Module Overview

Module Mindmap

Welcome to the module ‘Introduction to Digital Media’.

Technology is constantly evolving. In the past few decades, monumental growth in science and technology has
resulted in applications that have touched every domain of human activity. Through the journey from 1G to
5G, a new media powerhouse has been ushered, as the volume and speed of communication have grown
exponentially. Coupled with the increasing accessibility of smartphones, it is not surprising that digital media
is ruling over other media of communication.

https://images.

Digital media has become an integral part of our day-to-day lives. Be it from starting your day with news and
social media apps to winding down by streaming a movie online, it is intertwined with almost everything we
do.

In this module, you will be introduced to the basic, but crucial, elements of new media. In the following video,
let’s hear what this module has to offer from our faculty member, Soma Das.

Now, you have a fair idea of the topics that will be covered in this module. Make it a point to analyse each
term that you learn with the help of everyday examples around you.

Graded Assessments

The final session of this module contains graded assessments. Please note that the marks obtained in these
graded assessments will contribute to your final scores.

So, without further ado, let’s learn more about digital media!

Disclaimer: This learning module may contain images, both still and moving, including photographs,
advertisements, third-party trademarks, video clips etc. that may constitute copyrighted material procured from
open-source, public domain, social media, or other print or digital publications, with the sole and bonafide
intention of imparting education, disseminating information and illustrating an academic concept or an issue.
We believe that this constitutes a 'fair dealing' exception under Section 52 of the Indian Copyright Act, 1957.
 New Media
Session Overview

Do you play games on your personal devices? Do you regularly check your inbox and send emails? Do you
buy groceries or clothes online? Do you regularly watch movies or shows on Netflix, Hotstar or Amazon
Prime?

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If you answered yes to even one of these questions, then you are a consumer of new media or digital media. In
very simple terms, new media involves any internet-related form of communication. Even scrolling through
social media or reading an article online makes you a user of new media.

In this session

You will learn about the following, with reference to new media:

 Significance of new media

 The transition from old media to new media
 Types of new media
 Impact of new media on society

People you will hear from in this session

Soma Das
Faculty Member

Soma Das has more than 10 years of experience in journalism, content and digital strategy, SEO and
communications. She has in-depth knowledge of editorial newsrooms and has worked with publications like
the Hindustan Times and Mid-Day. She has also taught at prestigious colleges, like the Garware Institute and
K.C. College, in Mumbai.

Attached below is a transcript of all the videos in this session. Please download it for your reference.
 New Media and Its Significance

“New media is like a megaphone. It amplifies your ability to reach more people.”
- Mark Batterson

New media has acted as a catalyst for connecting people across the globe. More so, it is able to deliver news
and other information to us in real-time, with the help of the internet. In this segment, you will be introduced to
the concept of new media. Additionally, you will learn about the significance of new media in today’s world.

In the next video, let’s hear from our faculty member, Soma Das, who will help you understand what new
media means.

In this video, you were learnt about two popular terms: mass media and new media.

Mass media, as you have learnt earlier as well, is a tool or device that can disseminate information to a large
number of people. A few examples of mass media include newspapers and television.

Additionally, you also learnt about the genres of mass media, which are as follows:

 Informative media: Newspapers, websites, etc.

 Educational media: Books, educational software, e-learning websites, etc.
 Entertainment media: Films, entertainment websites or channels, etc.
 Persuasive media: Advertisements, editorials, etc.

You understood that new media refers to information and services that are delivered to the user or consumer
either online or using digital technologies.

In the next video, you will learn about the characteristics and features of new media.

In the above video, you learnt about the characteristics of new media, which are as follows: digital, interactive,
hypertextual, networked, virtual, and simulated

You also learnt about the following features of new media:

 Information access: Starting from the ‘information superhighways’ in the 1970s to the ‘information
age,’ users now have access to a variety of information at the reach of their fingertips.
 Speed: High-speed internet access makes content available to users 24/7.
 Customisation: New media allows users to customise the information they view on a daily basis.
Furthermore, the same information is available on multiple mediums.
 Evolving: New media is dynamic and constantly evolving.

In the next segment, you will be familiarised with the transition from old media to new media.
 Timeline - Old Media to New Media

This image of a floppy disk may be quite unfamiliar to you, but functionally, it is the predecessor of all new-
age data storage devices. As you can see, technologies evolve. Likewise, new media did not appear overnight.

