FOREIGN TRADE UNIVERSITY

PhD. QUANG DANG-LE

Exercises 2

LINEAR ALGEBRA

Ho Chi Minh city - 2023

 FOREIGN TRADE UNIVERSITY

PhD. QUANG DANG-LE

Exercises 2

LINEAR ALGEBRA

Ho Chi Minh city - 2023

Linear Algebra Quang Dang-Le, Ph.D. Tel. 0764060787

Contents
1. MATRICES AND OPERATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
2. DETERMINANT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
3. THE INVERSE MATRIX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
4. RANK OF MATRIX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
5. SOLVE GENERAL LINEAR SYSTEM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
6. SOLVE LINEAR SYSTEM WITH PARAMETERS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
7. LINEAR INDEPENDENCE. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
8. SUBSPACE, BASIS AND DIMENSION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
9. LINEAR BOUND AND SOLUTION SPACE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
10. MATRIX OF LINEAR MAP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
11. EIGENVALUES AND EIGENVECTORS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
12. VECTOR COORDINATES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
13. DIAGONALIZE A MATRIX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22

2
Linear Algebra Quang Dang-Le, Ph.D. Tel. 0764060787

1. MATRICES AND OPERATIONS

     
1 3 1 2 2 5
Problem 1: Let A = 1 −2 , B = 3 7 , C = 0 3.
3 4 5 4 4 2

a. Find the transpose of the matrices A, B, C.

b. Calculate A − 3B + 4C.
   
2 1 −1 −2 1 0
Problem 2: Let A = , B= . Calculate
0 1 −4 −3 2 2

a. 3A + 2B,

b. 4A − 3B,

c. AT .B and B T .A.

Problem 3: Calculate
 
     7
1 −3 3 1 4 5 5 0 2 3  
−3
a. 3 −4 1 . 0 2 7  2 .
b. 4 1 5 3 . 
2 −5 3 3 2 1 3 1 −1 2
1
 
2 1 1
Problem 4: Calculate f (A) with f (x) = x2 − 5x + 3 and A = 3 1 2.
1 −1 0
n
Problem 5: Calculate A with an arbitrary natural number n and the following matrix A
 
    1 1 1
2 −1 1 α
a. A = b. A = c. A = 0 1 1 .
3 −2 0 1
0 0 1
 
a 1 0
Problem 6: Let A = 0 a 1. Calculate A2020 .

0 0 a
Problem 7: Let
     
1 3 0 1 2 −3
A = −1 2 ,
 B = 3 2 ,
 C = 1 2 .

3 4 −2 3 4 −1

Compute

a. (A + B) + C and A + (B + C)

b. 3A

1 MATRICES AND OPERATIONS 3

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c. AT , B T , C T
Problem 8: Compute
       
2 1 1 −1 3 5 2 1
a. . b. .
3 2 1 1 6 −1 −3 2
     
3 1 1 1 1 −1  3 1 
2 1 1 
c. 2 1 2 . 2 −1 1 
   d. . 2 1
3 0 1
1 2 3 1 0 1 1 0
   
 1  2 
3 2 1   
e. . 2 f. 1 . 1 2 3

0 1 2
3 3
 
 2 
g. 1 2 3 . 4
1
Problem 9: Compute
 2
2 1 1  3  5
2 1 3 2
a. 3 1 0
 b. c.
1 3 −4 −2
0 1 2
 n  n
1 1 cos ϕ − sin ϕ
d. e.
0 1 sin ϕ cos ϕ
Problem 10: Compute AB − BA if
   
1 −2 −1 4 1 1
a. A = 2 1
 2 , B = −4 2 0

1 2 3 1 2 1
   
2 1 0 3 1 −2
b. A = 1 1 2 ,
 B = 3 −2 4 

−1 2 1 −3 5 −1
Problem 11: Show that if AB = BA, then
a. (A + B)2 = A2 + 2AB + B 2
b. A2 − B 2 = (A + B)(A − B)
 
2 −1
Problem 12: Find f (A) where f (x) = x2 − 5x + 3I and A = .
−3 3
Problem 13: Find all 2-square matrices A such that A2 = 0.
Problem 14: Find all 2-square matrices A such that A2 = I.
Problem 15: Let
   
2 −1 −1 2
A= , B= .
3 1 1 4
Compute
a. AT b. B T c. AT B T d. B T AT
e. (AB)T e. (BA)T f. (A + B)T

1 MATRICES AND OPERATIONS 4

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2. DETERMINANT
Problem 1: Calculate the following determinants

