Ankita Drone
Ankita Drone
Ankita Drone
Mini Project
ON
DELIVERY DRONE
Submitted By:
ANKITA SHARMA
INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMNT RESEARCH AND
TECHNOLOGY (IMRT) BUSINESS SCHOOL
(Affiliated with Dr. A.P.J Abdul kalam Technical University,
Lucknow)
BATCH-2022-2024
1
DECLARATION
Signature =
Name = ANKITA SHARMA
Date = 1 MAR 2023
2
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
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ABSTRACT
Drones usually define as an Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) or Unmanned Aircraft Systems
(UASs). It is a flying robot that can be remotely controlled or fly autonomously with complex
systems and components. Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) has become more famous and
available as the technology becomes cheaper. All the technologies always have an
improvement and involve through the research. Drones was first created in the beginning of
1900s and was modified in many ways until todays. With the different purpose and knowledge,
drones was adjusted and improved more advance in order to achieve their desire and follow
the trend of technological progress. Every technology was invented through the research in
order to solve their own’s problem. Just like the problem of COVID-19 pandemic, everyone
needs to avoid a close contact and touching between each other because to prevent from
infection of virus. So, we conduct the research to build a delivery drone that will fly
autonomously while carrying some package of delivery during this pandemic. This thesis is
about the production and capabilities of delivery drone to contribute in the logistic networks
system which is delivery system while avoid the close contact between peoples in Malaysia.
This paper will introduce a prototype system for the suitable delivery drone that involve many
knowledges. It is done by making the overview of all current technologies and components of
previous drones.
This prototype will include design decisions which is body and electronic design, components,
target market of drones, possible cost, how it is working, advantages, disadvantages and the
future recommendation of drones. The goal of this prototype is to show how the delivery drone
will help us in the logistic networks system especially during pandemic. Delivery drones
promise to be fast, cost reducing and eco-friendly for all people. These are a further developed
technology and can help reducing the human burden in the future. Even if these drones can be
used to help the human in many ways, the new problems and challenges will appear. So, more
research and testing will be needed to prove the delivery drone can be complete and use in a
safe manner and hopefully will help in human’s work in daily life.
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TABLE OF CONTANTS
1 Introduction
2 Aim of making the Delivery drone
3 Target Market
4 Possible cost of Delivery drone
5 How does drone Delivery work
6 Benefits of drone Delivery Services
7 The Disadvantage of Delivery drone
8 Future Recommendation
9 Material and Design
10 The Frame
11 Conclusion
12 BIBLIOGRAPHY
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INTRODUCTION
The project that our group planning to implement is a delivery drone. The components used in
delivery drone is mostly same to the normal drone but the different is the normal drone basically
controlled by someone while the delivery drone is improvised that control autonomously which
is no human handling it. As we might know, the drone is a flying unmanned aircraft technology
that fly controlled by human or fly autonomously by the software. The drone can make
beneficial to human by having the various functions such as recording something with 360
degrees view from the sky, becoming guard security and delivering the items. In general, the
concept of drones has been taken from 1849 which is a war happened when Austria attacked
Venice by using unmanned balloons. From this basic concept giving idea to the human to make
the drones changed from illegal functions to the legal functions.
Besides, in the beginning of 1900s, the first quadcopters were implemented. At the time, the
copter was designed imaginatively. In addition, the created drone nowadays is further in
advanced cause at the early 1900s the flying aircraft achieve only 0.6 meters and also sadly
need the human energy to make it flying. This making idea to the engineers for making a self-
controlling drone that can fly as high as possible. Then, after World War 1, in 1916 the first
autonomous aircraft was built by Archibald Low called Ruston Proctor Aerial Target. The
pilotless aircraft used the radio guidance system at that time. The concept of pilotless drone
still make sense nowadays cause it has more advantages than disadvantages. Furthermore, in
1937 the term of drone firstly launching by developing Curtiss-N2C-2 drone. Besides, in 1930s
the first a remote controlled model aircraft was built by Reginald Denny and Walter Righter.
After that, in 1960s RC planes kit was built and sold at reasonable cost and this attracted the
enthusiasts to build and fly it for fun. This idea had been taken by industry drones to grow the
economic. In 1980 till 1989, alternative powers sources which is solar power had been attracted
attention by engineers. This had led manufacturing AeroVironment HALSOL.