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Decades of technological experiments and breakthroughs resulted in this current form of communication.

In this segment, you will learn how old media transformed itself throughout the years to its current form. In the
next video, our faculty member, Soma Das, will explain this in detail.

In this video, you got a brief overview of the evolution of old media to new media. It is depicted below.

In the next segment, you will learn about the different types of new media.
 Types of New Media

So far, you have acquainted yourself with the concept of new media and its evolution. Now, it's time to learn
about the different types of new media.

In the following video, our faculty member, Soma Das, will help you learn about the different types of new
media and their characteristics, with the help of some examples.

In this video, you learnt about the different types of new media, which are as follows.

 Social media: Tool to chat with people and share text, videos, images, etc.
 Blogs: Website where entries are displayed in the reverse chronological order
 Podcast: Refers to the distribution of digital audio files via the internet
 Wikis: A collaborative platform where users can create, edit and modify content
 News aggregators: A website or app that displays news from multiple sources on a single page
 E-paper: The digital version of a print newspaper
 Streaming apps: Apps that allow you to view audio-visual content
 Search engines: Software that enables you to search for your queries online
 Messaging apps: Applications that allow you to communicate with groups or individuals instantly
and share content with them
 Email: Electronic messages (email) sent from one electronic device to another via a network
 Newsletters: An email sent periodically containing content that is based on a specific topic
 Virtual and augmented reality: VR offers immersive experiences to the viewer with the help of
headsets. AR enhances the existing view through digital content.
 Electronic games: Interactive games that are operated using digital input devices

In the next segment, you will learn about the impact of new media.
 Impact of New Media on Society

Imagine that you want to reach your city’s cricket or football stadium in time for a match whose tickets you
purchased on BookMyShow. Google Maps has suggested an alternative route for your Uber ride, as the usual
one is congested with traffic. And all this while, you have caught up watching an online class and are now
watching your favourite YouTuber on your mobile phone. Need we say more about the impact of new media in
our lives? It is literally all-pervasive, especially for the digitally-oriented Gen Z.

In this segment, you will learn about the impact of new media. In the next video, let’s hear more about it from
our faculty member, Soma Das.

In the previous video, you learnt about the impact of new media. Thanks to new media, people now have
access to content 24/7. You also learnt that new media does the following:

 Allows interactive two-way communication

 Enables collaboration
 Offers a decentralised model of new production
 Promotes user-generated content
 Collapses the barrier between the producer and the consumer
 Offers a variety of content
 Reduces the cost of media production

In the next segment, you will learn about new media and the democratisation of content.
 New Media and Democratisation of Content

In only the last decade, the way we consume information has changed fundamentally. Also, for many people,
the internet is no longer just a source of entertainment but a source of livelihood. But what is the underlying
concept behind this revolution?

In the following video, let’s explore this further with guidance from our faculty member, Soma Das.

The democratisation of content brings the power of content creation and distribution to ordinary users owing to
the increasing availability and decreasing costs of new media tools.

To summarise, you learnt that democratisation of content has:

 Shifted news production from large media houses to smaller digital enterprises;
 Promoted citizen journalism;
 Led to customisation, which results in inherent biases towards certain ideologies;
 Increased the gulf between rural and urban areas;
 Promoted viral and superficial content;
 Brought in media paywalls, which hinder democratisation; and
 Compromised fact-checking processes to publish early.

With this, you have reached the end of this session. In the next session, you will learn about the differences
between and the nuances of traditional, social and new media.
 Session Summary

Now that you have come to the end of this session, you should be able to:

 Define new media and explain its significance

 Classify the timelines of important transitions from old to new media
 Illustrate the basic types of new media
 Analyse the impact of new media on society
 Analyse democratisation of content

In the next session, you will compare and contrast between traditional media, new media and social media.
Furthermore, you will also analyse social media and messaging apps as effective tools for delivering news.

The summary document for this session is attached below for your reference.
 Traditional, Social and New Media
Session Overview

Suppose you are travelling in the metro on a Monday morning. You are catching up on your work emails on
your phone and adding tasks to your to-do list. With a better idea of your day, you quickly catch up on the
latest updates on the ongoing national elections and that terrible natural calamity that has struck your
neighbouring state. Twitter sends you a notification stating that a friend has replied to your review of a movie
that you saw last night. All this while, the person sitting across from you has been reading a popular local
newspaper.

