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 Operating System
– Java Virtual
– Machine
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Hardware

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 Class (.class) File Class Loader

Runtime Data Areas

Java Native
Method Code
Heap Thread Method PC Registers
Area Cache
Stacks Stacks

Execution JIT Compiler / Garbage Native Native

Method Method
Engine Interpreter Collector Libraries
Interface
 Runtime
Object Object Constant Method nmethods
Pool Code
Object
nmethods

Object Field Method

Object Data Data

Heap Method Area

Thread 3

Thread 1 Thread 1 Thread 2 Thread 3

Stack Frame
Thread 2
Native
Thread 3 Stack Frame Stack Frame Stack Frame Method
Stacks

PC Registers Java Thread Stacks Native Area

 Thread
PC Register

Metadata
Stack Frame

Runtime
Local Variable Array Constant Pool
Return Value Operand Stack Reference
Runtime Constant Pool

Field Data
Constant Class
Constant FieldRef
Constant MethodRef
Constant String Method Data
Constant Integer
Constant Float
.. Method Code
Operating System

Java JVM
Source
Code Class Loader

Java Runtime Data Areas

Compiler

Execution JIT
Interpreter
Java Engine Compiler
Bytecode

Hardware
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Linking

Loading Verifying

Preparing

Resolving Initializing

–
 Bootstrap
Class Loader

Launcher$ExtClassLoader

Launcher$AppClassLoader

ClassLoader

User Defined User Defined

Class Loader Class Loader
 Java Memory Model

Heap Method Area Native Area

Runtime Field &

Old Method Native
Young Generation Constant Method Code Cache MMAP
Generation Code Stack
Pool Data

Eden Survivor 0 Survivor 1

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–

Runtime
Local Variable Array Constant Pool
Return Value Operand Stack Reference

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– Thread
PC Register

Stack Frame
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Heap Space

Young Generation Old Generation

From To
Eden
Survivor Survivor Tenured

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Method Area

Permanent Generation

 Runtime Constant Pool

–
Field & Method Data

Method Code
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Heap Space Method Area Native Area

Young Generation Old Generation Permanent Generation

Code Cache

Runtime Constant Pool

MMAP
From To
Eden
Survivor Survivor Tenured Field & Method Data

Method Code Native Stack

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Method Area Native Area

Permanent Generation

Runtime Constant Pool Metaspace

Field & Method Data

Compressed
Method Code
Class Space *
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Native Area

Code Cache
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Used Memory Free Memory Unalocated

- object instances, etc - - ready for allocation - Memory
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Maximum Java stack size

PermGen replacement
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Non-reachable
objects - Garbage
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– Reachable
 objects
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GC Roots
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allocations

Minor GC Young
Generation

promotions

Major / Full GC
Old
Generation

Permanent Generation /
Metaspace
 Eden
allocations
Young
Generation
From To
Survivor Survivor

Old
Generation

after Minor GC

Eden
Young
Generation
From To
Survivor Survivor

swap
Old
Generation
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long start = System.nanoTime();

/* Code to be measured */
 long end = System.nanoTime();

long elapsed = end - start;

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synchronized (object) {
/* critical section */
}
synchronized (object) {
{ /* critical section */
/* non-critical section */ /* non-critical section */
} /* critical section */
}
synchronized (object) {
/* critical section */
}


–
Thread 1 Thread 1

synchronized (A) { synchronized (B) {

/* critical section */ /* critical section */
} }

OS mutex / conditional variables

lock A lock B
Atomic operations (CAS)
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Heap Stack Register Heap Stack Register

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newly compiled: f() + g()

context: f(), g()
context: f() + g()
values of locals: f(), g()
values of locals: f() + g()

function: g()
locals: []

function: f() function: f() + g()

locals: [i, j] locals: [i, j]

... ...
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Space Address

Native Memory Buffer


Java Heap
–
Java Byte Array
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–
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non-direct
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java.nio.ByteBuffer

direct
java.nio.ByteBuffer
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1. log.debug("First argument = [" + arg1 + "], second argument = [" + arg2 + "], third argument = [" + arg3 + "]");

2. if (log.isDebugEnabled()) {
log.debug("First argument = [" + arg1 + "], second argument = [" + arg2 + "], third argument = [" + arg3 + "]");
}

3. if (log.isDebugEnabled()) {
log.debug("First argument = [{}], second argument = [{}], third argument = [{}]", arg1, arg2, arg3);
}

4. log.debug("First argument = [{}], second argument = [{}], third argument = [{}]", arg1, arg2, arg3);

5. log.debug(() -> "First argument = [" + arg1 + "], second argument = [" + arg2 + "], third argument = [" + arg3 + "]");

public void debug(String format, Object arg) {

if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
FormattingTuple ft = MessageFormatter.format(format, arg);
logger.log(FQCN, Level.DEBUG, ft.getMessage(), ft.getThrowable());
}
}

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