0 1 1 1 1 1
a. 1 0 1 b. 4 2 3
1 1 0 2 3 6
a+b c 1 cos 2α cos2 α sin2 α
c. b + c a 1 d. cos 2β cos2 β sin2 β
c+a b 1 cos 2γ cos2 γ sin2 γ
1 2 3 4 2 1 0 2
2 3 4 1 3 2 1 0
e. f.
3 4 1 2 −1 0 1 3
4 1 2 3 −1 2 1 3
2 1 1 x a b 0 1
1 2 1 y 0 a b 1
g. h.
1 1 2 z 1 0 a b
1 1 1 t b 1 0 a
0 1 1 1
x y x+y
1 0 a b
i. j. y x+y x
1 a 0 c
x+y x y
1 b c 0
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4
k. j.
1 3 6 10 1 4 9 16
1 4 10 20 1 8 27 64

Problem 2: Calculate the determinant of n-square matrices by bringing the determinant

to the triangular form

1 2 3 ... n 3 2 2 ... 2
2 3 4 ... n 2 3 2 ... 2
a. 3 4 5 . . . n b. 2 2 3 ... 2
.. .. .. . . .. .. .. .. .. ..
. . . . . . . . . .
n n n ... n 2 2 2 ... 3

Problem 3: Solve these equations

1 2x −1 −1 1 x −1 −1
1 x −1 −1 1 x2 −1 −1
a. =0 b. =0
3 1 1 1 0 1 1 1
0 2 0 2 0 2 0 2

2 DETERMINANT 5
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x x 1 x 1 1 ... 1
x 1 1 1 1 1−x ... 1
c. =0 d. . .. ... .. =0
x x 2 1 .. . .
x x 1 3 1 1 . . . (n − 1) − x
1 x x2 x3
1 2 4 8
e. =0
1 3 9 27
1 4 16 64

Problem 4: Prove these equalities

y+z z+x x+y x y z

a. y1 + z1 z1 + x1 x1 + y1 = 2 x1 y1 z1
y2 + z2 z2 + x2 x2 + y2 x2 y2 z2

1 a a3
b. 1 b b3 = (b − a)(c − b)(a − b)(a + b + c)
1 c c3

Problem 5: Let
a b c
a′ b′ c′ = ∆.
a′′ b′′ c′′
Compute
a′ b ′ c ′ a′′ b′′ c′′
a. a′′ b′′ c′′ b. a′ b′ c′
a b c a b c
Problem 6: Let
a b c d
a ′ b ′ c ′ d′
= ∆.
a′′ b′′ c′′ d′′
a′′′ b′′′ c′′′ d′′′
Compute
a c d a d c b a
b ′ c ′ d ′ a′ d ′ c ′ b ′ a′
a. ′′ b. ′′
b c′′ d′′ a′′ d c′′ b′′ a′′
b ′′′ c′′′ d′′′ a′′′ d′′′ c′′′ b′′′ a′′′

Problem 6: Suppose that 204,527,255 are multiples of 17. Show that

2 0 4
5 2 7
2 5 5
is a mutiple of 17.

2 DETERMINANT 6
Linear Algebra Quang Dang-Le, Ph.D. Tel. 0764060787

3. THE INVERSE MATRIX

Problem 1: Find the inverse matrices of the following matrices.
   
2 −1 −1 2
A= , B= ,
3 3 3 6
   
1 4 2 1 −1 2
C = 3 6 5 , D = 0 1 2 ,
2 2 3 0 0 1
   
−1 1 1 1 −1 2 2 1
 1 −1 1 1   1 −3 −1 1 
E=
 1 1 −1 1  ,
 F =
 0 1 −1 1  .


1 1 1 −1 −3 5 1 −1

Problem 2: Find m such that the following matrices are invertible.

   
m+1 1 3 m m m
a.  2 m + 2 0 , b. 1 m 1  .

2m 1 3 1 1 m
   
1 2 3 7 −3 2
Problem 3: Let A = 2 5 6 and B = −1 2 7.
  
3 5 12 8 9 3

a. Find a matrix X such that XA = B.

b. Find a matrix X such that AX = B.

   
1 1 0 2 3 1
Problem 4: Let A = 2 2 1 and B = 4 1 3. Find matrices X, Y such that
  
1 0 1 2 0 2
(
A(X + Y ) = B
.
(X − Y )AT = B T
Problem 5: Show that if A is a square matrix such that A2 −3A+I = 0, then A−1 = 3I−A.
Problem 6: Let
 
a11 0 0 ... 0
 0 a22 0 ... 0 
A=
. . . . . . . . .

... ...
0 0 0 . . . ann

where a11 a22 . . . ann ̸= 0. Show that A is invertible and find A−1 .
Problem 7: Show that if A is invertible and AB = AC then B = C.
Problem 8: Let A be an n-square matrix.

a. Given det(A) = 3, calculate det(A2 ) and det(A3 ).

b. Suppose that A is invertible and det A = 4, calculate det(A−1 ).

