BNR 20802

Computer Programming
Chapter 4: FUNCTION

Lecture Note
Sem 1, sesi 20202021, FTK

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 Chapter 4: FUNCTION
No. Title Page

1. Definition 3
2. Element in function 4
3. Function categories 5
4. Function calls 10

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1. Definition

What is function?
 Independent program module that is specially written
to implement the requirement of the function
 Construct a program from smaller pieces or
components.
 Each piece more manageable than the original
program
 To organize the program
 Reduce the program size

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2. Element in Function
There are 3 elements in function:
2.1 Function declaration syntax
• To declare the function
• <function type> <function name> (<parameter type>);
• Eg: int add (int a , int b)
2. Function call syntax
• To call the function from main function
• Can be used in main function, other function or itself.
• <function name> (<parameter list>);
• Eg: add (a , b);
3. Function definition syntax
• Can be define as function body
• <function type> <function name> (<parameter type and list>)
{
body of function
}

• Eg:
int add (int a , int b)
{
statement of add function
}
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3. Function categories

The categories of function divided into 4:

1. Function with no argument and no return value

2. Function with argument and no return value
3. Function with no argument and return value
4. Function with argument and return value

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3.1 Function with no argument and no return value
Function:
 not receive any argument from main()
 not return any value to the main()

No return value

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3.2 Function with argument and no return value
Function:
 receive argument from the main()
 not return any value to the main()

argument

No return value

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3.3 Function with no argument and return value
Function:
 not receive any argument from the main()
 but return the value to the main()

value

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3.4 Function with argument and return value
Function:
 receive argument from the main()
 return the value back to the main()

argument

value

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 Comparison function categories
Function Categories

No argument argument No argument argument

No return value No return value return value return value

#include <iostream> #include <iostream> #include <iostream> #include <iostream>

using namespace std; using namespace std; using namespace std; using namespace std;
int part1(); int part1(int x,int y); int part1(); int part1(int x,int y);

int main () int main () int main () int main ()

{ { { {
part1(); int a,b; cout<< "Result = "<<part1()<<endl; int a,b;
} cin>>a>>b; } cin>>a>>b;
part1(a,b); part1(a,b);
int part1() } int part1() cout<<"result = "<<part1(a,b)<<endl;
{ { }
cout<<"result = "<<endl; int part1(int x,int y) int x,y,z;
} { cin>>x>>y; int part1(int x,int y)
int z; z = x + y; {
z = x + y; return z; int z;
cout<<"result = "<<z<<endl; } z = x + y;
return 0; return z;
} }

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4. Function calls
Two ways to call the function:

1. Call by value
• Copies argument value to the function
• Only pass the value

2. Call by reference
• Call by reference
• Pass the address of the value
• Value change in function will change value in the main()

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Example: please predict output on the screen for both.

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#include <iostream> #include <iostream>
using namespace std; using namespace std;

void duplicate(int a, int b, int c) void duplicate(int& a, int& b, int& c);

{ int main()
a+=2; {
b*=4; int x=3,y=7,z=11;
c/=2; duplicate(x,y,z);
} cout << "\n\nx = " << x;
cout << "\ny = " << y;
int main() cout << "\nz = " << z;
{ return 0;
int x=3,y=7,z=11; }
duplicate(x,y,z);
cout << "\n\nx = " << x; void duplicate(int& a, int& b, int& c)
cout << "\ny = " << y; {
cout << "\nz = " << z; a+=2;
return 0; b*=4;
} c/=2;
}

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#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

int kerbau(int a, int b);

int ayam();
int lembu();

int main()
{
int f,g,d;
cout << "masukkan 2 nombor kerbau = " << endl;
cin>>f>>g;
kerbau(f,g);
d = kerbau(f,g) + 2;
cout<<"d = "<<d<<endl;
cout << "masukkan 2 nombor ayam = " << endl;
cout<<ayam();
cout << "\nmasukkan 2 nombor lembu = " << endl;
cout<<ayam() + lembu()<<endl;
cout<<kerbau(f,g) + ayam()<<endl;
return 0;
}
int kerbau(int a, int b)
{
int c;
c = a +b;
return c;
}
int ayam()
{
int x,y,z;
cin>>x>>y;
z = x + y;
return z;
}
int lembu()
{
int k,l,m;
cin>>k>>l;
m = k + l;
return m;
}

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