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Next, in 2000, in Afghanistan they launch a famous drone called Predator for projectile and
also finding Osama Bin Laden. During 1990s-2010, drone start to grow and accepted by human
until now. During the time, Raven drone was mostly used by customers. In the early 2010s, a
lot of customers used drone as a hobbyist and other new functional drones start to be introduced
such as delivery vehicles. In addition, drone was added extra equipping like cameras. This is
because the cameras are commonly used in photography and videography. The graphic or view
from the sky is much beautiful. As for example, to make it a movie better in graphic, the director
commonly use drone with embedded cameras. Then, the advances drone allows us to control
speed of 4 or more rotors individually. This will improve the stability of the drones to fly and
can be used in number of ways.
Drone has been made improvising to delivery drone. Nowadays, there are many countries in
developing and enlarging the uses of delivery drone. The knowledge or idea to build delivery
drone in certain country is still less. In Malaysia, the uses of delivery drone to deliver the items
is still zero due to the government still depend on the sending the items by human energy. There
are many sending items’ companies in Malaysia using human energy such as Po’s Laju, Grab
food, Food panda, DHL and Lala move. Therefore, they think the delivery drone is no need in
the country to send the items. Otherwise, they should try using the delivery drone in sending
items for replacing or helping human’s energy.
In addition, all country also should invent and use the delivery drone like the USA that currently
introduced their delivery drone and firstly used by the consumers. On October 2019, Wing
company from US becoming the first in operating air delivery service by drones to homes. The
items that usually brought by delivery drone created by Wing Company are packages,
medication, snacks, and gifts and these will be transported to the consumers in Christiansburg,
Va. The Wing company helped FedEx Express and Walgreens in sending the items to the
customers by using drone. This made a history to the World and also in America cause the Wing
company was the first company collaborated with other delivery services in US and sent items
pilotless.
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AIM OF MAKING THE DELIVERY DRONES
The objective implementing the delivery drones is to make it easy deliver items to homes. The
delivery drone that our project aims and target to the residents of apartment, flat, townhouse
and condo. This is because without the delivery drone it will troublesome the customers and
senders. As for example, the senders or the customers will be forced to climb up or fall down
the stairs for receiving and also sending the items. This will impact their time to do other job.
In addition, with the aid of delivery drone it will reduce the senders’ job and also not disturbing
the customers’ working time. Then, the speed of delivery drone also aids in sending the items
as soon as possible. The delivery drone also will send the items on time. Nowadays, customers
often complain the item received lately. Therefore, the delivery drones should be used by
delivery services.
The implementing of delivery drones also to save the energy. Mostly delivery drone uses the
rechargeable battery to move the rotors. The rechargeable battery is renewable energy that can
be used for long-lasting. Some others drone uses solar energy in charging their drones. This
will reduce the uses of non-renewable energy such as fossil fuels, coal, petroleum, and natural
gas. This is because sending item by using vehicles like motorcycles, cars, vans and also lorries
will spend a lot of non- renewable energy. Besides, it will also save human’s energy. This is
because the customers and senders do not waste their energy when taking or sending the items
especially for the residents of apartment, flat and condo at high floor.
Next, the aim to implement the delivery drone is growing up economic. This is because the
invention of delivery drone will provide the market to other country. This will enlarge and
increase up the national’s currency. In addition, the invention of delivery drone developing the
national’s science and technology industry. Then, the country with delivery drone technology
attracts the attention of businessman to invest the money. The delivery drone aid in growing up
economic.
Then, the objective implementing delivery drone also for environmental- friendly. This is
because the delivery drone uses renewable energy that does not release out the harmful
substances to the environment. The renewable energy like battery or solar used by the delivery
drone will not affect the condition of air surrounding. Otherwise, the uses of vehicles that have
combustion of fuel in sending the items to somewhere will affect the environment surrounding.
As for example, the uses of cars, vans, motorcycles, and lorry may cause the air pollution. This
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is because those vehicles exhaling out smoke from combustion of fuel that contain harmful
substances such as carbon monoxide and sulfuric dioxide that harm to human. Therefore, the
implementing of delivery drone will reduce the air pollution and make air surrounding clean.
Furthermore, the traffic congestion will be reduced if the delivery drone is manufactured.
