EVIDENCE-BASED

READING WRITING

TEST 1
MODULE 1
 TEST 1 - MODULE 1

Reading Writing Question 1

Pharmaceutical science and chemistry Which choice completes the text with
built on the _____foundations and the most logical and precise word or
perfected the extraction, phrase?
characterization, modification, and A) basic
testing of these natural products. Then, B) ancient
for a while, modern pharmaceutical C) fundamental
science moved its focus away from D) concentrated
nature and into the laboratory,
designing chemical compounds from
scratch.

Reading Writing Question 2

Plant diversity was the foundation

upon which the ancient Mayan
civilization was built. Growing beans,
maize, and squash together created
healthier crops and dark, fertile earth, Which choice completes the text with
and enabled successive generations to the most logical and precise word or
rotate crops through the same plots phrase?
without depleting the soil. Alexandre A) assisted
Jousset, from the Georg August B) protected
University in Gottingen, Germany was C) tended
captivated with the Jena Experiment – D) repaired
a series of biodiverse grassland plots in
Germany that have been continuously
________since 2002, allowing
researchers to study the impacts of
species richness and diversity on soil
fertility.
Reading Writing Question 3

Play is pleasurable: Children must

enjoy the activity or it is not play. It is Which choice completes the text with
_______motivated: Children engage in the most logical and precise word or
play simply for the satisfaction the phrase?
behavior itself brings. It has no A) strongly
extrinsically motivated function or B) spontaneously
goal. Play is process oriented: When C) inherently
children play, the means are more D) essentially
important than the ends. It is freely
chosen, spontaneous, and voluntary.

Reading Writing Question 4

This text is adapted from Clay Shirky, Here Which choice most logically completes the
Comes Everybody: The Power of Organizing text?
without Organizations. @2008. The author is A) fewer than two percent of
discussing websites such as Wikipedia and
Flickr to which users contribute content.
Wikipedia users ever contribute,
yet that is enough to create
There are two big surprises here in profound value for millions of
users’ content contribution. The first is users.
that the imbalance is the same shape B) bloggers, Wikipedia contributors,
across a huge number of different photographers, people conversing
kinds of behaviors. The second on mailing lists, and social
surprise is that the imbalance drives participation in many other large-
large social systems rather than scale systems all exhibit a similar
damaging them, which is supported in pattern.
a study by Sociologist Daniel Fireman C) the general form of a power law
when he stated that _________ distribution appears in a social
setting when some set of items is
ranked by frequency of occurrence.
D) the spontaneous division of labor
driving Wikipedia wouldn’t be
possible if there were a concern for
reducing equality.
Reading Writing Question 5

Many believe that lullabies, Which finding, if true, would most

characterized by their less steady beat, directly support the researchers’
contain some acoustic features that are claim?
universally calming to infants. In a A) The heart rates of infants in the
study, Constance M Cambridge and study were more irregular during the
colleagues played both a lullaby sung lullabies than during non-lullabies.
in the Western Nahuatl language and a B) Parents of infants in the study
non-lullaby sung in the Serbian chose the lullaby over the non-lullaby
language to a group of infants. The when asked which song they would
researchers also measured the infants’ use to calm their child.
heart rates, as a reduced heart rate is C) Infants’ heart rates were
considered a measure of relaxation. substantially lower during the lullaby
They claim that the lullaby did indeed than during the non-lullaby.
relax the infants. D) Both the song in Western
Nahuatl and the song in Serbian were
sung by a female singer.
Reading Writing Question 6

The contest of opinion, the election, Which choice best states the main
being now decided by the voice of the argument of the text?
nation, announced according to the
rules of the Constitution, all will, of A) An argument for the universal value
course, arrange themselves under the of democracy.
will of the law, and unite in common B) An argument for the adoption of
efforts for the common good. All, too, new Constitutional rights.
will bear in mind this sacred principle, C) An argument against the tyranny of
that though the will of the majority is the majority.
in all cases to prevail, that will to be D) An argument against the
rightful must be reasonable; that the abandonment of religious
minority possess their equal rights, principles.
which equal law must protect, and to
violate would be oppression.
Reading Writing Question 7

