Scribd
Upload
63 views7 pages

Maths

This document provides an introduction to quadratic equations including definitions of key terms like degree and coefficient. It covers solving linear equations, factoring quadratic expressions, using identities and the quadratic formula. Examples are provided for simplifying expressions, converting decimals to fractions, solving quadratic equations graphically and algebraically. Students are introduced to solving higher degree polynomial and rational equations that can be reduced to quadratic equations.

Uploaded by

Hiii
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
63 views7 pages

Maths

This document provides an introduction to quadratic equations including definitions of key terms like degree and coefficient. It covers solving linear equations, factoring quadratic expressions, using identities and the quadratic formula. Examples are provided for simplifying expressions, converting decimals to fractions, solving quadratic equations graphically and algebraically. Students are introduced to solving higher degree polynomial and rational equations that can be reduced to quadratic equations.

Uploaded by

Hiii
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 7

Pearson_Chapter 1 Quadratic Equations in One Unknown (I)

Chapter 1 Quadratic Equations in One Unknown (I)

Prerequisites

1. Important terms
Number of Terms: The number of terms in a polynomial x 2 − 3x + 5 is 3. How
about 4 y 3 − 2 y 2 + 3 y + 1 ?
Degree: The degree of x 2 − 3x + 5 = 0 is 2. The degree of x 7 − 3x5 + 11 is ___________.
Coefficient: For a polynomial ax 2 + bx + c , the coefficient of x 2 is a, the coefficient of
x is b and the constant term is c. How about the polynomial 3x3 − 4 x 2 + 5 x − 6 ?

2. Linear equation in one known


A linear equation in one known is an equation which has only one unknown and the
unknown is of degree 1. For example, 3x − 1 = 0 and 4 x = 3 . A linear equation can be
written in the form of ax + b = 0 , which is known as the standard form of the equation.
3. Root and solution
When you solve 3x − 1 = 8 , you find x = 3 . We call 3 the root or solution of the
equation 3x − 1 = 8 .
4. Identities
a 2 + 2ab + b 2 = (a + b) 2
a 2 − 2ab + b 2 = (a − b) 2
a 2 − b 2 = (a + b)(a − b)
a 3 + b3 = (a + b)(a 2 − ab + b 2 )
a 3 − b3 = (a − b)(a 2 + ab + b 2 )

5. Factorization
(a) By taking out common factor
e.g. 1: 2 x − 8 = 2( x − 4)
e.g. 2: x( x − 3) − 2(3 − x) = x( x − 3) + 2( x − 3) = ( x + 2)( x − 3)
(b) By identities
e.g. x 2 − 6 x + 9 = ( x − 3) 2
(c) By cross method
e.g.: x 2 − 7 x + 10 = ( x − 2)( x − 5)
6. Simplification of surd form
e.g. 80 = 4 5 , 98 = 7 2

1
Pearson_Chapter 1 Quadratic Equations in One Unknown (I)

Conversion of decimal number into fraction


A decimal number is a rational number. The following examples show you how to change a
decimal number to a fraction.
Example 2 Conversion of decimal number into fraction
Convert the following decimal numbers into fractions (improper fraction if necessary).
(a) 0.16 (b) –0.234 (c) 2.28

Example 3 Conversion of recurring decimal number into fraction


Convert the following recurring decimal numbers into a fraction.
• • •
(a) 0.3 (b) 0.13

(c) 0.125 (d) 0.217

3
Pearson_Chapter 1 Quadratic Equations in One Unknown (I)

Example 5 Simplify the following expressions.


2 3 3 5
(a) − (b) +
3 3 5 5

(c) 125 + 20 − 150


(d) (1 + 3)(1 − 3)

2 2 1 1
(e) + (f) +
3 +1 3 −1 5+ 3 3 +1

5
Pearson_Chapter 1 Quadratic Equations in One Unknown (I)

Method 2: Using Formula 01 in your Calculator


Step 1: Rewrite the equation in the form of ax 2 + bx + c = 0 .
Step 2: Enter formula 01. Then enter the values of a EXE → b EXE → c EXE and obtain the roots.
Example 7: Complete the table and find the roots of the equation.
Equation Standard form a b c Root(s)
x 2 − 3x = 10

6 x 2 = − x + 15

16 x 2 = 49
2 x2 − x = 0

x2 − 4 x + 2 = 0

7
x2 + x − =0
4

3 5
x2 − x=
2 2

Method 3: Taking Square Root


Concept: x 2 = k
x= k
Example 8: Solve x 2 = 7 . Example 9: Solve ( x − 2) 2 = 49 .

3 4
Example 10: Solve ( x − )2 = − .
2 7

7
Pearson_Chapter 1 Quadratic Equations in One Unknown (I)

Example 13: (a) Solve the equation x 2 − x − 1 = 0 .


(b) Solve the equation x 2 − x − 1 = 0 and express your answer in surd form.

CW: Exercise 1C (1 – 19 odd numbers, 33 )

9
Pearson_Chapter 1 Quadratic Equations in One Unknown (I)

Example 14 Find the roots of x 2 − x − 2 = 0 graphically.

y = x2 − x − 2

Open-ended questions:
1. What is the disadvantage of using graphically method to solve a quadratic equation?

2. Now consider the equation 3x3 + 2 x 2 + x + 1 = 0 . Solve it by any method you know. (Try the
apps/ software called DESMO and Geogebra)

11
Pearson_Chapter 1 Quadratic Equations in One Unknown (I)

Enriching (In chapter 8) Equations reducible to Quadratic Equations


Example 21 Solve the following equations.
(a) x 4 − 7 x 2 + 12 = 0
(b) x − 4 = x + 2
(c) 32 x − 28(3x ) + 27 = 0
4 4
(d) + = −1
x −3 x +3
(e) ( x 2 − x) 2 − 8( x 2 − x ) + 12 = 0

17

You might also like