Nowadays, the traffic congestion becoming serious due to a lot of vehicles use the road to a
destination. In addition, a lot of delivery company services use the land vehicles to send the
items to the customers that make the road becoming busier. Therefore, we should use the
delivery drone to reduce the traffic jam. This is because delivery drone use through air to send
customers’ item. This will give more benefits as air road do not busy as land road. The choice
of air road by delivery drone will speed up the time in sending items compared to vehicles on
the land. Hence, the faster sending items, the more economic growth.
Lastly, in 2019-20 till now all country is infected with the new virus which is Corona Virus
named as Covid-19. The increasing of the death cases makes all country taking a careful care
to prevent from infection of Corona Virus. In addition, all country took an action such as keep
the social distance. So, what is our planning is to implement the delivery drone that keep the
distance away from others. This is because the delivery drone sending items to customer’s
home autonomously without pilot. Otherwise, if we are using the vehicles with the pilot in
sending items, then it will tend to touched each other. Therefore, the risk to be infected by
Corona Virus is becoming high. In addition, delivery drone also can be used to send the
vaccines to hospitals. Hence, delivery drone is very useful during Covid-19.
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Target market
Introduce delivery drone for E-commerce businesses. E-commerce like Lazada, Shopee and
Carousel should have delivery system designed to get packages to the customer in less than 30
minutes. The deliver drone helps to cut last miles deliver time and minimize the cost associated
with it. As the delivery drone services market expands overtime, it is anticipated that the trend
of outsourcing delivery service by E- commerce businesses to other businesses that own and
operates a drone fleet.
Introduce delivery drone for restaurants. The logistics of delivery food to customers in their
home have always represented a significant problem for restaurant owners. The cost are high
and variable workloads makes it difficult to pre-plan staffing levels. One solution to getting
food into the homes of customers could be the introduction of restaurant delivery drone. The
legislation will catch up to make restaurant delivery drone a simpler way to deliver food for
many restaurants as well as opening home delivery to many restaurants who have never tried
it before.
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How does drone delivery work?
After the customer make a purchase an autonomous drone delivery network will work like this:
• They are sorted automatically at existing facilities (hubs, warehouses, cross- docking
sites) based on specific criteria such as size, weight, and time critical.
• The end customers equipped with an app, get alerts when the drone is nearby.
• The drone uses GPS data from the customer’s smartphone to identify the location and
make delivery direct to the customer location.
• The drone safely and precisely delivers its contents by lowering a tether, while the drone
is suspended in the air.
• In case of returns, it picks the package up right from the first mile of the customer.
Drones have GPS and flight computers installed on their software. With this, the drone
communicates its location to the time stamp server. When this information is received by the
server, it is forwarded to the external notification system to send updates to the customer. This
way, the deliver and customer will always know where your delivery is going.
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Benefits of drone delivery service
Since the declaration of a pandemic, local officials have asked residents to keep a healthy
distance and to restrict exposure to the virus. This significantly impacted the food and
package distribution systems since it could be a potential factor of contamination. The use of
commercial drones is encouraging as most of the commercial drones can be updated with
payload drop mechanism and used for package deliveries without risking both parties. The
drone distribution system is especially relevant in areas where the existence of the virus is
imminent, such as hospitals that actively manage the virus.
Drones are an environmentally-friendly delivery choice. They run batteries and eliminate the
use of degenerative fuels and the creation of carbon emissions. On the other hand, when your
pack leaves the warehouse, it spends most of its time on the road. The transport used to
deliver this package emits fossil duels that are used for energy. These fossil fuels are harmful
to the atmosphere.
The other advantage is the safety and speed at which the packages are shipped. Since drones
don't have to face road traffic and long land routes, drone deliveries are big time-savings.
Drivers bringing packages to the consumer's home assume a level of risk due to their road-
based activities. There is always a chance that they might be involved in an accident, run out
of fuel, or encounter delays due to road construction. Delivery workers are often exposed to
hazardous conditions, such as slippery stairway steps. Delivery drones create a more stable
delivery system because they eliminate all of these variables from the equation. Through
using a drone, people can only concentrate on order fulfilment and customer service as
drones deliver the items.