3 THE INVERSE MATRIX 7

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c. Given det A = 5 and B 2 = A, calculate det B.

d. Given det A = 10, calculate det(At A).

Problem 9: Solve the equation AX = B where

   
1 −1 1 1 1 1 −1
A = −1 2 1 ,
 B = 1 0 2 2 .

−2 3 1 1 −2 2 0

3 THE INVERSE MATRIX 8

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4. RANK OF MATRIX
Problem 1: Find the rank of the following matrices
   
1 −1 3 −1 10 8
a. 2 −1 3 b.  2 3 5
3 1 2 −3 7 3
 
2 0 3 −1  
1 −2 2 3  2 −1 3 −2
c.  
3 −2 5 −4 d. 4 −2 5 1 

2 −1 1 8
5 −2 8 5
 
  2 1 1 1
3 −1 3 2 5 1
 3 1 1

5 −3 2 3 4 1 1 4 1
e.   f.  
1 −3 5 0 7 1
 1 1 5

7 −5 1 4 1 1 2 3 4
1 1 1 1
 
4 3 −5 2 3  
1 3 5 −1
8
 6 −7 4 2 2 −1 −3 4 
g. 
4 3 −8 2 7 h. 
5 1 −1 7 

4 3 1 2 −5
7 7 9 1
8 6 −1 5 −6

Problem 2: Determine the rank of the following matrices depending on the parameter m.
 
  1 m 1 2
1 2 −1 4 2 2 3m − 1 2 m +4
A = 2 −1 1 1 1  , B=
4 5m − 1 m + 4 2m + 7 ,

1 7 −4 11 m
2 2m 2 4
   
m 2 2 2 −1 2 1 −1 1
−2 m 2 2   m −1 1 −1 −1
C=
−2 −2 m 2  ,
 D=
1 m 0 1 1


−2 −2 −2 m 1 2 2 1 1
 
3 m 1 2
1 4 7 2
E= 
1 10 17 4
4 1 3 3

4 RANK OF MATRIX 9
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5. SOLVE GENERAL LINEAR SYSTEM

Problem 1: Solve the given systems
 
2x − y + 3z = 9
 3x + 2y − 4z = 8

a. 3x − 5y + z = −4 a. 2x + 4y − 5z = 11

4x − 7y + z = 5 
4x − 3y + 2z = 1
 
x1 + x2 + 3x3 = −1
 2x1 + 2x2 + x3 = 19

c. 2x1 − x2 + 2x3 = −4 d. x1 + 2x2 + 4x3 = 31

4x + x + 4x = −2 
4x + 6x + 9x = −2
1 2 3 1 2 3
 
3x1 + 4x2 − x3 = 7
 x − y + 2z = 0

e. x1 + 2x2 − 3x3 = 0 f. 2x − 2y + 4z = 0

7x + 10x − 5x = 2 
5x − 5y + 10z = 0
1 2 3

x1 + 2x2 + 2x3 = 21

g. 5x1 + x2 + 2x3 = 29

3x − x + x = 10
1 2 3

Problem 2: Solve the given systems

 

 x1 + 2x2 + 3x3 − 2x4 = 6 
 2x1 − x2 + 3x3 + 2x4 = 4
 
 2x1 − x2 − 2x3 − 3x4 = 8  3x1 + 3x2 + 3x3 + 2x4 = 6
a. b.

 3x1 + 2x2 − x3 + 2x4 = 4 
 3x1 − x2 − x3 + 2x4 = 6
 
2x1 − 3x2 + 2x3 + x4 = −8 3x1 − x2 + 3x3 − x4 = 6
 

 x1 + x2 + x3 + x4 + x5 = 15
2x1 + 2x2 − x3 + x4 = 4


 
x1 + 2x2 + 3x3 + 4x4 + 5x5 = 35

 

 4x1 + 3x2 − x3 + 2x4 = 6
c. d. x1 + 2x2 + 6x3 + 10x4 + 15x5 = 70
 8x1 + 5x2 − 3x3 + 4x4 = 12 
x1 + 4x2 + 10x3 + 20x4 + 25x5 = 126

 

3x1 + 3x2 + 11x3 + 5x4 = 6
 


x1 + 5x2 + 15x3 + 35x4 + 70x5 = 210

Problem 3: Solve the given systems


 x1 − x2 + x3 − x4 = 0

a. x1 + 2x2 + x4 = 0

x + x + 3x − x = 0
1 2 3 4

2x1 + x2 − 4x3 = 0

b. 3x1 + 5x2 − 7x3 = 0

4x − 5x − 6x = 0
1 2 3


 x1 − x2 + 5x3 − x4 = 0

x + x − 2x + 3x = 0
1 2 3 4
c.

