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Topic 3 - Origin and Evolution of Botany

Botany is the scientific study of plants, examining their growth, reproduction, interaction with the environment, structure, and function. Botanists investigate various aspects of plants such as genetics, ecology, physiology, and anatomy. Genetics examines how traits are passed down between generations, ecology studies plant interactions with their environment, physiology focuses on plant life processes, and anatomy looks at plant structure and organization. Studying these areas together provides insights into plants and their relationships with other organisms and ecosystems.

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52 views4 pages

Topic 3 - Origin and Evolution of Botany

Botany is the scientific study of plants, examining their growth, reproduction, interaction with the environment, structure, and function. Botanists investigate various aspects of plants such as genetics, ecology, physiology, and anatomy. Genetics examines how traits are passed down between generations, ecology studies plant interactions with their environment, physiology focuses on plant life processes, and anatomy looks at plant structure and organization. Studying these areas together provides insights into plants and their relationships with other organisms and ecosystems.

Uploaded by

victoriareyzzakay
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We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Origin and Evolution of Botany

Botany is the scientific study of plants. It requires looking at everything, including the growth,

reproduction, interaction with the environment, structure and function. Botanist investigate

numerous aspects of plants, such as their genetics, ecology, physiology, and anatomy.

Genetics- botany and genetics are connected because botany focuses on the study of plants,

while genetics examines how traits are passed down from one generation to another. By

studying botany and genetics together, we can understand how plants inherit and express

different characteristics, such as flower color or leaf shape. It's like unraveling the genetic

secrets of plants. for example tangelo is a combination of tangerine and pomelo.

Ecology - Botany and ecology are closely connected. Botany is the study of plants, while

ecology is the study of how organisms interact with their environment. In simple terms,

botany helps us understand plants, their characteristics, and how they function, while

ecology focuses on how plants interact with other organisms and their surroundings.

Together, they provide insights into the relationships between plants and their ecosystems.

Physiology - botany and physiology are connected because botany helps us understand the

inner workings of plants, while physiology focuses on how plants function and carry out

their life processes. By studying botany and physiology together, we can gain insights into how

plants grow, reproduce, obtain nutrients, and respond to their environment. It's like uncovering

the secrets of how plants work.

Anatomy- botany and anatomy are connected because botany focuses on the study of plants as

a whole, while anatomy specifically looks at the structure and organization of plant tissues

and organs. By studying botany and anatomy together, we can understand how plants are built,
how different parts function, and how they contribute to the overall growth and development of

plants. It's like exploring the inner workings and structure of plants.

The History of Botany

- From three Greek words:

- botanikos (botanical)

- botane (plant or herb);

- boskein (to feed)

- From the French word botanique (botanical).

• Theophrastus

- Father of Botany

- he further classified plants into herbs, shrubs, and trees.

- he also started the basic concepts of morphology, classification, and the natural history of

plants.

• Caius Plinius Secundus

- described the biological, medicinal, and agricultural aspects.

• Pedanius Dioscorides

- he was a physician on a roman army.

- He described 600 species of plants

• Carolus Linnaeus

- Father of Taxonomy
• Leon Ma. Guerrero ( Leon Maria Ignacio Agapito Guerrero y Francisco)

- Father of Philippine Botany

- Father of Philippine Pharmacy

- a nationalist scientist and was born in Ermitia, Manila. Also dubbed as the 1st Filipino

industrial scientist and forensic chemist.

Four Major Periods of Plant Evolution:

1. The Pre Cambrian Era

2. The Paleozoic Era

3. The Mesozoic Era

4. The Cenozoic Era

Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) – the molecule that stores hereditary information.

The 3 Domains of Oraganisms:

Prokaryotes
1. Domain Archea
2. Domain Bacteria
3. Domain Archea

Eukaryotes – organisms whose cells have a nucleus. All animals, plants, fungi, and many
unicellular organisms are eukaryotes.
• King Mycetae – Fungi
• Kingdom Animalia – Animals
• Kingdom Plantae – Plants

Relictual Features - technically known as PLESIOMORPHIC FEATURES; formerly called


PRIMITIVE FEATURES. PLESIOMORPHIC FEATURES - features that are shared by
different groups of biological organisms and are inherited from a common ancestor.

The Three Domains of Organisms Derived traits (apomorphic traits) - Characteristics that have
the same structure and function that have evolved more recently as modifications of the
previous trait.
3 types of Plant Adaptation:

1. Structural Adaptation – is a physical feature that an organism has evolved in order to


survive. In plants, this could include the evolution of waxy leaves or different root
structures. Structural Adaptations of plants can include spines, like those found on a
cactus or rose. Example of this is the Venus Flytrap.

2. Behavioral Adaptation of plants are behaviors which give them an advantage. All plant
shoots grow quickly towards the light to maximize photosynthesis. Growth towards the
light and other tropisms ensure that plants can respond to changes in their environment.

3. Physiological Adaptation – is an internal process that increases a plant’s chance of


survival. One example seen in plants is the creation of poison for defense. The nightshade
plant, for example, produces poison so that it is not consumed.

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