD . 30

(b) Find the lengths of BC and DC. A

9
(c) Is ∆BCD a right-angled triangle? Explain briefly. E
15 16
12

B C

8. Oscar walked due west from point A at a speed of 60 m / min. After 3 minutes, he
reached point B. A tree is 425 m and 385 m away from points A and B respectively.
B A

385 m 425 m

(a) Prove that point B is due north of the tree.

(b) If Oscar continued to walk due west from point B at the same speed for 5 minutes, he
reached point C finally. Find the distance between point C and the tree. (Give your
answer correct to 3 significant figures.)
9. In the figure, find the length of PR. (Give your answer correct to 3 significant figures.)
y

P (−2, 4) Q (4, 4)

x
O

S (−4, − 2) R (2, −2)

10. Find the area of the polygon in the figure. (Give your answer correct to 3 significant figures.)
4 cm

3 cm

1 cm
2 cm

11. Simplify the following.

40 × 125
(a) 15 × 20 × 75 (b)
18
21 × 70 315
(c) (d)
54 12 × 105

12. Simplify the following.

(a) 3 12 + 2 27 (b) 4 15 + 60 (c) 5 28 + 9 63
(d) 128 − 50 (e) 8 45 − 3 20 (f) 2 150 − 3 54
 S2A Challenging Question
Chapter 7
1. The following is the average monthly service time (in h) of 50 volunteers in a social service
centre.

16 27 14 23 25 7 8 26 14 33
33 38 19 7 12 33 27 15 7 16
20 11 12 27 22 22 11 13 25 12
8 16 28 35 16 23 14 18 14 31
37 6 14 29 39 13 27 37 21 26
(a) Construct a frequency distribution table using 6 h - 10 h as the first class interval, and list
the class mark of each class.
(b) Draw a frequency polygon.
(c) If a volunteer is chosen randomly, which class interval does the service time of this
volunteer most possibly fall into?

2. The following frequency distribution table shows the lifetime of brands A and B batteries.

Lifetime (h) 11 - 12 13 - 14 15 - 16 17 - 18 19 - 20
Brand A 16 28 35 16 5
Brand B 20 32 27 14 7
(a) Draw frequency polygons on the same figure to show the lifetime of brands A and B
batteries.
(b) Which batteries, brands A or B, have longer lifetime in general?
(c) If a Brand A battery is chosen, which class interval does its lifetime most possibly fall
into?

3. The following is the time spent (in min) by S2C students on Internet during a day.

71 100 116 23 185 65 94 12 135 139

89 37 10 202 74 209 163 28 115 55
41 125 235 195 119 94 169 56 54 49
139 134 21 174 221 164 29 210 121 145
(a) Construct a frequency distribution table using 1 min - 30 min as the first class interval.
(b) Construct a cumulative frequency table.
(c) Draw a cumulative frequency polygon.
[ Horizontal scale: 5 squares = 30 min; vertical scale: 10 squares = 10 students. ]
(d) Hence
(i) find the number of students spending 60.5 min or above on internet.
(ii) find the percentage of students spending 120.5 min to 180.5 min on internet.
4. The following shows the areas (in cm 2 ) of a batch of bookmarks.

27 26 30 24 31 38 33 45 37 59 28 48 26 31 34 27
33 21 53 32 30 28 35 29 22 27 34 22 35 59 33 58
56 29 28 35 42 55 28 33 26 32 37 29 38 25 51 31
28 34 29 57 26 57 26 30 34 35 56 36 53 30 40 25
39 50 37 23 22 34 24 21 28 23 25 57 34 29 32 28
(a) Construct a frequency distribution table using 21 cm2 - 25 cm2 as the first class interval.
(b) Construct a cumulative frequency table.
(c) Draw a cumulative frequency polygon.
[ Horizontal scale: 5 squares = 5 cm2; vertical scale: 5 squares = 10 bookmarks. ]
(d) Hence
(i) find the number of bookmarks whose areas are between 28 cm2 and 53 cm2.
(ii) find the percentage of bookmarks whose areas are 32.5 cm2 or above.