 3x1 − x2 + 8x3 + x4 = 0

x1 + 2x2 − 9x3 + 7x4 = 0


5 SOLVE GENERAL LINEAR SYSTEM 10

Linear Algebra Quang Dang-Le, Ph.D. Tel. 0764060787

Problem 4: Solve the given systems


6x1 − 3x2 + 4x3 − 3x4 = 0

a. 3x1 + 2x3 − 3x5 = 0

9x − 3x + 6x − 3x − 3x = 0
1 2 3 4 5


 x1 − 2x2 + x3 − x4 + x5 = 0

 2x1 + x2 − x3 + 2x4 − 3x5 = 0
b.

 3x1 − 2x2 − x3 + x4 − 2x5 = 0

2x1 − 5x2 + x3 − 2x4 + 2x5 = 0



 3x1 − 6x2 + 9x3 − 3x4 + 6x5 = 0

 − x1 + 2x2 − x3 + x4 − x5 = 0
c.

 x1 − 2x2 + 5x3 − x4 + 3x5 = 0

− 2x1 + 4x2 − 2x3 + 2x4 − 2x5 = 0


Problem 5: Which system has non-trivial solutions?

 
x1 + 3x2 + 5x3 + x4 = 0
 x1 + 2x2 + 3x3 = 0

a. 4x1 − 7x2 − 3x3 − x4 = 0 b. x2 + 4x3 = 0

3x + 2x + 7x + 8x = 0 
5x = 0
1 2 3 4 3

5 SOLVE GENERAL LINEAR SYSTEM 11

Linear Algebra Quang Dang-Le, Ph.D. Tel. 0764060787

6. SOLVE LINEAR SYSTEM WITH PARAMETERS

Problem 1: Solve and determine the solution of the given systems depending on the
parameter m ∈ R.

mx + y + z = 1

a. x + my + z = 1

x + y + mz = 1

mx + y + z = m

b. 2x + (m + 1)y + (m + 1)z = m + 1

x + y + mz = 1

x − 2y + z + 2t = m

c. x + y − z + t = 2m + 1

x + 7y − 5z + t = −m

Problem 2: Solve and determine the solution of the given system depending on the pa-
rameter λ ∈ R.

(1 + λ)x1 + x2 + x3 = 1

x1 + (1 + λ)x2 + x3 = λ
x + x + (1 + λ)x = λ2

1 2 3

Problem 3: Given the system


x + 2y − z = 1

2x + (m + 5)y − 2z = 4 .

x + (m + 3)y + (m − 1)z = m + 3

a. Find m such that the given system is the Cramer system. In this case, find the solution.

b. Find m such that the given system has no solution.

Problem 4: Given the system


x + 2y − z = 1

2x + (m + 5)y − 2z = 4 .

x + (m + 3)y + (m − 1)z = m + 3

Find m such that the given system has infinite solutions. In this case, find the solution.
Problem 5: Find a ∈ R such that the following systems have non-trivial solutions and
determine those non-trivial solutions.
 
2
2x − y + z = 0
 a x + 3y + 2z = 0

a. x + y + 2z = 0 b. ax − y + z = 0

5x − y + az = 0 
8x + y + 4z = 0

6 SOLVE LINEAR SYSTEM WITH PARAMETERS 12

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Problem 6: Find values of a such that the following systems do NOT have an unique
solution.


x − 2y = 5 x − y + 2z = 3

a. b. 2x + ay + 3z = 1
3x + ay = 1 
3x + 3y + z = 4

Problem 7: Find values of a such that the following systems are equivalent.
 
x + 2y = 1 x + ay = 4
a. b.
2x + 5y = 1 − x + 2y = −5

Problem 8: Find values of a such that the following systems have non-trivial solutions.

ax − 3y + z = 0
 
(1 − a)x + 2y = 0
a. 2x + y + z = 0 b.

3x + 2y − 2x = 0 2x + (4 − a)y = 0

Problem 9: Solve and determine the solution of the given system depending on the pa-
rameters.
 
2 3
x + ay + a z = a
 x + y + z = 1

a. x + by + b2 z = b3 b. ax + by + cz = d
x + cy + c2 x = c3
 a2 x + b2 y + c2 x = d2


6 SOLVE LINEAR SYSTEM WITH PARAMETERS 13

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7. LINEAR INDEPENDENCE
Problem 1: In R3 , is it true that u is a linear combination of u1 , u2 and u3 ?

a. u1 = (−2, 1, 0), u2 = (3, −1, 1), u3 = (2, 0, −2), u = (1, 1, 1)

b. u1 = (2, 4, 3), u2 = (1, −1, 0), u3 = (3, 3, 3), u = (−1, 2, 0)