From printing presses that ran overnight to instant news published online in a jiffy, the media and its
consumption have evolved drastically, haven’t they?

In this session

You will delve into this phenomenon a little more deeply, and also learn about:

 Differences among traditional media, social media and new media

 Social media as a tool for news dissemination
 Messaging apps as a tool for disseminating information
 News aggregators and changes in the news delivery formats

People you will hear from in this session

Soma Das
Faculty Member

Soma Das has more than 10 years of experience in journalism, content and digital strategy, SEO and
communications. She has in-depth knowledge of editorial newsrooms and has worked with publications like
the Hindustan Times and Mid-Day. She has also taught at prestigious colleges, like the Garware Institute and
K.C. College, in Mumbai.

Attached below is a transcript of all the videos in this session. Please download it for your reference.
 Comparing Traditional, Social and New Media

Do you recollect watching the 9/11 attacks on TV? And then getting live updates on the 26/11 attacks on both
TV and the internet? Compare these experiences with the recent protests in the country for various causes.
How has the coverage differed? Do you notice any differences in the inflow of information?

These examples can give us a glimpse of the different types of media and their impact. In the next video, our
faculty member, Soma Das, will discuss this in detail.

A quick summary of the points covered in the video is provided below for your reference:

 Traditional or legacy media includes newspapers, television and radio. These are non-digital media
forms and enjoy better credibility; however, their production and distribution costs are higher.
 New media encompasses news websites, aggregator apps, newsletters, blogs, etc. These are digital
media forms that are available 24/7 and disseminate news almost instantaneously. They have lower
production costs but do not enjoy the same credibility as traditional media. They also have different
revenue and production models, for example, pay-per-click.
 The tremendous rise in the volume and traffic of communication has necessitated the role of an
audience editor–someone who knows what readers or viewers want and curates information
accordingly.
 Social media includes exclusive digital platforms such as Twitter, LinkedIn, Facebook and Instagram.
These allow for incredible networking opportunities, one-to-one interactions and audience
engagement as well as conversion.

In the next segment, you will learn more about social media and its effectiveness as a tool for news
dissemination.
 Social Media as a Tool for News Dissemination

Traditional media houses are investing in their digital presence, whereas new entrants are preferring to be
digital-only enterprises. Be it through Twitter, Facebook or Instagram, news is being shared with all types of
audiences via all these online platforms.

In the next video, our faculty member, Soma Das, will help you understand how social media plays a role in
news dissemination.

In this video, you learnt the following:

 News organisations have their own social media handles.

 Reporters post news directly from their social media profiles.
 Youth prefer to consume and share news using social media.
 Fake news is a major issue on social media, and fact-checking organisations have emerged as a
counter.
 Algorithms curate news based on user preferences. So, one may miss crucial news or get biased
information.

Continuing our discussion on this phenomenon, in the next segment, let’s take a look at how messaging
applications factor into news dissemination.
 Messaging Apps as a Tool for News Dissemination

Do you receive a plethora of news articles and forwarded news pieces on WhatsApp from your social and
family network? Is this a good or a bad thing? This segment will attempt to explore answers to these questions.

In the following video, our faculty member, Soma Das, will help you find out how messaging apps are being
used to relay news and the impact of news spread via these apps.

WhatsApp, Youtube and Facebook are extremely popular for news consumption in India. Users often share
content, both verified and unverified, through WhatsApp and other messaging apps. End-to-end encryption
makes it difficult to monitor the dissemination of fake news or hate speech on such messaging platforms.

What about news aggregators? Can we trust such applications? Let’s find out in the next segment.
 News Aggregators as Tools of News Dissemination

News aggregators quickly captured vast audiences when they first came to the smartphone environment, and
why not? They were a convenient place to get caught up on all types of news from different sources, with a
seemingly endless supply of news. But do we get a balanced mix of news or are we missing out on important
information and updates?

In this segment, you will explore the concept of news aggregators. Let’s hear about it from our faculty
member, Soma Das, in the following video.

In this video, you learnt that a large chunk of the Gen Z population uses news aggregators such as Inshorts,
Dailyhunt and Google News. However, their algorithm may only show news that the reader wants to see,
creating an echo chamber, which refers to an environment where you only get information and news that
agrees with your beliefs, thus shutting out other relevant information and also differing views and beliefs.

You also learnt that news aggregators also grapple with the ethical challenges posed in terms of content
reproduction and licensing.

