‫‪University of Technology – Iraq, Baghdad, IRAQ.

‬‬
‫‪Department of Communications Engineering.‬‬
‫‪Optical Communications Systems Engineering.‬‬

‫)‪(Digital Signal Processing II Laboratory‬‬

‫‪Experiment Number: 7‬‬
‫”‪Experiment Name: “Implementation of IIR band-pass Filter‬‬

‫اسم صاحب التقرير‪ :‬موسى سعد لعيبي‪.‬‬

‫اسم الجامعة‪ :‬الجامعة التكنولوجية – العراق‪ ،‬بغداد‪ ،‬العراق‪.‬‬
‫القسم‪ :‬قسم هندسة االتصاالت‪.‬‬
‫الفرع‪ :‬فرع هندسة نظم االتصاالت الضوئية‪.‬‬
‫الدراسة‪ :‬الصباحية‪.‬‬
‫المرحلة‪ :‬الرابعة‪.‬‬
‫السنة الدراسية‪ 2023 – 2022 :‬م‪.‬‬

‫اسم المختبر‪ :‬مختبر معالجة االشارة الرقمية ‪.II‬‬

‫تاريخ اجراء التجربة‪ :‬االثنين ‪ 2023/5/8‬م‪.‬‬
‫تاريخ تسليم التقرير‪ :‬االثنين ‪ 2023/5/15‬م‪.‬‬
‫االيميل الجامعي‪[email protected] :‬‬ ‫اسماء المجموعة‪ .1 :‬موسى سعد لعيبي‬
‫االيميل الجامعي‪[email protected] :‬‬ ‫‪ .2‬احمد مازن فاضل‬

‫اسم التدريسي‪ :‬الدكتور مصطفى سامي‪.‬‬

‫اسم الفني‪ :‬المدرس المساعد رسل مصدق‪.‬‬
‫اسم المشرف‪ :‬المدرس الدكتور سرمد فوزي‪.‬‬

‫‪1‬‬
Digital Signal Processing Laboratory II Exp.No.7: Implementation of IIR band-pass Filter

▪ Aim
To implement IIR band-pass filter for a different type of IIR filter.

▪ Theory
The classical IIR filters - Butterworth, Chebyshev Types I and II, elliptic, and Bessel, all
approximate the ideal “brick wall" filter in different ways. The Signal Processing Toolbox
in MATLAB provides functions to create all these types of IIR filters in both the analog
and digital domains and in lowpass, high-pass, bandpass, and band-stop configurations.
For most filter types, you can also find the lowest filter order that fits a given filter
specification in terms of passband ripple, stopband attenuation, and the transition band
widths. Figure 1 shows the amplitude response requirements for the bandpass IIR filter.

Figure (1): General amplitude response requirements for the bandpass IIR filter types.

Bandpass filter specification object in MATLAB used ‘d=fdesign.bandpass’ which

constructs a bandpass filter specification object d, applying default values for the properties
Fstop1, Fpass1, Fpass2, Fstop2, Astop1, Apass, and Astop2 — one possible set of values
you use to specify a bandpass filter.
The string entries are defined as follows:
1. Ap: Amount of ripple allowed in the pass band. Also called Apass.
2. Ast1: Attenuation in the first stop band in decibels (the default units). Also called
Astop1.

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Digital Signal Processing Laboratory II Exp.No.7: Implementation of IIR band-pass Filter

3. Ast2: Attenuation in the second stop band in decibels (the default units). Also called
Astop2.
4. BWp: Bandwidth of the filter passband. Specified in normalized frequency units.
5. BWst: Bandwidth of the filter stopband. Specified in normalized frequency units.
6. C: Constrained band flag. This enables you to specify passband ripple or stopband
attenuation for fixed-order designs in one or two of the three bands.

In the specification string 'N,Fst1,Fp1,Fp2,Fst2,C', you cannot specify constraints in both

stopbands and the passband simultaneously. You can specify constraints in any one or two
bands.

1. F3dB1: cutoff frequency for the point 3 dB point below the passband value for the first
cutoff. Specified in normalized frequency units. (IIR filters)
2. F3dB2: cutoff frequency for the point 3 dB point below the passband value for the
second cutoff. Specified in normalized frequency units. (IIR filters)
3. Fc1: cutoff frequency for the point 6 dB point below the passband value for the first
cutoff. Specified in normalized frequency units. (FIR filters)
4. Fc2: cutoff frequency for the point 6 dB point below the passband value for the second
cutoff. Specified in normalized frequency units. (FIR filters)
5. Fp1: frequency at the edge of the start of the pass band. Specified in normalized
frequency units. Also called Fpass1.
6. Fp2: frequency at the edge of the end of the pass band. Specified in normalized
frequency units. Also called Fpass2.
7. Fst: frequency at the edge of the start of the first stop band. Specified in normalized
frequency units. Also called Fstop1.
8. Fst2: frequency at the edge of the start of the second stop band. Specified in normalized
frequency units. Also called Fstop2.
9. N: filter order for FIR filters. Or both the numerator and denominator orders for IIR
filters when na and nb are not provided.
10.Na: denominator order for IIR filters.
11.Nb: numerator order for IIR filters.

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Digital Signal Processing Laboratory II Exp.No.7: Implementation of IIR band-pass Filter

Graphically, the filter specifications look similar to those shown in the following figure.

▪ MATLAB code an IIR band-pass Filter

d = fdesign.bandpass('Fst1,Fp1,Fp2,Fst2,Ast1,Ap,Ast2', .35,.45,.55,.65,60,1,60);
Hbutter = design(d,'butter','SystemObject',true);
Hcheby1 = design(d,'cheby1','SystemObject',true);
Hcheby2 = design(d,'cheby2','SystemObject',true);
Hellip = design(d,'ellip','SystemObject',true);
hfvt = fvtool(Hbutter,Hcheby1,Hcheby2,Hellip, 'DesignMask', 'on',...
'Color','white');
axis([0 1 -70 2])
legend(hfvt, 'Butterworth','Chebyshev Type I','Chebyshev Type II','Elliptic', 'Location', 'Northwest')

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Digital Signal Processing Laboratory II Exp.No.7: Implementation of IIR band-pass Filter

▪ Procedure
1. Open the MATLAB software by double clicking the icon on desktop.
2. Open the new M-file by using file menu.
3. Write the program in new file.
4. Click on save and run the icon.
5. Perform error check which displayed on command window.
6. Plot the waveforms which displays on figure window.
7. Note down the values, which displays on the work space.
8. Write a MATLAB program to design a bandpass filter for each type of classical IIR
Filters.
9. Draw the relationship between the magnitude (dB) and normalized frequency for
Butterworth, Chebyshev Type I, Chebyshev Type II and Elliptic for band-pass.

▪ Discussion

For band-pass filter compare among the classical IIR filters types - Butterworth,
Chebyshev Types I and II, and elliptic.

Parameter Butterworth Chebyshev-I Chebyshev-II Elliptic

Passband It has maximally It has a passband They have no passband
ripple flat passband and ripple that can be ripple
no passband ripple adjusted based on the
filter design
Stopband It has the poorest The elliptic filter has the best stopband
attenuation stopband attenuation among the classical IIR filter types,
attenuation followed by the Chebyshev Type I and Type II
filters
Transition It has the widest The Chebyshev Type I and elliptic filters have
bandwidth transition the sharpest transition bandwidths, followed by
bandwidth the Chebyshev Type II filter

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