Problem 2: Find λ such that u is a linear combination of u1 , u2 , u3 .

a. u1 = (1, 2, −1), u2 = (−2, 1, 3), u3 = (0, 1, −1), u = (1, λ, 2)

b. u1 = (1, −2, 3), u2 = (0, −1, λ), u3 = (1, 0, 1), u = (3, −1, 2)

Problem 3: Is it true that the following systems is linear independent?

a. {(2, −3, 1); (3, −1, 5); (1, −4, 3)} in R3 .

b. {(5, 4, 3); (3, 3, 2); (8, 1, 3)} in R3 .

c. {(4, −5, 2, 6); (2, −2, 1, 3); (6, −3, 3, 9); (4, −1, 5, 6)} in R4 .

d. With a ∈ R, {(1, 0, 0, 0); (0, 1, 0, 0); (0, 0, a, 0)} in R4 .

e. {(1, 0, 0, 2, 5); (0, 1, 0, 3, 4); (0, 0, 1, 4, 7); (2, −3, 4, 11, 12)} in R5 .

f. {(1, 2, 3); (3, 6, 7)} in R3 .

g. {(4, −2, 6); (6, −3, 9)} in R3 .

Problem 4: Determine the linear independence of the following vector system depending
on the parameter λ in R3

1 1 1 1 1 1
n      o
v1 = λ, − , − ; v2 = − , λ, − ; v3 = − , − , λ .
2 2 2 2 2 2

Problem 5: Find the maximally linearly independent subsystem and rank of the following
vector systems:

a. {u1 = (2, 1, 0), u2 = (0, −2, 1), u3 = (2, −1, 2)}

b. {u1 = (1, −1, 0), u2 = (2, −1, −1), u3 = (0, 1, −1), u4 = (2, 0, −2)}

Problem 6: Write a vector x as a linear combination of u, v, w.

a. x = (7, −2, 15); u = (2, 3, 5); v = (3, 7, 8); w = (1, −6, 1)

b. x = (0, 0, 0); u = (2, 3, 5); v = (3, 7, 8); w = (1, −6, 1)

c. x = (1, 4, −7, 7); u = (4, 1, 3, −2); v = (1, 2, −3, 2); w = (16, 9, 2, −3)

c. x = (0, 0, 0, 0); u = (4, 1, 3, −2); v = (1, 2, −3, 2); w = (16, 9, 2, −3)

7 LINEAR INDEPENDENCE 14
Linear Algebra Quang Dang-Le, Ph.D. Tel. 0764060787

Problem 7: Find λ such that a vector x is a linear combination of u, v, w.

a. u = (2, 3, 5); v = (3, 7, 8); w = (1, −6, 1); x = (7, −2, λ)

b. u = (4, 4, 3); v = (7, 2, 1); w = (4, 1, 6); x = (5, 9, λ)

a. u = (3, 4, 2); v = (6, 8, 7); x = (9, 12, λ)

a. u = (3, 2, 5); v = (2, 4, 7); w = (5, 6, λ); x = (1, 3, 5)

7 LINEAR INDEPENDENCE 15
Linear Algebra Quang Dang-Le, Ph.D. Tel. 0764060787

8. SUBSPACE, BASIS AND DIMENSION

Problem 1: Which is a base of R3 ? Find the coordinates of vector u = (7, 14, 3) in the
found base.

a. {u1 = (2, 1, 3); u2 = (−1, 1, 0)}

b. {u1 = (2, 1, 3); u2 = (−1, 1, 0); u3 = (1, 3, 1)}

c. {u1 = (2, 1, 3); u2 = (−1, 1, 0); u3 = (1, 1, −1); u4 = (0, 0, 4)}

d. {u1 = (2, −3, 1); u2 = (4, 1, 1); u3 = (0, −7, 1)}

e. {u1 = (1, 6, 4); u2 = (2, 4, −1); u3 = (−1, 2, 5)}

Problem 2: In R3 , given bases B = {u1 , u2 , u3 }, B ′ = {u′1 , u′2 , u′3 } and vector u, find the
base tranfer matrix from B to B ′ and the coordinates of u in each base.

a. u1 = (1, 1, −1); u2 = (1, 1, 0); u3 = (−2, 0, 0);

u′1 = (1, −1, 0); u′2 = (2, −1, 0); u′3 = (1, 1, −1); u = (3, 4, 5)

b. u1 = (3, 2, 1); u2 = (1, −2, 1); u3 = (2, 2, 3);

u′1 = (1, −1, 0); u′2 = (1, 0, −1); u′3 = (1, 1, 1); u = (1, −3, 7)

Problem 3: In R3 , let

B(m) = {u1 = (m − 7, −10, −12); u2 = (12, m + 19, 24); u3 = (−6, −10, m − 13)}.