With this, we have come to the end of this session. In the next session, you will learn about media
convergence.
 Session Summary

Now that you have come to the end of this session, you should be able to:

 Compare and contrast between traditional media, new media and social media
 Interpret social media and messaging apps as effective tools for delivering news
 Explain and model how news aggregators work, in addition to understanding how they work to deliver
news

In the next session, you will explore the concept of media convergence with the help of a case study. In
addition, you will explore the merits and demerits of convergence media.

The summary document for this session is attached below for your reference.
 Media Convergence
Session Overview

So far, you looked at emerging new technologies and media forms in isolation. What happens when we try to
look at the whole picture? What types of connections and relationships are formed when we add industrial or
social perspectives? In other words, how is the convergence and integration of various media forms shaping
our new world? Such a macro view will help us better understand our present world and imagine the future.

In this session

You will learn about the following topics in detail:

 Convergence media
 Types of convergence media
 Three C’s of media convergence
 Advantages and disadvantages of media convergence

People you will hear from in this session

Soma Das
Faculty Member

Soma Das has more than 10 years of experience in journalism, content and digital strategy, SEO and
communications. She has in-depth knowledge of editorial newsrooms and has worked with publications like
the Hindustan Times and Mid-Day. She has also taught at prestigious colleges, like the Garware Institute and
K.C. College, in Mumbai.

Attached below is a transcript of all the videos in this session. Please download it for your reference.
 What is Media Convergence?

What happened when cricket met Bollywood and aspiring industrialists? The IPL was born: an unexpected
convergence that has been widely successful and has changed the landscape of Indian cricket. Media
convergence follows a similar logic: a merging of different media processes or forms, facilitated by the use of
technology.

In the next video, our faculty member, Soma Das, will help you understand the meaning of media
convergence.

Now that you know this definition, you must be even more curious to gain a detailed understanding of media
convergence and, specifically, its various manifestations. Interestingly, this was predicted in 1978 by Nicholas
Negroponte, who foresaw an overlap between computing, printing and broadcasting.

In the next segment, let’s explore the different types of media convergence, and you will understand it
conceptually.
 Types of Media Convergence

In previous segments, you learnt how legacy media organisations are also establishing an online digital
presence now. This is just one example of the powerful impact of media convergence.

In the next video, you will learn how experts have classified this convergence. Let's hear from our faculty
member, Soma Das, to learn more.

Harry Jenkins (2006) noted these five types of media convergence:

 Technological convergence, where existing technologies merge to create enhanced and more
efficient products
 Economic convergence, where one company operates several different products within the same
industry
 Cultural convergence, where content gets both adapted and appropriated across platforms
 Global convergence, where one is exposed to different cultures through media, influencing and
ideologies
 Organic convergence, akin to multimedia multitasking, is a consequence of a world where several
media co-exist

In the next video, we will take a look at another classification of media convergence.

Graham Meikle and Sherman Young (2011) divided media convergence into these four types:

 Technological convergence, where newer technologies replace existing ones. Today, we are
witnessing a phenomenon of digitisation, which rests on the three C’s: computing, communication and
content. For example, IoT refers to interconnected devices that share vast amounts of data to adapt and
improve collectively through AI and machine learning.
 Industrial convergence, where one organisation generates revenue through different platforms and
products; for example, Google earns ad revenue through its search engine and also offers workspace
services through Google Drive, Gmail, etc.
 Social convergence highlights the emergence of social networks, where different users become active
media participants.
 Textual convergence, where the same content is adopted by and adapted to different platforms and
mediums; for example, the Harry Potter series.

In the next segment, let’s examine media convergence through a small case study.
 Media Convergence: An Example

In 2007, Steve Jobs ushered in a new era of mobile technology - the smartphone. His keynote presentation on
the iPhone is still considered to be one of the best presentations of all time. In his presentation, he introduced
the iPhone as three devices merged: an iPod, a phone and an internet communicator. The smartphone is indeed
a unique device!

In the next video, you will gain an understanding of this device and why it is a typical example of media
convergence. Let's hear from our faculty member, Soma Das, to learn more.

Through this video, you learnt how the smartphone integrates different media to become an extraordinarily
capable device. They run their own operating systems, and similar to computers, they can perform complex
tasks.

In the next segment, let’s take a look at some advantages and disadvantages of media convergence.
 Advantages and Disadvantages of Media Convergence

While media convergence has certainly changed our lives by bridging distances and information gaps, it is
important to note the challenges associated with it.

