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Presentation 4

The document provides an introduction to the C programming language, covering topics such as what a program is, the history and basics of C, variables and data types, conditional statements like if-else and switch statements, looping statements like for, while and do-while loops, functions, and a simple program to add two numbers.

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RAJ KUMAR M
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31 views24 pages

Presentation 4

The document provides an introduction to the C programming language, covering topics such as what a program is, the history and basics of C, variables and data types, conditional statements like if-else and switch statements, looping statements like for, while and do-while loops, functions, and a simple program to add two numbers.

Uploaded by

RAJ KUMAR M
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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C Programming and

Data Structures
Introduction

 Program/Software

A set of instructions or code written in


a specific programming language that
tells a computer what tasks to
perform
Example programs.....
What is Programming language?

 A programming language is a formalized set of


rules and syntax used to write computer
programs.
 It serves as a means of communication between
humans and computers.
History of c language
 C was developed by Dennis Ritchie at Bell Labs in the early 1970s. It
was created as a successor to the B programming language, which was
developed by Ken Thompson.

 In 1972, Dennis Ritchie built the first C compiler. This compiler


allowed C code to be translated into machine-readable instructions.

 C's simplicity, portability, and efficiency have contributed to its


enduring popularity, and it continues to be an important language in
computer science and software development.
First program
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
int main()
{
clrscr();
printf("Hello World!.");
getch();

return 0;
}
C program execution steps...
Variables and Datatypes
Variables
➢ A variable is a symbolic name or identifier used to represent a storage
location in computer memory where data can be stored, manipulated,
and retrieved during the execution of a program.
Datatype

➢ Data types define the type of data that a variable can


hold.
➢ Data types specify the size and format of values that
can be stored in variables
➢ It determines how operations are performed on those
values
Program to add two numbers...
#include <stdio.h>
int main() {
Output??
int num1, num2;
printf("Enter the first number: ");
scanf("%d", &num1);
printf("Enter the second number: ");
scanf("%d", &num2);
int sum = num1 + num2;
printf("The sum of %d and %d is %d\n", num1, num2, sum);
return 0;
}
Keywords in c
Branching Statements...

Branching statements are used to


change the flow of a program's
execution by making decisions based on
conditions
If-else Statement
#include <stdio.h>
int main() {
int num = 10;
if (num > 0) {
printf("The number is positive.\n");
} else {
printf("The number is not positive.\n");
}
return 0;
}
Else-if ladder Statement
#include <stdio.h>
int main() {
int num = 0;
if (num > 0) {
printf("The number is positive.\n");
} else if (num < 0) {
printf("The number is negative.\n");
} else {
printf("The number is zero.\n");
}
return 0;
}
Switch Statement
#include <stdio.h>
int main() {
char grade = 'B';
switch (grade) {
case 'A':
printf("Excellent!\n");
break;
case 'B':
printf("Good!\n");
break;
case 'C':
printf("Average.\n");
break;
default:
printf("Needs improvement.\n");
}

return 0; Output??
}
Goto Statement
#include <stdio.h>
int main() {
int num = 5;
if (num == 5) {
goto label;
}
printf("This won't be printed.\n");
label:
printf("This will be printed.\n");
return 0;
}
Looping Statements...

For loop
#include <stdio.h>
int main() {
for (int i = 1; i <= 5; i++) {
printf("Iteration %d\n", i);
}
return 0;
}
While loop
#include <stdio.h>
int main() {
int count = 1;
while (count <= 5) {
printf("Iteration %d\n", count);
count++;
}
return 0;
}
Do-While loop
#include <stdio.h>
int main() {
int count = 1;
do {
printf("Iteration %d\n", count);
count++;
} while (count <= 5);

return 0;
}
Functions In c
In C, a function is a self-contained block of
code that performs a specific task. Functions
allow you to modularize your code, making it
more organized, readable, and maintainable
Syntax:
return_type function_name(parameters)//Header
{
// Function body
// Code to perform the task
return return_value; // Optional return statement
}
#include <stdio.h>
// Function declaration
int add(int a, int b);
int main() {
int result = add(5, 3); // Calling the add function
printf("Result: %d\n", result);
return 0;
}
// Function definition
int add(int a, int b) {
int sum = a + b;
return sum; // Return the sum as the result of the function
}

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