Find m such that B(m) is the base of R3 . In this case, compute the coordinates of u =
(m, 2m, 0) in the base B(m).
Problem 4: In R3 , let

(B) = {u1 = (2, 1, 3); u2 = (−1, 1, 0); u3 = (1, −1, 1)},

(B ′ ) = {u′1 = (2, 1, 1); u′2 = (2, −1, 1); u′3 = (1, 2, 1)}.

a. Show that (B) and (B ′ ) are the bases of R3 .

b. Given [u](B) = (3, 5, 7). Find the coordinates of u in the base (B ′ ) and the canonical
basis.

Problem 5: Which is the subspace of the corresponding space?

a. L = {x = (x1 , x2 , x3 ) ∈ R3 |x1 − 2x2 + x3 = 0}

b. L = {x = (x1 , x2 , x3 , x4 ) ∈ R4 |x1 = x3 , x2 = x4 }

c. L = {x = (x1 , x2 , . . . , xn ) ∈ Rn |x1 = x22 }

d. L = {x = (x1 , x2 , x3 ) ∈ R3 |x21 + x22 = 0}

e. L = {x = (x1 , x2 , x3 ) ∈ R3 |x1 ∈ Q}

8 SUBSPACE, BASIS AND DIMENSION 16

Linear Algebra Quang Dang-Le, Ph.D. Tel. 0764060787

Problem 6: Find a base, dimension numbers of the subspace generated by the following
vectors in the corresponding space.

a. u1 = (1, −1, 2), u2 = (2, 1, 3), u3 = (−1, 5, 0) in R3

1
b. u1 = (2, 4, 1), u2 = (3, 6, −2), u3 = (−1, 2, − ) in R3
2
c. u1 = (1, 0, 1, −2), u2 = (1, 1, 3, −2), u3 = (2, 1, 5, −1), u4 = (1, −1, 1, 4) in R4

d. u1 = (1, 0, 0, −1), u2 = (2, 1, 1, 0), u3 = (1, 1, 1, 1), u4 = (1, 2, 3, 4), u5 = (0, 1, 2, 3) in

R4

Problem 7: In R5 , let

u1 = (1, 1, −2, 1, 4), u2 = (0, 1, −1, 2, 3), u3 = (1, −1, 0, −3, 0).

a. Find the basis and dimension numbers of ⟨u1 , u2 , u3 ⟩.

b. Given u = (1, m, 1, m, −3, −5). Find m such that u ∈ ⟨u1 , u2 , u3 ⟩,

Problem 8: In R4 , let

v1 = (2, −1, 0, 1), v2 = (1, 1, 3, 2), v3 = (3, −1, 1, 2), v4 = (1, −1, −1, 0).

Show that ⟨v1 , v2 ⟩ = ⟨v3 , v4 ⟩

Problem 9: In R4 , let

v1 = (1, 2, 2, 1), v2 = (1, 1, 3, 5), v3 = (0, −1, 1, 4).

Find the basis and dimension numbers of the subspace V = ⟨v1 , v2 , v3 ⟩.

Problem 10: In R4 , let

v1 = (1, 1, 2, 4), v2 = (2, −1, −5, 2), v3 = (1, −1, 4, 0), v4 = (2, 1, 1, 6).

Show that these vectors are linear dependent. Find the basis of the vector subspace gener-
ated by these vectors.
Problem 11: Let W = {(x1 , x2 , x3 ) ∈ R3 |x1 −x2 +2x3 = 0}. Show that W is the subspace
of R3 . Find the base and dimension numbers of W .

8 SUBSPACE, BASIS AND DIMENSION 17

Linear Algebra Quang Dang-Le, Ph.D. Tel. 0764060787

9. LINEAR BOUND AND SOLUTION SPACE

Problem 1: Find a base and dimension numbers of the solution space of the following
systems

2x1 + x2 − 4x3 = 0

a. 3x1 + 5x2 − 7x3 = 0

4x − 5x − 6x = 0
1 2 3

2x1 − 4x2 + 5x3 + 3x4 = 0

b. 3x1 − 6x2 + 4x3 + 2x4 = 0

4x − 8x + 17x + 11x = 0
1 2 3 4


 x 1 − x3 + x5 = 0

x − x + x = 0
2 4 6
c.

x1 − x2 + x3 − x6 = 0

x1 − x4 + x5 = 0


Problem 2: Find a base and dimension numbers of the solution space of the following
systems
 

 2x1 − x2 + x3 − x4 = 0 
 3x1 − 6x2 + 9x3 − 3x4 + 6x5 = 0
 
 3x1 + 2x3 = 0  − x1 + 2x2 − x3 + x4 − x5 = 0
a. b.