Now we have fixed the speed of light

in a vacuum, c, at exactly 299,792,458
kilometers per second. But in the field
of gravity, Nobel Laureate Paul Dirac
raised the possibility that G, gravity,
might vary over time. Was he right?
Probably not. Observations of
astronomical bodies under gravity do
not show this variation, and so far
Which choice best uses the data to complete
there is no sign that G varies in space.
the text?
Similarly, there seems to be no credible
evidence that the speed of light varies
A) quantum fluctuations in a vacuum.
in space or time. The modern scientists
B) changes in the speed of light over
reinforced this claim in another study
time.
by researching the History of
C) increased experimental precision
Experimental Estimates of the Speed of
over time.
Light, in which they attributed the
D) the wave-like behavior of light.
variation in these values as ________
Reading Writing Question 8

Which choice best reinforces the idea

shown in the previous sentence?

“What Kind of Times Are These” by A) “Truly, I live in dark times!/ An

Adrienne Rich responds to the 1939 artless word is foolish./ A smooth
poem “To Those Who Follow in Our forehead/ Points to insensitivity./
Wake” by Berthold Brecht, who relays B) “What times are these, in which/ A
his fear that writing about nature and conversation about trees is almost a
beauty – the things that normally crime/ For in doing so we maintain
move poets – was irresponsible in a our silence about so much
time of great suffering. Writing under wrongdoing!/”
the Nazi regime, Brecht felt that poets C) “It is true: I work for a living/ But,
had a duty to speak out against this believe me, that is a coincidence.
violence, not hide away in poems Nothing/ That I do gives me the
about nature. Lamenting the state of right to eat my fill.”
the world, he wrote, “________.” D) “They tell me: eat and drink. Be glad
to be among the haves!/ But how
can I eat and drink/ when I take
what I eat from the starving/ And
those who thirst do not have my
glass of water? And yet I eat and
drink.”
Reading Writing Question 9

It took just an instant to spot three Which choice best states the function
people reading the paper, his paper, of the underlined portion as a whole?
and he thought that all three would
soon pass or had already passed their A) To imply that the newspaper’s
eyes over the letters of his name in editorial staff underestimates its
print and then his signature, that clear popularity with its readers.
uppercase letter that soon deteriorated B) To suggest that the newspaper’s
into a chaos of curves and ended up editorial section is prominent in the
disintegrating into a corner. Everyone national consciousness.
knew the space where his cartoon had C) To indicate that editorials in the
always been: it was the first thing newspaper are generally written
anyone’s eyes saw when they reached under assumed names.
those pages, in the very centre of the D) To emphasize that editorials in the
first page of opinion columns, that newspaper are more interesting
mythic place where Colombians go to than they used to be.
hate their public figures or find out
why they love them.
Reading Writing Question 10

Across two experiments, psychological According to the text, what is true about the
scientists M. Mahdi Roghanizad and experiment’s design?
Vanessa Bohns found that people tend
to overestimate the persuasiveness of A) It was to avoid the possibility that some
requests sent over by email while also requesters would be more comfortable
underestimating the effectiveness of working with strangers than other
requests made in person. In the first requesters would.
experiment, 45 college students were B) It was to avoid the possibility that some
each assigned to ask 10 strangers to fill requesters would be better able to assess
out a short personality survey. Half of the approachability of the strangers they
the requesters were assigned to a face- selected than other requesters would be.
to-face condition, approaching 10 C) It was to avoid the possibility that the
unknown students on a college requesters in one condition would be more
campus, while the other requesters socially diverse than the requesters in the
sent emails to strangers chosen out of other condition would be.
the university’s directory. Before they D) It was to avoid the possibility that the
got started, requesters were asked how requesters in one condition would be able
many people they thought they could to create a more convincing request than
get to fill out the survey. In both the requesters in the other condition
conditions, requesters used the same would.
script to make the request.
Reading Writing Question 11