5. The following frequency distribution table shows the scores of 40 students in a Chinese
Language test.

Score Frequency
30 - 39 1
40 - 49 4
50 - 59 10
60 - 69 10
70 - 79 4
80 - 89 10
90 - 99 1
(a) Construct a cumulative frequency table.
(b) Draw a cumulative frequency polygon.
[ Horizontal scale: 10 squares = score of 10; vertical scale: 10 squares = 10 students. ]
(c) Hence
(i) find P10 and P90 .
(ii) find the lower quartile, median and upper quartile of the scores.
6. The following frequency distribution table shows the volumes of a batch of bottles of juice.
Volume (mL) Frequency
280 - 284 2
285 - 289 6
290 - 294 8
295 - 299 10
300 - 304 6
305 - 309 16
310 - 314 12
315 - 319 20
(a) Construct a cumulative frequency table.
(b) Draw a cumulative frequency polygon.
[ Horizontal scale: 5 squares = 5 mL; vertical scale: 5 squares = 10 bottles of juice. ]
(c) Hence
(i) find P15 , P30 and P85 .
(ii) find the lower quartile, median and upper quartile of the volumes.
 Answer for S2A Challenging
Chapter 1
1. No 5. (a) 7.0 (b) 6.9 (c) No
2. No 6. (a) 1 (b) 1 or 2 (c) No
3. (b) No 7. 2, 3 or 4
4. (a) 298 mL: yes, 500 mL: no
(b) 500 mL

Chapter 2
1. (a) 24 g 8. (a) 10%
6. (a) 9.4 cm (b) (i) Upper limit = 100.5 g,
(b) 0.05 cm lower limit = 99.5 g
(c) 9.35 cm ≤ Actual length < 9.45 cm (ii) Upper limit = 5.025 g,
1 lower limit = 4.975 g,
(d)
188
maximum absolute error = 0.025 g
(e) 0.532% (iii) 0.5%
7. (a) Upper limit = 6.65 cm, (c) Yendy’s method
lower limit = 6.55 cm
(b) Upper limit = 19.95 cm,
lower limit = 19.65 cm
(c) No

Chapter 3
1. A = 0, B = 4, C = 2 13. (a) ( x + 1)( x + 9 )

2. A = −1, B = 6, C = 16 (b) ( x + 2)(2 x + 3 )

3. (a) No (b) Yes (c) ( x + 5)(3 x − 1)

(c) Yes (d) No 14. (a) (u − 2v )(u + 2v + 6 )

4. (a) 81x 2 − 64 (b) 16m 2 − 25n 2 (b) (3m + 4n )(3m − 4n − k )

5. (a) 100 − x 2 (b) 10 000 − x 4 (c) 6 x ( x 2 + 4)( x + 2)( x − 2)

6. (a) 9y 2 + 42y + 49 (b) 169 − 156z + 36z 2 15. (a) 91 800 000
7. (a) 4k 2 + 60hk + 225h 2 (b) 91 968 100
(b) 25u 2 − 80uv + 64v 2 16. (a) (10mn + 1)2
8. (a) 2e 2 + 2ef + 5f 2 (b) 96 x 2 + 8 x − 8 (b) ( x + 5)2 ( x − 5)2

9. (a) w 2 − 4z 2 (c) 4c 2 ( 4c − 3d ) 2

(b) 49 x 2 + 14 xy + y 2 − 4z 2 17. (a) (2x + 5) 2

10. (a) ( xy + z )( z + 4 ) (b) (2 y + 5 z )( x − 3) (b) 4(5k + 3h ) 2

(c) ( x + 2y )(3 x + 1) (d) −3( 4 y − 9 z )(2 x + 1) 18. (a) −(9 x − y − 5)( x + y − 5 )

11. 15 (b) 2(3 p + q − 3 )(3 p − q + 3 )

12. (a) a 2 b(2a − 3)(a − b ) (b) ab(a + 2b )(4ab + 1)

(c) a b ( 2a − 5 )(8b − 3a )
2 4 2
Chapter 4
1. x = − 0. 7 , y = 4. 3 6. (a) x = −8 , y = 4 (b) x = −3 , y = −9

