EXPERIMENT NO-®: Aim: To determine the mass density of soils by (a) Core cutter method (b) Sand replacement method Theory Density is defined as the mass per unit volume of soil y= W/V Where y= mass density of soil w= total mass of soil total volume of soil Here mass and volume of soil comprise the whole soil mass. In the above figure, voids may be filled with both water and air or only air or only water, consequently the soil may be wet or dry or saturated. In soil the mass of air is consider negligible and therefore the saturated density is, maximum , dry density is minimum and wet density is in between the two if soils are found below water table submerged density is also estimated. The density can be expressed in g/em3, or Um3 or kg/m3 or 1b/t3. For calculating the submerged density the density of water is taken as | g/e3 = 1 Um3 Dry density of the soil is calculated by using some equation. Core cutter Dolly f (A) Core cutter method :- Apparatus Special 1. Cylindrical core cutter (height = 12.74 em, dia 10 em) 2. Steel rammer 3. Steel dolly (2.5 em hi: General - Balance (accuracy Igm2. Balance (accuracy 0.01g m) . Steel rule . Spade of pickaxe . Straight edge rehome Knife : . Water content erucibles , 100mm id, . Desiccator . Oven, 10. Tongs and 10 cm internal diameter) Per een ay Precautions 1. Steel dolly should be placed on the top of the cutter before ramming it down.2. Core cutter should not be used in gravels and boulders, 3. Before lifting the cutter, soil should be removed round the cutter, to m disturbances. 4, While lifting the cutter, no soil should drop down, 5. During pressing and lifting the cutter care should be taken that some soil is projected at both the ends of the cutter. 6. Values should be reported to limize the nd place of decimal Observations and calculation 1. Ether all observation in table 1. 2. Calculate wet density of soil y: Internal Diameter of Cutter (em) = Height of Cutter (em) Cross-sectional Area of cutter (em2) = Volume of Cutter (em3) = Specific Gravity of soil = Core Cutter Method Sr.No. Determination No. 1 Mass of Core Cutter W1(gm) 2 Mass of Core + Soil, W2(gm) 3 Mass of wet soil (W2-W1) 4 Mass of Crucible(gm) 5 Mass of Crucible + wet soil (gm) 6 Mass of Crucible + dry soil (gm) 7 8 Mass of Dry soil = (7-5) 9 Moisture Content, W= (8/9) x 100 10 Wet Density (ps) = (W2-WI)/V (am/ec) 1 Dry Density (pa) pol (I+ w) (em/ec)12 Void Ratio, e= (Gs pw)/ pw 13 Degree of Saturation , S=(w.Gs /e) *100(%) Observations and Calculation 1. Enter all the readings in table 2, 3 and 4 Bulk density of sand is calculated as int crete a ed ekcemlesle Ie eee: 3, Table 4 show the calculations of wet density, dry density, void ratio and degree of saturation of the soil. 4, Above Equations are used to calculate the dry density, void and degree of saturation Determination: 01. Container No. (02. Mass of container with lid. WI (gm) 03. Mass of container with lid + wet soil, W2 (gm) 04. Mass of container with lid + dry soil, W2 (gm) 05. Mass of water, Ww = W2 - W3 (gm) 06. Mass of dry soil, Ws = W3 - WI (gm) 07. Moisture content, W = [W2 - W3 / W3-W1] x 100, (%) Calibration of Apparatus Date 1. Volume of Calibrating Container, V (gm) 2 Mass of Pouring Cylinder+ Sand, W' (gm) (Before Pouring in the Calibration Cylinder) 3 Mass of Pouring Cylinder +Sand W"2 (gm) (After Pouring In the Calibration Cylinder) 4 Mase of Pouring Cylinder +Sand W"3 (em) (After Making the sand cone on flat surface) 5 Mass of sand for filling the calibrating cylinder and cone (gm) W"4 = (w'l-W’2) 6 Mass of sand for making the cone only (gm) W'S = (w2-W'3) 7 Mass of sand in the calibrating cylinder only (gm) W"6 = (wr4-W"S) 8 Bulk Density of Sand, ga = W’6 IN (gmice) Sand Replacement Method 1. Mass of Pouring Cylinder 2 Mass of Pouring Cylinder +Sat (Before Pouring In the Calibration Cylinder) ad W'2 (gm) (After Pouring In the Calibration Cylinder) 3 Mass of Pouring Cylinder +Sand W'3 (™) (After Making the sand cone on Hat surface) 4 Mag of sand eaed inthe ote and cone (Bm) Wi (wI-W2) 5 Mass of sand in the Cone only (em) WS = (w2-W3) 6 Mass of sand in the hole only (em) W6 = (w4-W5) 7 Volume of Sand, V= W6/ Ps 8 Mass of Tray + Excavated Soil, W7 (em) 9 Mass of Tray Only, W8 (e™) 10 Mass of Exeavated Soil, (W= W728) om) Sand, W'I(g™)Result 1 Wet Density (ps) = (10/7) (gnv/ec) 2 Dry Density (pa) = po/ (1+w) (gnv/ec) 3 Void Ratio, e = [(Gs pu)/pal-1 4 Degree of Saturation, S = (w.Gs/e) x 100 (%) Result: In-situ density of soil by 1. Core cutter