Which choice best illustrates the latter

Considered one of the most significant point of this view?
examples of Romantic poetry, “I
Wandered Lonely as a Cloud” explores A) “I wandered lonely as a cloud/
the relationship between nature and That floats on high o’er vales and
humanity. In doing so, it makes two hills/ When all at once I saw a
key points. Firstly, it argues that crowd, A host, of golden daffodils”
humanity is not separate from nature, B) “Continuous as the stars that
but rather part of it. And secondly, it shine/ And twinkle on the milky
suggests that the natural world – and a way,/ They stretched in never-
strong bond with it – is essential to ending line/ Along the margin of a
human happiness. In this poem, bay:”
daffodils, bright yellow flowers that C) “A poet could not but be gay,/ In
herald the beginning of spring in such a jocund company:/ I gazed –
Britain, are the central focus of the and gazed – but little thought/
poem. What wealth the show to me had
brought:”
D) “They flash upon that inward eye/
Which is the bliss of solitude;/ And
then my heart with pleasure fills,/
And dances with the daffodils.”
Reading Writing Question 12

Nearly a century ago, scientists first

noticed that the water in the traps of
some pitcher plant species had Which statement about the fluid of N.
unusually low surface tension. This rafflesiana pitcher plants is supported
means an insect that’s used to safely by information from the graph and as
tiptoeing across puddles suddenly shown in the text?
finds itself drowning inside a pitcher A) Its surface tension is similar to
plant. But the reason for this extra- that of the fluid of California
deadly water wasn’t clear. In 2007, pitcher plants.
Laurence Gaume and Yoel Forterre of B) It has been shown to capture
France’s CNRS (French National insects even when it is mixed
Centre for Scientific Research) studied with relatively large amounts of
the liquid of the pitcher plant water.
Nepenthes rafflesiana and found that it C) It contains the same bacteria as
has so-called viscoelastic properties. the fluid of California pitcher
This means “the power of gluing plants.
insects,” Gaume explains, and of D) It has been found to have
forming watery filaments that cling to properties that make escape
a struggling bug. difficult for insects.
Reading Writing Question 13

Both texts address the same case:

Schwimmer, a Hungarian refugee, was
denied US citizenship for refusing to
promise to bear arms in the country’s
defense.
Which choice best states how Text 1
Text 1 responds to underlined portion in Text 2?
Whatever tends to lessen the willingness
of citizens to discharge their duty to bear A) He states that future law may make it
arms in the country’s defense detracts possible for women to bear arms in
from the strength and safety of the the country’s defense.
government. The influence of B) He illustrates that a person of any age
conscientious objectors against the use of or sex has the right to offer opinions
military force in defense of the principles about the military.
of our government is apt to be more C) He emphasizes that Schwimmer is
detrimental than their mere refusal to capable of persuading others to adopt
bear arms. The fact that, by reason of sex, her opinions.
age or other cause, they may be unfit to D) Schwimmer’s opposition to the use of
serve does not lessen their purpose or defensive military force is
power to influence others. unconstitutional.

Text 2
The applicant seems to be a woman of
superior character and intelligence,
obviously more than ordinarily desirable
as a citizen of the United States. The
views referred to are an extreme opinion
in favor of pacifism and a statement that
she would not bear arms to defend the
Constitution. So far as the adequacy of
her oath is concerned I hardly can see
how that is affected by the statement,
inasmuch as she is a woman over fifty
years of age, and would not be allowed to
bear arms if she wanted to.
Reading Writing Question 14

Eden Robinson is a novelist and a Which choice best states the main
member of the Haisla Nation in purpose of the text?
Western Canada. Critics and fellow
writers have praised her work for A) To discuss two writers who blend
combining traditional Haisla stories traditional Indigenous stories with
with popular genres of literature, such popular genres.
as fantasy and mystery fiction. But B) To urge younger Indigenous
Robinson is not the only Indigenous authors to avoid writing in popular
writer to blend traditional stories with genres.
popular literature. In the 2019 novel C) To argue that traditional
Empire of Wild, Cherie Dimaline Indigenous writers are more
successfully blended the oral memorable than most novels are.
storytelling tradition of her people, the D) To explain why one Indigenous
Metis, with horror fiction. author has achieved more success
than another has.
Reading Writing Question 15