This segment will highlight the benefits and challenges of media convergence. In the next video, let’s hear
more about both perspectives in detail from our faculty member, Soma Das.

To summarise, some of the advantages of media convergence are as follows:

 Instantaneous news production and consumption globally
 Customisation and personalization
 Democratisation
 Reduced costs of production and distribution with new revenue models

Simultaneously, some of the disadvantages are as follows:

 Competition to grab user attention
 Digital addiction and division
 Information overload
 Privacy and crime concerns
 User is just a consumer - a means to an end
 Technology-related issues

With this, you have come to the end of this session, where you gained an understanding of media convergence,
its different forms as well as its advantages and disadvantages. In the next session, you will learn about online
journalism.
 Session Summary

Now that you have come to the end of this session, you should be able to:

 Define media convergence and explain its different types

 Critically analyse an example of media convergence
 Analyse the merits and demerits of convergence media

In the next session, you will explore online journalism and learn certain guidelines on how to create effective
copies for online journalism.

The summary document for this session is attached below for your reference.
 Online Journalism
Session Overview

Now that we have a better understanding of online media, how does digital journalism place itself in this vast
landscape? How do enterprises leverage new technologies to deliver differentiated experiences? How do you
identify good online journalism? What are some of the things to keep in mind before writing your first news
article for a digital medium? These are some questions that we will consider through this session.

In this session

You will learn the following, with reference to digital journalism:

● Meaning of digital journalism
● Types of online journalism
● Characteristics of online journalism
● Guidelines to create copies for online journalism
● Misinformation and fake news
● Regulation of digital media in India

People you will hear from in this session

Soma Das
Faculty Member

Soma Das has more than 10 years of experience in journalism, content and digital strategy, SEO and
communications. She has in-depth knowledge of editorial newsrooms and has worked with publications like
the Hindustan Times and Mid-Day. She has also taught at prestigious colleges, like the Garware Institute and
K.C. College, in Mumbai.

Attached below is a transcript of all the videos in this session. Please download it for your reference.
 Overview and Purpose of Online Journalism

“If journalism is the first draft of history, then digital literacy is the first blush of the first page of history.”
- Michael Eric Dyson (American academic)

The speed and outreach that the Internet provides have revolutionised journalism. Stories that would take days
or even weeks to form and reach the readers are now published in a matter of minutes. Audiences are now
engaged through the integrated use of various media, with an opportunity to add to the existing narrative.

In this segment, let's explore this concept further, by looking at the definition and types of digital journalism.

Although the definition of digital journalism is quite simple, Mark Deuze reminds us that a journalist has to
make several decisions regarding the format, interactivity, and hypertextuality of their story.

Mark Deuze then goes on to explain the four types of digital journalism:
● Mainstream news websites (ndtv.com, timesofindia.com)
● Index and category websites (google.com, duckduckgo.com)
● Meta and comment websites (newslaundary.com, medianama.com)
● Share and discuss websites (wordpress.com, medium.com)

However, since Deuze’s classification, the landscape has changed further to include digital-only websites or
those that are exclusively on social media.

In the next video, let us break down Deuze’s explanation further to understand the characteristics of online
journalism.

In this video, you learnt that the online medium can provide context through hyperlinks, present information
using text, images and video, and also allow users to comment on and share the content.

In the next segment, you will learn about the differences between print and online journalism.
 Print Media vs Online Journalism

Has the Internet made print media obsolete? Are legacy media houses dying? Are there inherent differences
between the two? If you have ever wondered about these questions and more, the next video has a few
answers.

Let's hear from our faculty member, Soma Das, to learn more.

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To summarise, there is no clear winner yet, although both print and online journalism have their own strengths
and shortcomings.

Given below are the key learning from this video:

 Print media is mostly paid content, whereas online media is generally free, but may have paywalls.
 You need to access print media through a physical copy, whereas online media only requires an
Internet-enabled device.
 Print media appeals to a mixed-age audience, whereas online media is preferred by the youth.
 Online media allows for lower production costs and greater ad control and targeted advertising.
 Online journalism is real-time, customisable, interactive, representative, cost-effective, and uses
multimedia elements.

Separately, you learnt that online journalism has its pitfalls, which are as follows:

 Lower reader attention spans

 High information overload
 Low credibility
 Different regulations
 An unclear revenue model

In the next video, you will go through the key advantages and disadvantages of online journalism.