Next is increase the accuracy of the deliver products. Delivery drones are more efficient when
delivering products to the right recipient. They have a higher accuracy rate on delivering
materials to the right recipient than a human. Incidents of wrong recipients can significantly
lessen. Thanks to GPS technology, delivery drones could automatically navigate to a specific
address when the product is ordered by the customer. This technology has a higher
performance rate compared to humans when performing the same tasks. Drone delivery also
can increase job opportunity. When delivery drone is introduced, it provides more
opportunity to others as it needs more observer for the tracking of the delivery drone. This
will help in reducing the amount of unemployment in Malaysia. Thus, it helps to increase the
economic development of INDIA
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The Disadvantages of delivery drone
The effect of the battery. It requires an improvement in battery technologies to be effective.
The power requirements of the average delivery drone could lead to a loss of power in 20
minutes or less. This does not provide enough flying time to get the package to its intended
destination or get the drone back to the headquarters of the company. If the delivery drone fails
to perform its duty to the consumer, there will be a rise in customer complaints, product prices
and insurance premiums. If you couldn't get back to the business, you'd still have the logistics
of replacing or locating missing drones.
There is a possibility that drones may be stolen. It does not take a lot of expertise to detach the
power system from a delivery drone. This risk is another issue that businesses must face if they
want to follow this express delivery option. Anyone can uninstall the equipment at any time by
purchasing a small product from their favourite e-commerce website. If this action has taken
place, it may be a struggle for the business to have some means of recovering their land.
Regulations and regulations are likely to require an update to mitigate this danger if this service
is going to become a reality.
Delivery drones are offering a privacy risk that we need to consider. One of the ways that this
delivery system will possibly provide drone delivery services is with the use of a camera.
Streaming video to the company's headquarters will allow managers to know if distribution has
been completed successfully. This technology could help to reduce the risk of theft in the future
as well. The problem with a drone camera is that you can pick up a video of people and assets
that are not connected to the transaction. There would be no consent given by the people who
are caught in this stream. An overhaul of the laws and regulations will also have to be
implemented here.
Another downside for drones is their weight and distance limitations. This method of delivery
can only be used for smaller, lighter items shipped over small areas. Drone is generally a small
device. So, the drone can only hold an item depending on the weight of the thing. It would be
a concern if the parcel was too large, then the drone would not be able to achieve its capabilities.
Distance also plays a part in this case. If the address is too far away, the drone will be out of
range. Therefore, the item cannot be shipped. Noise emissions may be a matter of concern.
This isn't a major problem right now, since there aren't that many drones in use in any given
place. But, as drone delivery becomes more common, noise can become a problem that needs
to be addressed.
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Future recommendation
These pros and cons delivery drones are still hypothetical at this point because the
technologies we use for this logistics option are still under development. This choice could, in
the future, become the regular express delivery service for customers who shop online. It
might be an idea that's less than five years away from being a reality. If we can learn from our
mistakes when continuing to finance research and development products, more businesses
will be thinking about implementing a service in the future.
Enlarge the Scope of the Delivery. The usage of the drone should not be only for dosage
delivery, but it should be widened for international shipping, here would no longer be a need
for airplanes to transport some goods, delivery trucks to offer home delivery, and other fossil
fuel costs because warehouses would be conveniently located in most urban areas. That
reduces the price of shipping and handling because there are fewer logistics to complete.
Increase the Capacity of the drone. Increase the capacity is by increasing the power and the
endurance of the drones, so then it could carry and deliver not only small amount or small
size of products but then it may could deliver a larger size of box and more than 50 kg
weighed products.
Add Artificial Intelligence (AI). Artificial intelligence (or AI) is software that is able to use
and analysed data, algorithms and programming to perform actions, anticipate problems and
learn to adapt to a variety of circumstances with and without supervision. This usage of AI
could help the drone to operate without human observation in any circumstances. This may
help during the technical problem.
The solution for the accelerated and more efficient roll-out of Prime Air and other drone
services would be to circumvent the nasty, cumbersome, costly grid infrastructure and use
solar power. Through using light solar cells to refuel drones on- the-go, they would be able to
fly non-stop for longer periods of time. These solar- powered drones would need less
maintenance, longer battery life, and less will be required since drone hubs can be installed
anywhere at any time. Solar-powered drone deployment is getting simpler and quicker,
making it more responsive to consumer demands. Taken one step further, the deployment of
solar-powered drones will also contribute to a surge in services.
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MATERIAL AND DESIGN
The Theory; Generally, drones or also known as unmanned aerial vehicle (UAVs) which
take flight without any human onboard, instead are being controlled autonomously via a
computer program or even being controlled by a person on the ground using the controller.