 3x1 − 4x3 + x4 = 0 
 x1 − 2x2 + 5x3 − x4 + 3x5 = 0
 
5x1 − x2 − 3x3 = 0 − 2x1 + 4x2 − 2x3 + 2x4 − 2x5 = 0
 

Problem 3: Let


 2x1 − 2x2 + 5x3 + 6x4 = 0

 x1 − 3x2 + 2x3 + 2x4 = 0

 3x1 − x2 + 8x3 + 10x4 = 0

5x1 − 11x2 + mx3 + 12x4 = 0


a. Find a basis and dimension numbers of the solution space when m = 11.

b. Determine the dimension numbers of the solution space depending on the parameter
m.

Problem 4: Let


 3x1 − x2 − 4x3 − 3x4 = 0

 − 5x1 + 2x2 + 6x3 + 9x4 = 0

 2x1 − x2 − 2x3 − 6x4 = 0

4x1 − x2 − 6x3 + mx4 = 0


a. Find a basis and dimension numbers of the solution space of this system when m = 0.

b. Find m such that the dimension numbers of the solution space is equal to 1.

c. Find a base of the solution space when m ̸= 0.

9 LINEAR BOUND AND SOLUTION SPACE 18

Linear Algebra Quang Dang-Le, Ph.D. Tel. 0764060787

10. MATRIX OF LINEAR MAP

Problem 1: Which is a linear map?

a. f : R3 → R3 , f (x1 , x2 , x3 ) = (x1 − x2 , x2 − x3 , x3 − x1 )

b. f : R3 → R3 , f (x1 , x2 , x3 ) = (x1 + x2 + 3x3 , x2 + x3 , −x1 + x2 + 5x3 + 2)

c. f : R3 → R3 , f (x1 , x2 , x3 ) = (x1 x2 , x1 + 4x2 − x3 , x3 + 3x1 )

d. f : R3 → R2 , f (x1 , x2 , x3 ) = (x1 + x2 + x3 , x1 − 5x2 + 3x3 )

e. f : R3 → R4 , f (x1 , x2 , x3 ) = (x1 − x2 , x1 + x2 − 8x3 , 2x1 + 6x2 , x2 + x3 )

Problem 2: Let

f : R4 → R3 ; f (x1 , x2 , x3 , x4 ) = (x1 − 2x2 , x2 − 2x3 , x3 − 2x4 ).

Find a matrix of f in the base pair (B), (B ′ ) below:

(B) = {u1 = (1, −1, 0, 0), u2 = (0, 1, −1, 0), u3 = (0, 0, 1, −1), u4 = (0, 0, 0, 1)}
(B ′ ) = {v1 = (1, 1, 1), v2 = (1, 1, 0), v3 = (1, 0, 0)}

Problem 3: Let

f : R3 → R3 ; f (x1 , x2 , x3 ) = (3x1 + 3x2 + 2x3 , x1 + x2 + 2x3 , −3x1 − x2 ).

a. Find a matrix of f in the canonical base.

b. Find a matrix of f in the base V = {(1, 1, 1), (1, 0, 1), (1, 1, 0)}.

Problem 4: Let V = {v1 , v2 , v3 } be a base of R3 . Find a matrix of f in the base V if

a. f (v1 ) = v2 ; f (v2 ) = v3 − 2v1 ; f (v3 ) = 0.

b. f (v1 ) = v3 − v1 − v2 ; f (v2 ) = 2v2 ; f (v3 − v2 ) = 2v3 − 5v1 .

Problem 5: The matrix of f in the base

(B) = {u1 = (8, −6, 7), u2 = (−16, 7, −13), u3 = (9, −3, 7)}

is
 
1 −18 15
A = −1 −22 15 .
1 −25 22

Find a matrix of f in the base (B ′ ) = {v1 = (1, −2, 1), v2 = (3, −1, 2), v3 = (2, 1, 2)}.

10 MATRIX OF LINEAR MAP 19

Linear Algebra Quang Dang-Le, Ph.D. Tel. 0764060787

11. EIGENVALUES AND EIGENVECTORS

Problem 1: Find eigenvalues and eigenvectors of the following matrices
     
3 −4 4 0 0 1 5 −1 2
A = 1 −1, 3 , B = 1 0 0 , C = −1 5 2 .
0 0 2 0 1 0 2 2 2

Problem 2: Find eigenvalues and eigenvectors of the following matrices

   
  1 0 0 0 3 −1 0 0
7 −12 6 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 
a. A = 10 −19 10 b. A = 
1
 c. A = 
3 0 5 −3

