Digital Signal Processing

503474-3

Course Introduction

Pr. Dr. Chokri BEN AMAR

 DSP
Course Description
This course gives detailed explanations of basic digital
signal processing operations including sampling and
reconstruction of continuous time signals, quantization,
A/D, and D/A. Furthermore, transforms for discrete
signals such Z-transform, Discrete Fourier Transform
(DFT), and Fast-Fourier Transform (FFT) are studied.
Topics also include; time and frequency domain
techniques for designing and applying infinite impulse
response (IIR) and finite impulse response (FIR) digital
filters, and two-dimensional signal processing application.
 Course Objectives
• To present and describe the basic concepts of
digital signal processing through D/A and D/A
operations.
• To introduce the student to discrete signal
transforms such DFT, FFT, and Z-transform
• To describe and design digital filters such as
FIR and IIR filters.
 Course Learning Outcomes
• CLO1: Recognize various types of sampling and quantization
methods for analog to digital A/D conversion and signal
reconstruction using digital to analog D/A conversion and
LPF.

• CLO2: Perform frequency representation for discrete time

signals and systems using DFT and FFT.

• CLO3: Apply Z-transform and inverse Z-transform using

tables, Partial Fraction Expansion, and power series
expansion.

• CLO4: Design FIR and IIR filters to meet specific magnitude

and phase requirements using windowing and
transformation methods.
• Main Text Book
- Digital Signal Processing: Principles, Algorithms,
and Applications, Authors John G. Proakis &
Dimitris G. Manolakis, Publisher Pearson Prentice
Hall, 4th Edition Publication Year 2006

• Reference Book
– Introduction to Digital Signal Processing Author Johny
R.Johnson Publisher PHI/Pearson Education
ISBN10 Edition 111 Publication Year 2002
– Digital Signal Processing: A Computer-Based Approach
Author S. K. Mitra Publisher McGraw-Hill
ISBN10 Edition 3rd Ed Publication Year 2006
 Course Outline (1/2)
• An introduction to digital signal processing, A/D
and D/A systems.
• Sampling Theorem, Ideal Sampling, Signal
Reconstruction.
– Practical Sampling Natural Sampling, Flat-Top
Sampling, signal reconstruction.
• Quantization Uniform and Non-Uniform
Quantization
• Time Domain analysis of discrete time systems
Impulse response of a system, Convolution sum,
graphical method, sliding tape method.
 Course Outline (2/2)

• Discrete Fourier transform DFT

• Fast Fourier transform FFT, FFT Theory and
Application using Matlab
• The z-transform and its properties
– The inverse z-transform
• Digital filters
– Design of FIR filters
– Design of IIR filters
• Applications of digital signal processing
 Course Policy Description
1. Students are expected to attend, and be on time, for every
class. This demonstrates professionalism and consideration
for your fellow students and your Instructor. While the
course does not have an attendance policy, students who
miss class and/or are late for class may experience an
impact on their grade by missing classroom activities and/or
quizzes

2. Students are expected to turn in all assigned materials in a

timely manner.

3. Students are expected to demonstrate professionalism and

courtesy by either silencing or turning off all cell phones
and/or other alarm or audible indicator devices
 Course Policy Description (Cont.)
4. Absence of more than 20% of lectures and Lab will result
in a DN grade.

5. All communications with the prof-in-charge should be

through University Email ([email protected]).

6. An official excuse should be approved by the department

chair and submitted to the prof-in-charge.

7. The Instructors reserve the right to add to, and/or modify

any of the above policies as needed to maintain an
appropriate and effective educational atmosphere in the
classroom and the laboratory. In the case that this occurs,
all students will be notified in advance of implementation
of the new and/or modified policy
 Signal Processing
• Humans are the most advanced signal processors
– speech and pattern recognition, speech synthesis,…
• We encounter many types of signals in various
applications
– Electrical signals: voltage, current, magnetic and
electric fields,…
– Mechanical signals: velocity, force, displacement,…
– Acoustic signals: sound, vibration,…
– Other signals: pressure, temperature,…

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 Signal Processing
• Most real-world signals are analog
– They are continuous in time and amplitude
– Convert to voltage or currents using sensors and
transducers
• Analog circuits process these signals using
– Resistors, Capacitors, Inductors, Amplifiers,…
• Analog signal processing examples
– Audio processing in FM radios
– Video processing in traditional TV sets
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Limitations of Analog Signal Processing
• Accuracy limitations due to
– Component tolerances
– Undesired nonlinearities
• Limited repeatability due to
– Tolerances
– Changes in environmental conditions
• Temperature
• Vibration
• Sensitivity to electrical noise
• Limited dynamic range for voltage and currents
• Inflexibility to changes
• Difficulty of implementing certain operations
– Nonlinear operations
– Time-varying operations
• Difficulty of storing information

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 Digital Signal Processing
• Represent signals by a sequence of numbers
– Sampling or analog-to-digital conversions
• Perform processing on these numbers with a digital processor
– Digital signal processing
• Reconstruct analog signal from processed numbers
– Reconstruction or digital-to-analog conversion

digital digital
signal signal
analog analog
signal A/D DSP D/A signal

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 Pros and Cons of Digital Signal
Processing
• Pros
– Accuracy can be controlled by choosing word length
– Repeatable
– Sensitivity to electrical noise is minimal
– Dynamic range can be controlled using floating point
numbers
– Flexibility can be achieved with software implementations
– Non-linear and time-varying operations are easier to
implement
– Digital storage is cheap
– Digital information can be encrypted for security
– Price/performance and reduced time-to-market

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 Pros and Cons of Digital Signal
Processing
• Cons
– Sampling causes loss of information
– A/D and D/A requires mixed-signal hardware
– Limited speed of processors
– Quantization and round-off errors

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 Signal Processing Systems
• Speech synthesis and speech recognition
• Audio CD players
• Audio compression (MP3, AC3)
• Image compression (JPEG, JPEG 2000)
• Optical character recognition
• Video CDs (MPEG 1)
• DVD, digital cable, and HDTV (MPEG 2)
• Wireless video (MPEG 4/H.263)
 Impact of DSP on Modern Living
Cellular/mobile telephony Digital audio Stereo
Speech and channel coding and surround sound Audio
Voice and data processing equalization and mixing
Power management Electronic music
Multipath equaliztion

Medical electronics
Automotive Digital
Critical/intensive care monitors
Audio Digital Radio
Digital X-rays
Personal communication
ECG analyzers
systems Active Cardiac monitors
suspension
Medical imaging

Personal computer Sound

cards Data storage
and retrieval Error
correction/concealment
Multimedia
Modems

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 Review: Signals
• Continuous-time (analog) signals are
functions of a real argument
– x(t) where t can take any real value
• Discrete-time (digital) signals are functions of
an argument that takes values from a discrete
set x[n]
– nÎ {...-3,-2,-1,0,1,2,3...}
– Integer index n instead of time t for discrete-time
systems
• Value for x may be real or complex
 Analog and Digital Signals
• Amplitude of an analog signal can take
any real or complex value at each time
(sample)

• Amplitude of a digital signal takes

values from a discrete set
1

-1
 Analog and Digital Signals
• A system is a transformation from one signal
(called the input) to another signal (called the
output or the response).
– Continuous-time systems with input signal x and
output signal y (a.k.a., the response):
• y (t ) = x(t ) + x(t - 1)
• y (t ) = x 2 (t )
– Discrete-time system examples
• y[n] = x[n] + x[n - 1]
2
• y[n] = x [n]