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Lab5 - Lab report

Electronic Devices and Circuits (University of Engineering and Technology Peshawar)

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Half Wave and Full Wave Rectification

LAB # 05

Spring 2020
CSE-206 ELECTRONIC CIRCUIT LAB
Submitted by: Ayaz Mehmood
Registration No: 18PWCSE1652
Class Section: A

“On my honor, as student of University of Engineering and Technology, I have neither given nor
received unauthorized assistance on this academic work.”

Student Signature: ______________

Submitted to:
Engr. Abdullah Hamid
June 22, 2020
Department of Computer Systems Engineering
University of Engineering and Technology, Peshawar

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OBJECTIVE:
The basic objective of this lab:
1. To know the basic uses of diode.
2. To know about Half wave and full wave rectification.
3. To know about the characteristic of half wave rectifier circuit and full wave rectifier circuit.
4. To design a circuit using diode and other electronic circuit.
SOFTWARE USED:
We will use proteus software to design half and full wave rectification circuit and show the output
and input graph using Oscilloscope.
COMPONENT USED:
1. Resistor
2. Ac voltage Source.
3. Diode (PIV should be greater)
4. Wires
5. Ground
6. Oscilloscope
THEORY:
HALF WAVE RECTIFICATION:
A Half Wave Rectifier is a single PN junction diode connected in series to the load resistor.
As you know a diode is to electric current like a one-way valve is to water, it allows electric
current to flow in only one direction. This simple means the diode is operational when the
diode is forward biased while it blocks the current when it is reversed biased. This property of
the diode is very useful in creating simple rectifiers which are used to convert AC to DC.
In Half wave rectification only the positive half cycle is obtained in output while the negative
cycle is discarded.
Positive half cycle:

Here for positive half cycle the value of output voltage will be= Vm-Vd where Vm is amplitude
of Input voltage and Vd is voltage drop across diode.
Negative half cycle:

Here for negative half cycle the value of output voltage will be= 0 because diode act as open
circuit and no current flow in resistor so output voltage will be zero.

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PROCEDURES OF PROTEUS:
1. Open Proteus ISIS Schematic Capture.
2. Select the Component Mode from the left Toolbar.
3. Click On P (Pick From Libraries)
4. Add all the required components.
5. Res for resistor alternative/vsine for Ac voltage 1n4007 for diode.
6. Place the components on the workspace.
7. Wire up the circuit .
8. Click on the terminal mood to add ground.
9. Click on the instrument to add Oscilloscope.
10. Connect the A terminal with start and B across resistor.
11. Click on Play Button on the bottom left to start simulation.
12. Check the graph in oscilloscope for half wave rectification.
13. To Design a PCB layout Click on the PCB layout button.
14. Make a PCB for the circuit from its component.
PROTEUS CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:

OSCILLOSCOPE:

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PCB LAYOUT:

Conclusion:
In half wave rectification only, we get the output when the diode is forward biased, we get zero
voltage at output when the diode is reversed biased it means we are throwing away the negative
or blocked cycle of the waves. It means half wave is not so much effective in Ac to Dc
conversion
Vout=Vm-Vd.
Vdc/ Average of the output voltage will be 0.318(Vm-Vd).
Vm is input voltage amplitude and Vd is voltage drop across diode.

FULL WAVE RECTIFICATION:

The bridge rectifier:
The Bridge rectifier is a circuit, which converts an ac voltage to dc voltage using both half
cycles of the input ac voltage. The circuit has four diodes connected to form a bridge. The ac
input voltage is applied to the diagonally opposite ends of the bridge. The load resistance is
connected between the other two ends of the bridge. For the positive half cycle of the input ac
voltage, diodes D1 and D2 conduct, whereas diodes D3 and D4 remain in the OFF state. The
conducting diodes will be in series with the load resistance RL and hence the load current flows
through RL. For the negative half cycle of the input ac voltage, diodes D3 and D4 conduct
whereas, D1 and D2 remain OFF. The conducting diodes D3 and D4 will be in series with the
load resistance RL and hence the current flows through RL in the same direction as in the
previous half cycle. Thus a bi-directional wave is converted into a unidirectional wave.

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Positive half cycle:

Direction of current is represented by a blue zig zag line

Negative half cycle:

Direction of current is represented by a blue zig zag line.

PROCEDURES OF PROTEUS:
1. Open Proteus ISIS Schematic Capture.
2. Select the Component Mode from the left Toolbar.
3. Click On P (Pick From Libraries)
4. Add all the required components.
5. Res for resistor alternative/vsine for Ac voltage bridge for bridge diode.
6. Place the components on the workspace.
7. Wire up the circuit as accordingly.
8. Click on the terminal mood to add ground.
9. Click on the instrument to add Oscilloscope.
10. Connect the A terminal with start and B across resistor.
11. Click on Play Button on the bottom left to start simulation.
12. Check the graph in oscilloscope for full wave rectification.
13. To Design a PCB layout Click on the PCB layout button.
14. Make a PCB for the circuit from its component.
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:

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OSCILLOSCOPE GRAPH:

PCB LAYOUT:

CONCLUSION:
In full wave rectification we use bridge rectifier which consist of four diodes. For a positive
cycle two diode operate and for the negative cycle the other two diode operate. These diodes
help in converting the AC to pulsating DC. Full wave rectification is efficient because we are
using both the cycle of input and get a positive cycle output for both positive and negative cycle.
Vout=Vm-2Vd.
Vdc/ Average of the output voltage will be 0.636(Vm-2Vd).
2Vd because two diodes are used and we have to minus them from input voltage
Vm is input voltage amplitude and Vd is voltage drop across diode.

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ASSESSMENT RUBRICS LAB # 5

Half Wave Rectification
LAB REPORT ASSESSMENT
Marks
Criteria Excellent Average Nill
Obtained
1. Objectives of All objectives of lab are Objectives of lab are Objectives of lab
Lab properly covered partially covered are not shown
[Marks 0.5] [Marks 0.25] [Marks 0]
2. Half Wave Brief introduction of half Introduction of half wave Introduction
Rectifier wave rectifier is properly rectifier is partially written about half wave
written. Labeled circuit with no labeled circuit rectifier is
diagram for half wave diagram from Proteus. missing with no
circuit from Proteus is [Marks 1] circuit diagram.
shown. [Marks 2] [Marks 0]
3. Apparatus All equipment and Equipment and electrical Equipment and
Used electrical components used components are partially electrical
are shown shown and some of the components used
[Marks 0.5] components are missing are not shown
[Marks 0.25] [Marks 0]
4. Procedure All experimental steps are Some of the experimental Experimental
shown in detail and steps are missing with no steps are missing
properly written. Steps details about output [Marks 0]
must include connection of voltage and theoretical,
function generator and practical and oscilloscope
oscilloscope, Vd ,Vo, readings measurement.
theoretical, practical and [Marks 1]
oscilloscope readings.
[Marks 2]
5. Observations All experimental results Experimental results are No experimental
& are completely shown in partially shown and some results are
Calculations
form of oscilloscope graph of the observations are shown.
and table for both circuits missing. [Marks 2] [Marks 0]
of half wave rectifier for
theoretical, practical and
oscilloscope readings.
[Marks 4]
6. Analysis Analysis and discussion Analysis and discussion Analysis is not
about all experimental about experimental results shown
results are shown are partially shown [Marks 0]
[Marks 1] [Marks 0.5]
Total Marks Obtained:__________
Instructor Signature: ______________________

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