0 0 0
12 −24 13
0 0 0 1 4 −1 3 −1
 
  1 0 0 0  
0 3 0 0 0 0 10 −9
d. A = e. A =   f. A =
8 −1 0 0 0 0 4 −2
1 0 0 1
   
  4 −5 7 1 −3 3
0 3
g. A = h. A =  1 −4 9 i. A = −2 −6 13
4 0
−4 0 5 −1 −4 8

11 EIGENVALUES AND EIGENVECTORS 20

Linear Algebra Quang Dang-Le, Ph.D. Tel. 0764060787

12. VECTOR COORDINATES

Problem 1: Find the coordinates of vector w in the base S = {u1 , u2 } where
a. u1 = (1, 0), u2 = (0, 1), w = (3, −7)
b. u1 = (2, −4), u2 = (3, 8), w = (1, 1)
c. u1 = (1, 1), u2 = (0, 2), w = (a, b)
   
1 1 1 1
d. u1 = √ , −√ , u2 = √ ,√ , w = (3, 7)
2 2 2 2
Problem 2: Find the coordinates of vector w in the base S = {u1 , u2 , u3 } where
a. u1 = (1, 0, 0), u2 = (2, 2, 0), u3 = (3, 3, 3), w = (2, −1, 3)
b. u1 = (1, 2, 3), u2 = (−4, 5, 6), u3 = (7, −8, 9), w = (5, −12, 3)
2 2 1
 2 1 2
 1 2 2
c. u1 = ,− , , u2 = , ,− , u3 = , , w = (−1, 0, 2)
3 3 3 3 3 3 3 33
Problem 3: Let the bases B = {u1 , u2 } and B ′ = {v1 , v2 } of R2 where
       
1 0 2 −3
u1 = , u2 = , v1 = , v2 = .
0 1 1 4
a. Find a base transfer matrix from B to B ′ .
b. Calculate [w]B and [w]B ′ where w = (3, −5) .
c. Find a base transfer matrix from B ′ to B.
Problem 4: Let the bases B = {u1 , u2 } and B ′ = {v1 , v2 } of R2 where
u1 = (2, 2), u2 = (4, −1), v1 = (1, 3), v2 = (−1, −1).
a. Find a base transfer matrix from B to B ′ .
b. Calculate [w]B and [w]B ′ where w = (3, −5) .
c. Find a base transfer matrix from B ′ to B.
Problem 5: Let the bases B = {u1 , u2 , u3 } and B ′ = {v1 , v2 , v3 } of R3 where
u1 = (−3, 0, −3), u2 = (−3, 2, 1), u3 = (1, 6, −1),
v1 = (−6, −6, 0), v2 = (−2, −6, 4), v3 = (−2, −3, 7).
a. Find a base transfer matrix from B to B ′ .
b. Calculate [w]B and [w]B ′ where w = (−5, 8, −5) .
Problem 6: Let the bases B = {u1 , u2 , u3 } and B ′ = {v1 , v2 , v3 } of R3 where
u1 = (2, 1, 1), u2 = (2, −1, 1), u3 = (1, 2, 1),
v1 = (3, 1, −5), v2 = (1, 1, −3), v3 = (−1, 0, 2).
a. Find a base transfer matrix from B to B ′ .
b. Calculate [w]B and [w]B ′ where w = (−5, 8, −5) .

12 VECTOR COORDINATES 21
Linear Algebra Quang Dang-Le, Ph.D. Tel. 0764060787

13. DIAGONALIZE A MATRIX

Problem 1: Diagonalize A (if can), find a matrix T that diagonalizes A and determine a
matrix D = T −1 AT .
     
1 2 2 −1 4 −2 5 −1 2
a. A = 2 1 2
 b. A = −3 4 0 
 c. A = −1 5 2

2 2 1 −3 1 3 2 2 2
   
  1 0 0 0 1 3 1 2
2 0 −1 0 0 −1 1 3 
0 0 0
d. A =  0 2 −1 e. A = 
0
 f. A =  
0 0 0 0 0 2 5 
−1 −1 3
1 0 0 1 0 0 0 −2
 
    1 0 0
−14 12 1 0
g. A = h. A = i. A = 0 1 1

−20 17 6 −1
0 1 1
 
    −2 0 0 0
2 0 −2 19 −9 −6  0 −2 0 0
j. A = 0 3 0  k. A = 25 −11 −9 l. A = 
 0 0 3 0

0 0 3 17 −9 −4
0 0 1 3
 
    −2 0 0 0
5 0 0 0 0 0  0 −2 5 −5
m. A = 1 5 0 n. A = 0 0 0 o. A = 
0 0 3 0

0 1 5 3 0 1
0 0 1 3
 
a b
Problem 2: Let A = . Show that
c d

a. A is diagonal if (a − d)2 + 4bc > 0.

b. A is not diagonal if (a − d)2 + 4bc < 0.

13 DIAGONALIZE A MATRIX 22