Despite it is known as some kind of a toy, it is actually very well-known and are becoming
greatly popular. Initially it is used as a war aircraft and serving military purpose and recently
got hyped up and are being used for everything from wildlife and atmospheric exploration
research to monitoring disaster and sport photography and even become a popular hobby
among the community. In this section, the materials that are chosen to manufacture the drone
are explained as well as explaining the designing stage of the project. The materials that are
being used in the making of the drone is very important and by examining the way it is
designed, we can understand better on how important the advanced technology in developing
the materials while we are marching towards the modern world focusing on the Industrial
Revolution 4.0.
In the designing and manufacturing stage it is best to keep in mind that the drone is a flying
object that require upward thrust to be able to take off the land. Hence it is best and ideal to
design the drone in a better well-suited design as well as choosing the best material so the
drone would not be too heavy yet so strong. The drone needs to be as light as possible in
order to be able to fly and also because the project is not solely emphasizing the
manufacturing of a drone but also to design a drone that are used in delivery; hence the body
need to be light but also strong and sturdy in order to hold the item and transport it from one
place to another.
As for the shape of flying unmanned aerial vehicle, like most of the flying aircraft such as
airplane and helicopters, the design is mainly optimising the shape of the vehicle to be
aerodynamics in order to minimize the air resistance that the drone going to experience.
Other than that, designing a smooth, low drag shape on the flying object is rather crucial to
obtain that aerodynamics as well as the provide good stability, control, and handling qualities
when the drone are being controlled. This feature is very important to ensure a safe, smooth
delivery experience as well as maintaining the original condition of the items onboard. As
stated before, in order the drone to be able to take flight, the drone must generate enough
energy and upward thrust to overcome the total weight. Hence, the selection of materials is
important to minimise the drone’s total mass.
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The Frame
The frame is important in the manufacturing the drone because it give the drone its shape and
design and holds all the components of the subsystem in place. Since the frame serves a
mechanical functionality, the most crucial part to be consider is to build it using a material
with strong and high durability properties. Not just that, the frame also serves as an aesthetic
value for the drone to look good as well as maintaining the functionality.
Particularly, in this project, the drone is expected to be able to carry an item with the mass of
at least 5 kilograms. Hence, to suit the purpose, it is best to use the thermoplastic such as
nylon, polyester, polystyrene because not only it is incredibly strong but also very light.
Furthermore, it is known to be a popular choice in the manufacturing industry because of its
affordability and inexpensive to produce it into a complex shape using the injection moulding
process.
The design of the drone in particular has six motors to provide efficient and powerful upward
thrust to the drone in order to be able to transport the items. The six motors design is
commonly known as “hex copter” and commonly used in many fields serving the industrial
properties like photography.
Thermoplastics offer incredible strength while being low in density which makes it suitable
as a building part of the drone, especially the frame. It is worth mentioning that the
thermoplastics light weight with density of range from 9 to 2 gm/cc. in addition, most of the
thermoplastics are available in filaments that can be used in 3D printing some custom parts in
the manufacturing process.
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Moreover, thermoplastic is very durable towards temperature, so it is suitable to act as a
mounting for the component like batteries and motors because at some point, the components
produce heat, hence a good thermal resistant material is needed.
Since the drone are focused more on its industrial usage as a delivery drone, the commercial
aspect is to be put aside in order to make the drone more affordable and prioritising the
performance to the fullest.
In the market right now, the most suitable thermoplastic to be used in the manufacturing of
the drone is the carbon fibre-reinforced polymer (CFRP) to guarantee the high durability and
performance of the drone frame. It is well known as carbon polymer or carbon composite
among the manufacturers because of its properties of having extremely high strength while
having low density and proper stiffness which important in maintaining the shape of the
object. It is among the best materials in manufacturing a project that requires a strong
material yet having a low- density despite of it being relatively expensive.
In addition, it is highly resistant of the temperature making it the best material to be used as
the frame because as mentioned earlier, some of the components in the drone can produce
heat while operating. This property is very important to prevent the drone body to melt away
if the drone were to overheat because of overusing of the drone.
In conclusion, the body or frame of the drone is made of the thermoplastic which is the
carbon fibre-reinforced polymer or (CRFP) to maintain a very low density to the drone at the
same time promote rigidity and stiffness as well as strength to the product as well as being
heat resistant to prevent it from melting away.