Which choice most logically completes the

text?
A) the mercury levels reported in Noh and
In a 2012 study in the United States, Michael colleagues’ study were much higher
E. Berndt and Travis K. Bavin found a than those reported in the study by
positive association between levels of Berndt and Bavin even though the
dissolved organic carbon and mercury in dissolved organic carbon levels reported
bodies of fresh water. Many other studies in the two studies were approximately
have yielded similar results, suggesting to
the same.
some scientists that this association is true
B) Berndt and Bavin may have
for all bodies of fresh water. But much of
the research has been conducted at broadly inadvertenly measured a different
similar sites in North America, and when characteristic of bodies of fresh water
Seam Noh and colleagues examined bodies than their levels of dissolved organic
of fresh water in South Korea, they found a carbon and mercury.
negative association between dissolved C) the relationship between dissolved
organic carbon levels and mercury levels. If organic carbon and mercury reported by
similar findings emerge from other Berndt and Bavin reflects conditions that
locations outside North America, that could are characteristics of certain kinds of
suggest that ______________ ecosystems in North America rather
than universal condition.
D) most of the studies conducted in North
America have measured dissolved
organic carbon and mercury levels at a
higher level of precision than was the
case in Noh and colleagues’ study.
Reading Writing Question 16

When students enroll into college, they Which choice most logically completes
are faced with the weighty decision to the text?
settle on a major that will thereafter
dictate the course of their education A) students who change majors are
and its curriculum. According to the significantly less likely to graduate
US Department of Education, about on time.
one third of students changed their B) students should not decide on a
majors within the first couple years of major until their junior year, since
enrollment. Specifically, 35% of they are likely to change degrees
students who pursued a STEM-related within the first couple of years.
major (Science, Technology, C) students obtaining a degree in
Engineering, or Mathematics) changed education are less likely to change
within three years, though this their major than those obtaining a
percentage increased to 52% of degree in science.
students if they specialized in Math. D) the majority of students change
Comparatively, 29% of students with a their major at least once before
non-STEM major switched within the starting their junior year.
first few years. These findings suggest
that ___________
Reading Writing Question 17

While researching a topic, a student has taken the following notes:

• Titanic is a British luxury passenger liner that sank in 1912 during its first
maiden voyage.
• Titanic “disaster” is one of the most famous tragedies in modern history.
• It inspires numerous stories, several films and musicals.
• Titanic in 1997 is the classic of the film industry describing this tragedy.
• Leonardo DiCaprio and Kate Winslet were the main actor and actress in the
Titanic (1997).

The student wants to introduce the Titanic (1997) film to an audience who is familiar
with the sinking of Titanic. Which choice best accomplishes the goal?

A) Titanic is a British luxury passenger liner that sank in 1912, which inspires The
Titanic (1997) film, performed by Leonardo DiCaprio and Kate Winslet.
B) The Titanic film, played by Leonardo DiCaprio and Kate Winslet, inspired by
Titanic Sink in 1912, is a classic of the film disaster industry.
C) Titanic Disaster is one of the most famous tragedies in modern history, which
inspires The Titanic (1997) film.
D) Leonardo DiCaprio and Kate Winslet were the main actor and actress in The
Titanic (1997).
Reading Writing Question 18

Interacting with animals, particularly dogs, is known to help people cope with ____
the prefrontal cortex helps individuals regulate and process social and emotional
interactions, neuroscientists believe that it might be particularly relevant to their
research.

Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard
English?
A) stress, because
B) stress: because
C) stress because
D) stress because –

Reading Writing Question 19

In the future, companies may develop hybrid models, listing excess capacity
(whether vehicles, equipment, or office space) on peer-to-peer rental sites. In the past,
new ways of doing things online have not displaced the old ways entirely. However,
they have often changed _____. Just as internet shopping forced Walmart and Tesco
to adapt, so only sharing will shake up transport, tourism, equipment-hire and more.

Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard
English?
A) it
B) them
C) themselves
D) him
Reading Writing Question 20

Broadly speaking, enjoyment smiles are characterized by the engagement of two

specific facial muscles: the zygomaticus major, which raises the mouth’s corners, and
the orbicularis oculi, which raises the cheeks, narrows the eye aperture, and produces
wrinkles around the eyes. These enjoyment smiles are called Duchenne, named after
the French __________who first studied the physiology of smiles in the 1860s.

Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard
English?
A) Anatomist G.B. Duchenne,
B) Anatomist; G.B. Duchenne,
C) Anatomist G.B. Duchene,
D) Anatomist G.B. Duchenne

Reading Writing Question 21

Sixty small paintings on boards were the centerpiece of the 2015 exhibit One Way
Ticket: Jacob Lawrence’s Migration Series at New York’s Museum of Modern Art
(MoMA). Lawrence completed the paintings, which he called panels, in 1941. They
feature strong, bold lines; simple, somewhat abstract recurring _________ vibrant
primary colors.

Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard
English?
A) forms; and a limited palette’s of
B) form, and a limited palette of
C) form; and a limited palette of
D) form. And a limited palette of
Reading Writing Question 22

The Human Genome Project (HGP), an international scientific effort from 1990 to
2003, decoded the complete sequence of DNA base pairs and genes in the human
genome, and made this information available for further biological study. This new
knowledge has already produced significant medical breakthroughs, and further
applications are bounded only by ________imaginations.

Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard
English?
A) the limits’ of scientists’
B) the limits of scientist’s
C) the limits of scientists’
D) the limits of a scientists’

Reading Writing Question 23

Given today’s competitive job market, many students in the United Sates worry that
they lack the skills needed to gain entry into a rewarding ________ the vast majority
of these young people already possess one attribute that is in demand around the
world: fluency in the English language. Millions, possibly even billions, people
around the world would like to learn English or improve their ability to speak, read,
or writing the language – and who better to teach this difficult subject than a native
speaker?

Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition?
A) profession, however,
B) profession; however,
C) prefession, however;
D) profession; however;
Reading Writing Question 24

Note the sharp drop-off in the number of photos between the top few contributors
and most of the participants. Notice too that because of the disproportionate
contributions of these few photographers, three-quarters of the photographers
contributed a below-average number of pictures. This pattern is general to social
media: on mailing lists with more than a couple dozen participants, the most active
writer is generally much more active than _______ in the number-two slot, and far
more active than average.

Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard
English?
A) people
B) that of the person
C) the person
D) the person’s

Reading Writing Question 25

You just got assigned a new project at work and you need to wrangle some help from
the rest of your team. ______ it may be tempting to send out a mass email asking for
volunteers, new research suggests you’re much more likely to enlist help by actually
asking people face-to-face.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition?
A) While
B) Because
C) However,
D) Therefore,
Reading Writing Question 26

In 1904, the musician James Reese Europe moved from Washington, DC, where he
had studied under concert violinist Joseph Douglass, to New York City. Seeking
opportunities for himself and fellow jazz musicians to perform for a wider audience,
Europe helped found the Clef Club in 1910. This organization for African American
musicians provided rehearsal space, booked venues for concerts, and crucially
formed a jazz orchestra of more than one hundred members with Europe as ____
conductor.

Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard
English?
A) it’s
B) there
C) they’re
D) its

Reading Writing Question 27

Changes in temperature can significantly disrupt the layer. The researchers

demonstrated this using a small greenhouse with a roof that automatically opens
when it __________ the greenhouse to create a subnivium while remaining several
degrees warmer than the ambient environment. The research found that, finally,
subnivean temperatures inside the greenhouse were actually lower than those
outside.

Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard
English?
A) snows. Allowing
B) snows, allowing
C) snows, this allowed
D) snows; and allowing