In the video above, you acquainted yourself with the pros and cons of online journalism.

Now that we have our basics in place, how do we actually go about creating content for online journalism? Let
us learn that in the next segment.
 Guidelines to Create Effective Online Copies

Have you ever felt a burning desire to write? Maybe you watched a movie you really liked and wanted to share
your views. Or you wanted to express your opinion on your local politician’s actions. How should you go
about this? Although sites like WordPress have made it extremely easy to self-publish, there are still a few
rules one must follow to stand out.

In the next video, our faculty member, Soma Das, will share the guidelines that can help you develop effective
copies for online journalim.

This hands-on video took us through the basic skeleton to keep in mind while drafting online content:

 Knowing your target audience is essential to tailor your content for them.
 Use techniques such as the inverted pyramid to retain your reader’s attention.
 Add multimedia elements to engage your audience and deepen their understanding.
 Make sure that your copy is clear and concise.
 Weave in scope for interactivity (for example, tweetable quotes) to attract new audiences and increase
your outreach.
 Hyperlink stories and information to provide value
 Follow ethical and copyright guidelines

In the next segment, you will learn about fake news and how to combat it.
 Fake News and the Need for News Verification

In February 2019, it was claimed that the Indian Air Force struck a terrorist camp in Balakot, Pakistan.
Following the debate on whether the attack actually took place (India declared it a success while Pakistan
denied any impact), Whatsapp groups saw an increased circulation of images as proof of the attack. However,
these images were traced to different events in the past (as far as 2005) and had been manipulated by the
original sender(s). It has been widely touted that the publicity of this event played a major role in the national
elections that followed.

Considering the huge impact that such fake news can have, let us try to understand how we can tackle it in the
next video.

In this video, you learnt about two different aspects that need to be considered in fake news:

 Misinformation refers to inaccurate information that is not intended to harm or deceive readers.
 Disinformation is misleading information that aims to deceive readers and stimulate certain
ideologies.

You also learnt that to combat misinformation, we should:

 Read news from multiple trusted sources

 Confirm authenticity before sharing
 Ensure to use only trustworthy sources as a journalist

The below red flags can help us clearly identify fake news:

 Ragebait (content that makes you angry)

 Hyperpartisan appeals (content that provides a biased view)
 Content with unclear or no sources

As responsible citizens, we must be vigilant and verify news:

 Check fact-checking websites
 Use trusted media houses and sites
 Discern the difference between news and opinions
 Read beyond the headline

Check how other news outlets are covering the same story

Watch out for omission of important details or magnification of a small issue

With this toolkit, we hope that you can make better and informed opinions when you come across a news
article. However, is this the only way to combat fake news or are there some regulations in place? Let’s find
out in the next segment.
 Regulations for Digital Media in India

In 2021, the government of India and Twitter have been at loggerheads on multiple occasions. Be it with the
government’s demand for removal of certain accounts, or Twitter’s non-compliance with the new IT rules, the
debate on regulation has thrived and shows the important role that regulation plays in India. Considering a
global perspective, the European Union's General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) is considered the gold
standard for data regulation.

Let us understand more about regulations from our faculty member, Soma Das, in this video.

In this video, you learned that the Information Technology (Guidelines for Intermediaries and Digital Media
Ethics Code) Rules, 2021 are India’s latest regulatory guidelines and now oversee digital media and OTT
platforms.

Broadly, some of the new regulations include:

● Appointment of compliance officers in social media companies

● Disclosure of origin of harmful messages
● Following the guidelines set down by the Press Council of India
● Barring of defamatory, obscene, or harmful content that threatens our sovereignty
● Classification of content by age suitability on OTT platforms
● 36-hour window to remove offensive content after notification
 Session Summary

Now that you have come to the end of this session, you should be able to:

 Explain the meaning and purpose of online journalism

 Compare between print and online journalism
 Apply certain guidelines to create effective copies for online journalism
 Critically analyse the phenomenon of fake news and implement effective measures to identify them
 Explain the basic regulatory rules for digital media in India

Now, you have a detailed understanding of digital media's evolution and basics.

The summary document for this session is attached below for your reference.

Graded Assessments
Graded Assessments

Hello learners! These assessments are graded and will contribute to your final marks. Just to refresh, here is the
marking scheme for these assessments.
All the best!