2. x = 2 . 3 , y = − 0. 2 1
(c) x=− , y =0
2
3
3. (a) x = 0, y = 6 (b) x= , y = −1
2
7. Kenny: $25, Charles: $38
(c) x = −4 , y = 2 8. 200 g
4. (a) x = −6 , y = 4 (b) x = 15 , y = −12 9. $2 coin: 24, $5 coin: 6
(c) x = 5, y = 2 10. 40
5. (a) x = 15 , y = −12 (b) x = 9, y = 5

(c) x = −1, y = 4

Chapter 5
1. (a) x = 60°, y = 14, z = 30° 6. (b) 2.1 cm, 7.7 cm
(b) x = 70°, y = 35° (c) 112°, 68°
2. (a) x = 5, y = 4, z = 10° 9. (a) 55°
(b) x = 40°, y = 5°, z = 6 (b) 95°
3. PQ = 9 cm, QR = 7 cm, RP = 6 cm 15
16. (a) (ii)
4

4. (b) Isosceles triangle 15

(b) (ii)
4
(c) Right-angled triangle
5. (b) ∠PQR = 31°, ∠PRQ = 64° 17. (b) (i) 1
(c) 7.8 cm (ii) 1
(d) QR; Yes

Chapter 6
19 19 16 16 6. (b) 38.8
1. (a) or − (b) or −
20 20 27 27
7. (b) BC = 20, DC = 34 (c) No
8. (b) 488 m
(c) 25
or −
25
(d) 1.7 or −1.7
18 18
9. 7.21 units
(e) 2.2 or −2.2 (f) 0.05 or −0.05 10. 6.41 cm2
2. (a) 15.8 (b) 27.0 50
11. (a) 150 (b)
3
(c) 27.2 (d) 26.5
(e) 39.2 (f) 12.5 7 5 1
(c) (d)
3 2
3. 35.0 cm
4. (a) 51.2 (b) 20.4 (c) 1 120 12. (a) 12 3 (b) 6 15 (c) 37 7

5. 87.5 cm (d) 3 2 (e) 18 5 (f) 6

Chapter 7
1. (a) 4. (a)
Time (h) Class mark (h) Tally Frequency Area (cm2) Tally Frequency

21 - 25 12
6 – 10 8 6
26 - 30 24
11 - 15 13 13
31 - 35 20
16 - 20 18 7
36 - 40 8
21 - 25 23 7
41 - 45 2
26 - 30 28 8
46 - 50 2
31 - 35 33 5
51 - 55 4
36 - 40 38 4
56 - 60 8
(b)
(c) 11 h - 15 h
Area less than (cm2) Cumulative frequency

20.5 0
2. (b) Brand A
25.5 12
(c) 15 h - 16 h 30.5 36
35.5 56
40.5 64
3. (a)
45.5 66
Time (min) Tally Frequency 50.5 68
1 - 30 6 55.5 72
31 - 60 6 60.5 80
61 - 90 4 (d) (i) 46
91 - 120 6 (ii) 45%
121 - 150 7
151 - 180 4
181 - 210 5
5. (a)
211 - 240 2 Score less than Cumulative frequency
(b)
29.5 0
Time less than (min) Cumulative frequency
39.5 1
0.5 0 49.5 5
30.5 6 59.5 15
60.5 12 69.5 25
90.5 16 79.5 29
120.5 22 89.5 39
150.5 29 99.5 40
180.5 33 (c) (i) P10 = 47, P90 = 86 .5
210.5 38
(ii) Q1 = 54.5, Q 2 = 64.5, Q3 = 80.5
240.5 40
(d) (i) 28
(ii) 27.5%
6. (a)
Volume less than (mL) Cumulative frequency

279.5 0
284.5 2
289.5 8
294.5 16
299.5 26
304.5 32
309.5 48
314.5 60
319.5 80
(c) (i) P15 = 292 mL , P30 = 298.5 mL , P85 = 316.5 mL

(ii) Q1 = 296.5 mL , Q2 = 307 mL , Q3 = 314.5 mL