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Motors and Propellers
Since drones are flying objects, hence it needs a source of upward thrust to be able to get off
the ground. In order to produce such thrust, the drone need to be occupied with motors and
propellers. Normally, the motors used are usually small direct current (DC) motors. The
motors itself are small to reduces the drone weight and yet provide enough power to uplift the
drone and the item that are being delivered.
The DC motors used, have small permanent magnets that are made of iron and copper or
cobalt alloys. The significances of using alloys as the material of producing the motors is
because alloys are relatively smaller and lighter compared to other resources. However,
during flight, motors produced heat over times so a very good heat conductivity material such
as aluminium are used to absorb the heat away and helps in cooling down the component.
As for the type of the motors, there are mainly two type of motors that are commonly used in
the drone manufacturing but the one that the team decide to use is the brushless motor. The
reason of choosing the brushless type is because the motor is more efficient compared to the
brushed motor in term of energy consumption because the resistant is lower. In addition, the
brushless motor lasts longer compared to the brushed motor as it has no brush to wear out.
Moreover, the brushless motors provide a better thrust to weight ratio which can score up to
13:1 weight to thrust ratio, and for the hex copter it is theoretically enough thrust to lift up
average food products.
Moving on to the propellers, without a proper propeller design, the motors serve nothing in
providing thrust for to the drone. Basically, propeller is a component that convert rotary
motion generated by the motor into upward thrust. The way the propellers create the thrust is
by creating an air flow when it spins resulting the difference in pressure between the top and
the bottom surfaces of the propellers. The phenomena create an acceleration of a mass of air
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from the environment in one direction which in this case the air accelerate downward creating
an upward thrust providing lift which counteracts the force of the gravity.
For drones which has multirotor like the hex copter itself, the propellers are arranged in pairs
to create a balance when the propellers spinning counteracts to one another. This feature
allows the drone to hover sturdily, descend, ascend, and glide across the air space smoothly.
In terms of the shape and the size of the propellers, the shorter propellers required less energy
to get up to a certain speed due to its lower inertia however along and wide propellers
produce a lot more force and lift due to its larger surface area. However, longer propellers
required significantly larger motor power because of its inertia and slightly bigger weight.
When it comes to delivery drone, the main point is the ability of the drone to transport an
item from one place to another with great stability to ensure a perfect of the delivered item.
Hence, a longer and small pitch propeller is suitable because it provides stability to the drone
as well as larger upward lift rather than bursting the speed.
All in all, the motors that the drone going to feature is the brushless DC motor which provide
great rotor power and it is guaranteed to be long lasting also very well known for its efficient
power consumption. Other than that, the propellers that are chosen to be featured in the
manufacturing of the drone is the longer propellers with small pitch as is perform well among
the heavy-lifter drone because it provides a great stability as well as creating a larger force
which is an important feature for a delivery drone to lift various items.
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Batteries
Of all the components in a drone, battery is one of the most important key components to
look up to. A multirotor drone like the hex copter needs a great electric source to power up
the system and to prolong the flight time. It is very important as the delivery drone is used as
an industrial service; hence the flight time and the recharge period of the battery are to be
taken seriously. Most of the time, the battery performance can be determine based on its
weight.
However, the modern technology has come up with a better solution which is the Lithium
Polymer battery or also known as the LiPo battery which provide longer flight time while
weighting less and having great flexibility. This is due to the chemical composition of the
battery that allow higher capacities and higher discharge rate.
In addition, it is also one of those rechargeable batteries which comes in handy in cutting the
cost of replacing the batteries each time it run out of power. But the truth to be told is unlike
other rechargeable batteries such as the well-known Lithium-ion battery, the LiPo battery
hardly discharge on its own, hence they can store the charge up to one to two month and still
be ready for flight.
Hence, the battery that is featured in the drone is the Lithium Polymer battery or the LiPo
battery as it provides better charging and discharging rate and weight less. Also, it is good at
preserving the voltage of the battery meaning a fully charged battery can be stored for up to
several months and still can power the drone at any time making it convenient for the project
purpose.
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The Landing Gear
The landing gear as the name suggest is a part of a drone that is very useful when it is about
to take off and landing. This component is important as it provide support while taking off
and to ensure a safe landing to the drone. choosing the right material is very important when
we about to manufacture the landing gear as we must bear in mind that the material need to
be strong but also weight less. Hence, the landing gear is made off aluminium as it is strong
and weight less but at the same time it gives support to the drone and balance out the centre
gravity of the drone. the landing gear is designed to be broad at the bottom part to ensure
large area so the drone would experience less impact while landing and give extra support
while taking off. In case of the delivery drone, this component also helps in mounting the
item container.
One the sensors used in the drone nervous system is accelerometer. Accelerometers are used
to sense the drone position and the movement of the drone. This sensor is very important in
maintaining the flight control as it helps is stabilising the drone by determining the
orientation of the drone. The feature is very important to keep the drone flying on a correct
orientation as well as preventing the drone from flipping over while on air.
Next, one of the most important sensors in drone is the Inertial Measurement Units which
combined with the Global Positioning System (GPS) because it maintains the direction and
the position of the drone, hence provide stability to the drone while flying. Basically, the
Inertial Measurement Units sense changes in the direction and position of the drone and
transfer the data to the main processor.
The most crucial sensor in the drone nervous system is the tilt sensor. This sensor combines
multiple sensors such as gyroscopic sensors and accelerometers. This sensor senses the level
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and altitude of the drone then provide input to the main processor system in order to maintain
the stable hover flight. As a delivery drone, this feature is very important because it helps in
maintaining the stability of the drone which is very crucial in delivery of fragile goods.
In most electronic devices, it is important to monitor the power consumption. In drones, the
current sensors are used to monitor the current and power usage of the drone. it also helps in
optimizing the power drain and ensure safe charging of the internal battery to prevent any
damage in the system.
Most of the advanced drones available nowadays are equipped with Light Detection and
Ranging sensor or (LiDAR) sensor which measure the reflection time of a pulse laser emitted
by the sensor to navigate and locate obstacle for collision prevention purpose. This sensor
also helps in mapping and imaging surrounding environment for a safe flight and helps in
providing a more precise location control.
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CONCLUSION
This project aimed to complete the delivery drone and identify the suitability of delivery
drone in the logistic networks system. Based on the research and analysis of drone, it can be
concluded that the delivery drone is very suitable to use in logistic networks system and will
help the consumers in their daily life especially in situation like pandemic. The drone was
built with tough design and has many components that will make it fly autonomously to any
location. This drone can provide many benefits such as help the consumers in deliver the
package to their receiver safely and faster than send it by their own. Delivery with drone can
help ensure the safety of sender from traffic accident because drone do not have to use land
routes and road traffic. It is also will the delivery process faster. The user does not have to
worry about whether the packages delivered to right recipient or not because drone has GPS
technology. The packages will be delivered to the accurate location of recipient. This drone is
an environmentally-friendly delivery choice because they run by using the batteries. The use
delivery drone also indirectly increasing the job opportunity and economic development of
Malaysia.
And the most important part, the delivery drone can be helpful for consumers during the
pandemic of COVID-19. By using the drone, the package can still be delivered and at the
same time will decrease the cases of virus infections. The residents can get the needed supply
while avoid the avoid the close contact and exposure of virus. The delivery drone is very
suitable to be use in E-commerce businesses and food delivery of the restaurants. It can help
minimize the cost and time for deliver to their customers. The cost of drone is nothing to be
worry because it is expected to be in range of RM1000 per set with complete maintenance,
but it will drop because of growing drone production economy in the future. Besides the
benefits, there are also some disadvantages that need to be reconsider such as the short
battery life, possibility to be stolen, offer privacy risk, has weight and distance limitations and
noise emissions.
Further research of drones is needed in order to increase the abilities of drone to the better
version. We need to solve the current problem of drone and improve it with the correct
solution that will give more benefit to the consumers. All theoretical and practical
knowledges must be learned to build the perfect technology.
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BIBLIOGRAPHY
4. “Of turbulent history and smooth outlook: Drone Delivery and American skies”, n. d
[Online]. Available: https://www.geoawesomeness.com/drone- delivery-in-the-us-history-
economics-and-current-status. [Accessed FEB25, 2022].
5. “How Future Delivery Drones Will Deliver Your Packages”, n. d. [Online]. Available:
https://jungleworks.com/how-future-delivery-drone-will- deliver-your-packages. [Accessed
FEB 26, 2022].
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10. “Propellers for Drones and UAVs”, n. d. [Online].
Available: https://www.unmannedsystemstechno1oqy.com/category/supplier-
directory/propulsion-power/propellers/. [Accessed FEB 23, 2022].
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